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absorb
Переведено с английского на русский.
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гл.
1) всасывать, впитывать; абсорбировать; поглощать
to absorb heat — поглощать тепло
Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not. — Одни вещества легко растворяются в крови, тогда как другие нет.
Антонимы:
eject, emit
2) увлекать, поглощать
absorbed in reading — поглощённый чтением
absorbed in thought — погружённый в мысли
His work absorbed him. — Работа увлекла его.
3) включать в своё число, присоединять; принимать
the capacity of a country to absorb immigrants — возможность страны принимать иммигрантов
Large companies absorb smaller ones. — Крупные компании поглощают мелкие.
People of many different nationalities have, over the years, been absorbed into the population of the city. — На протяжении многих лет город всасывал и растворял в массе своего населения людей самых разных национальностей.
Синонимы:
assimilate, incorporate
4) понимать, постигать
to absorb the full meaning of a remark — полностью осознать смысл сделанного замечания
5) оплачивать, брать на себя (расходы)
The company will absorb all the research costs. — Компания оплатит все расходы на научные исследования.
6) вынести, выдержать; переносить
The boxer absorbed the punches without buckling. — Боксёр устоял на ногах.
7) амортизировать (толчки)
but1 S1 W1
bət; strong bʌt
conjunction
1used to connect two statements or phrases when the second one adds something different or seems surprising after the first one:
It’s an old car, but it’s very reliable.
They rushed to the hospital, but they were too late.
We’ve invited the boss, but she may decide not to come.
an expensive but extremely useful book
‘Has he got any experience?’ ‘No, but he’s keen to learn.’
2used to introduce a statement that explains why the thing you have mentioned did not happen or is not possible:
I’d like to go but I’m too busy.
They would have married sooner, but they had to wait for her divorce.
3used after a negative to emphasize that it is the second part of the sentence that is true:
He lied to the court not just once, but on several occasions.
The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.
4except:
What can we do but sit and wait?
I had no choice but to accept the challenge.
Not a day goes by but I think of dear old Larry (=I think of him every day).
5but for
a)IF
used when you are saying that something would have happened if something or someone else had not prevented it:
But for these interruptions, the meeting would have finished earlier.
The score could have been higher but for some excellent goalkeeping by Simon.
I might never have got to university but for you.
b)
except for something or someone:
All was silent but for the sound of the wind in the trees.
6but then (again) spoken
a)BUT
used when you are adding a statement that says almost the opposite of what you have just said:
John might be ready to help us, but then again, he might not.
You feel really sorry for him. But then again, it’s hard to like him.
b)BUT
used when you are adding a statement that makes what you have just said seem less surprising:
Dinah missed the last rehearsal, but then she always was unreliable, wasn’t she?
7 spoken used when you are replying to someone and expressing strong feelings such as anger, surprise etc:
But that’s marvellous news!
‘They won’t even discuss the problem.’ ‘But how stupid!’
8somebody cannot but do something formal used to say that someone has to do something or cannot stop themselves from doing it:
I could not but admire her.
9spoken used when disagreeing with someone:
‘It was a good idea.’ ‘But it didn’t work.’
10 spoken used to emphasize a word or statement:
It’ll be a great party – everyone, but everyone, is coming.
They’re rich, but I mean rich.
11 spoken used to change the subject of a conversation:
But now to the main question.
But tell me, are you really planning to retire?
12spoken used after expressions such as ‘Excuse me’ and ‘I’m sorry’:
Excuse me, but I’m afraid this is a no-smoking area.
THESAURUS
but conjunction used when linking two words or phrases that seem opposite or very different in meaning. Don’t use but at the beginning of a sentence in written English: The plant’s leaves are big, but its flowers are quite small.|Her books are fascinating but often rather disturbing.|Many French dishes are basically simple, but they can take a long time to prepare.|Most of us value human life, but but some people think of animals as being equally important.
although conjunction used when contrasting one clause with another in the same sentence: Although you are in the middle of the city, you feel as if you are in the countryside.|The windmill is still in good working order, although it has not been used since the 1950s.|I enjoyed German although I wasn’t very good at it.|Although lack of sleep causes some problems, it has a relatively small effect on performance at work.
however conjunction used when saying something that seems different or surprising after your previous statement. It is usually used in the middle of a sentence, separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. It can also come at the beginning: Jack and his family managed to escape before the soldiers arrived. Other families in the village, however, were less lucky.|Their economy was incredibly successful in the 1980s. Since then, however, there has been a big rise in unemployment.|The town is a long way from the nearest big city. However, there is a good bus service.|He began his academic career as a mathematician. However, his main achievements were in the field of nuclear physics.
nevertheless / nonetheless conjunction used when saying something that seems different or surprising after your previous statement. It is used at the beginning or end of a sentence: A series of studies 20 years ago suggested that there was a link between watching violent films and violent behaviour. Nevertheless, the results remain highly controversial.|It was certainly a terrible accident. Nevertheless, air travel is still the safest form of transport.|The weather turned bad early in the day, but the festival was a great success nonetheless.|It was very hard digging in the dry ground, but the work was satisfying nevertheless.
whereas
weərˈæz
/while conjunction used when making comparisons and saying that something is true of one person, thing, or situation, but it is different for another. They are used when contrasting one clause with another in the same sentence: Taxes make up 62% of the price of a litre of petrol in France, whereas in Britain, the tax is 75%.|Some people visit their doctor once every few weeks, while others may not visit a doctor for several years.|Whereas in most of the world they drive on the right, in the UK and Japan they drive on the left.
by contrast formal used when making comparisons and saying that a person, thing, or situation is very different from the one you have just mentioned. It is used when referring back to the previous sentence: The surface temperature on Venus is higher than the boiling point of water. Mars, by contrast, is very cold.|A report by the FBI shows that 26% of female murder victims in 1995 were killed by their husbands or boyfriends. By contrast, only 3% of male victims were killed by their wives or girlfriends.
Word origin
Language: Old English
Origin: butan ‘outside, without, except’
but2 S2 W3
preposition
1apart from
SYN except
I could come any day but Thursday.
There’s no one here but me.
I could still see nothing but the spirals of desert dust.
He was unable to swallow anything but liquids.
2the last but one / the next but two etcespecially BrE the last or next thing or person except for one, two etc:
Pauline and Derek live in the next house but one (=they live two houses away from us).
but3 S2 W3
adverb
only:
This is but one example of what can happen when things go badly wrong.
It’s going to be difficult. Anyway, we can but try.
We have relationships of many different sorts – with our children, our parents, our boss and our friends, to name but a few.
but4
bʌt
noun
buts [plural] spoken reasons that someone gives for not doing something or agreeing with something:
‘I don’t want to hear any buts,’ Jo snapped.
He is the best player – no ifs, ands, or buts about that.
al‧though S1 W1
ɔːlˈðəʊ $ ɒːlˈðoʊ
conjunction
1used to introduce a statement that makes your main statement seem surprising or unlikely
SYN though
Although in poor health, she continued to carry out her duties.
We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.
Although I can’t help admiring the man’s courage, I do not approve of his methods.
2used to add a statement that balances or reduces the effect of what you have just said
SYN but
You can copy down my answers, although I’m not sure they’re right.
No, this is my responsibility, although I appreciate your offer.
Word origin
Date: 1300-1400
Origin: all ‘even’ + though
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Fifth Edition
despite
dɪˈspaɪt
preposition
1used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it
SYN in spite of
Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it.
despite the fact (that)
She went to Spain despite the fact that her doctor had told her to rest.
2despite yourself if you do something despite yourself, you do it although you did not intend to:
Liz realized that, despite herself, she cared about Edward.
Grammar
Do not use despite to introduce a clause. Instead, use despite with a present participle, despite the fact that, or a clause beginning with although:
Despite neglecting his studies, he got his degree (NOT Despite he neglected his studies...).
She seemed no happier, despite the fact that her physical condition had improved.
Although I learned a great deal, I thought the course was too narrowly based.
⚠ Despite is not followed by 'of', although it means the same as 'in spite of'.
while1 S1 W1
waɪl
conjunction
1during the time that something is happening:
They arrived while we were having dinner.
While she was asleep, thieves broke in and stole her handbag.
She met Andy while working on a production of Carmen.
2all the time that something is happening:
Would you look after the children while I do the shopping?
Grammar
In a clause beginning with while that refers to the future, use the present tense, not 'will':
I will enjoy my fame while it lasts (NOT while it will last).
3used to emphasize the difference between two situations, activities etc:
Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.
4in spite of the fact that
SYN although
While never a big eater, he did snack a lot.
While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty.
5while I’m / you’re etc at / about it spoken
used to suggest that someone should do something at the same time that they do something else:
Print out what you’ve written, and while you’re at it make a copy for me.
THESAURUS
while during the time that you are doing something, or something is happening: I bought a magazine while I was waiting for the train.|While we were on holiday, my bag was stolen.
meanwhile at the same time as something else is happening: They’re still working on our bedroom. Meanwhile, we’re sleeping downstairs.|The Russians, meanwhile, declared war on August 8.
in the meantime during the period of time between now and a future event, or between two events in the past: More aid is expected soon, but in the meantime these people are going hungry.|My new job hadn’t started, so in the meantime I tried to write a book.
whilstBrE while. Whilst sounds a little more formal than while : One American plane was forced to land whilst flying over North Korea.|Whilst all this was going on, the performers were getting ready for the show.
while2 S1 W2
noun
1a while a period of time, especially a short one:
It takes a while to recover from the operation.
in a while
Mr Thomas will be with you in a while.
for a while
At last, he could relax for a while.
a little / short while
Wait a little while before deciding.
We talked for quite a while (=a fairly long time) on the phone.
2all the while
all the time that something is happening:
He examined her thoroughly, talking softly all the while.
She continued working, all the while keeping an eye on the clock.
➔ (every) once in a whileat once1(8),
➔ be worth somebody’s while (to do/doing something)at worth1(5),
➔ make it worth somebody’s whileat worth1(6)
Word origin
Language: Old English
Origin: hwil
while3
verb
while away the hours / evening / days etc to spend time in a pleasant and lazy way:
The evenings were whiled away in endless games of cards.