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The educational system in Japan
The school year in Japan begins in April. Lessons continue Monday through Friday or on Saturday, depending on the school. The academic year consists of three semesters, each of which is separated by a small vacation - spring and winter, and stay for a period of one month - in the summer.
The school system consists of:
Primary School (syo: Gakko :) 6 years
High School (tyu: Gakko :) 3 years
high school (ko: to: Gakko :) 3 years
Primary and secondary school are compulsory. High school, despite the fact that it is not mandatory, complete about 94% of Japanese schoolchildren.
HISTORY
In the VIII century , during the Nara period , the Japanese have maintained contact with the Chinese Tang Dynasty . Under the influence of the latter, after the entry into force of the Code of Taiho , Japan, was founded in the Chinese education system . According to this system in the Japanese capital of Nara founded the Academy , and in the provinces - provincial schools . This system is preserved after the capital of Kyoto in 794 .
During the IX-XII centuries . Japan underwent a process of adaptation of Chinese culture. Have developed hieroglyphic literature and poetry , were invented alphabets Hiragana and Katakana , appeared literature and poetry written alphabet . The main educational centers for nobles and officials were provincial schools and Buddhist monasteries esoteric sects. For the common people there were special schools built by the monks , who were taught to read, count , and also gave some technical skills . The most famous of these schools was Syugey syuti - based monk Kukai
Preschool Education
Preschool education is represented by the creche, kindergartens and special schools for the disabled. Manger take babies up to 6 years, but provide no educational training. Kindergartens provide training for primary school children aged 3 to 6 years. In kindergartens, children are until mid-afternoon, in a manger - a whole day, depending on the specifics of the day parents. Wearing form kindergarten students is mandatory.
Primary school
Primary education includes primary schools and special schools for the disabled. In primary education institution receives children aged 6 years. Primary education is compulsory .
Primary school lasts 6 years. It taught general subjects : the state language (including calligraphy ) , arithmetic, music, art , physical education, the basics of life, humanities, natural sciences, labor. National textbooks do not exist. Wear a uniform cleaning and students of the school is mandatory.
Secondary schoolJunior
Secondary school lasts 3 years. In the compulsory subjects are: the state language, humanities (geography, history, social studies), mathematics (algebra, geometry), science (physics, chemistry, biology, geology), music (mastering musical instruments and joint performance), visual arts, exercise, work, English. Wear a uniform cleaning and students of the school is mandatory.
High School
Senior high school is represented upper secondary schools, technical schools and special schools for the disabled. In upper secondary education institution receives children aged 15 years. Study mode Full Time . Despite the fact that high school is not mandatory, it is visited by more than 94 % of pupils . Public and private high schools are not free.
Education in the senior high school lasts 3 years . There is a specialization in the humanities and natural sciences . The main aim of this is going to university . Wear a uniform cleaning and students of the school is mandatory. After school, students participate in extracurricular activities , studying kendo , judo, kyudo , calligraphy, athletics , political economy , etc.
Higher education
Higher education involves training for a four-year bachelor's degree. Sometimes offered a six-year program to achieve certain professional degrees. There are 2 types of universities : the national public universities .
Free higher education in the country is virtually nonexistent. As of 2011 , from 2.88 million students of Japanese universities , only about 100 were Japanese government scholarship . Scholarships are given only to the most talented and most needy students , and they are issued on the condition return and training costs are not fully covered .
According to the rankings QS World University Rankings, the top twenty universities in Asia are University of Tokyo (5th place), Osaka University (7th), Kyoto University (8th place), Tohoku University (9th), Nagoya University (10th place) Tokyo Institute of Technology (11th place), Kyushu University (17th place) and the University of Tsukuba (20th place).