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Business Result Pre-Int
Unit 12 Performance
Useful Language
|
Word |
Definition |
Translation |
Transcription |
|
accident |
something bad which happens that is not expected or intended, and which often damages something or injures someone |
несчастный случай |
æk.sɪ.dənt |
|
(to) achieve a target |
to succeed in reaching a particular goal |
достигать цели |
ətʃiv ə tɑ.gɪt |
|
approximate |
not completely accurate but close |
приблизительный, примерный |
ə prɒk.sɪ.mət |
|
approximation |
an estimate of a number or an amount that is almost correct, but not exact |
приближённое значение; |
ə prɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən |
|
bench |
a long, usually hard, seat for two or more people, often found in public places |
скамья |
bent ʃ |
|
capacity |
the total amount that can be contained or produced |
производительность |
kə pæs.ə.ti |
|
(to) collapse |
to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support |
разрушаться, обваливаться |
kə læps |
|
(to) decrease |
to become less |
уменьшаться, убывать, сокращаться |
dɪ kris |
|
(the) disabled |
not having one or more of the physical or mental abilities that most people have |
инвалиды |
dɪ seɪ.bl ̩d |
|
disappointing |
not as good, successful as you hoped |
неутешительный, разочаровывающий |
dɪs.ə pɔɪn.tɪŋ |
|
(to) discover |
to find information, a place or an object, especially for the first time |
обнаруживать |
dɪˈskʌv.ər |
|
diversity |
the quality of including a range of many people or things |
разнообразие; многообразие; |
da ɪˈvɜː.sɪ.ti |
|
diversity of workforce |
similarities and differences among employees in terms of age, cultural background, physical abilities and disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. |
разнородность рабочей силы |
da ɪ vɜ.sɪ.ti əv wɜk.fɔs |
|
downward/upward |
moving towards a lower/higherposition or value |
нисходящий/восходящий |
daʊn.wəd ʌp.wəd |
|
dramatically |
to a very great and surprising degree |
разительно, значительно, сильно |
drə mæt.ɪ.kli |
|
(to) drop |
to move to a lower level, or cause something to move to a lower level |
снижаться, уменьшаться |
drɒp |
|
due to |
attributable to or caused by |
благодаря; вследствие; в результате; из-за |
dju tu |
|
durable |
likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker |
надёжный, прочный, стойкий, |
djʊə.rə.bl |
|
encouraging |
giving support, courage or hope |
обнадёживающий |
ɪn kʌr.ɪ.dʒɪŋ |
|
environmental performance |
how well a business performs in terms of carrying out its activities without harming the environment |
экологические показатели |
ɪn vaɪə .rən .men.təl pə fɔː.mənt s |
|
ethnic |
of a national or racial group of people |
этнический |
eθ.nɪk |
|
(to) evaluate |
to judge the quality, importance of something |
оценивать, давать оценку; |
ɪ væl.ju.eɪt |
|
excellent |
extremely good |
отличный, отменный, |
ek.səl.ənt |
|
factory |
a building or set of buildings where large amounts of goods are made using machines |
завод, фабрика, предприятие |
fæk.tər.i |
|
furniture |
things such as chairs, tables, beds, cupboards, etc. which are put into a house or other building to make it suitable and comfortable for living or working in |
мебель |
fɜ .nɪ.tʃər |
|
graph |
a picture which shows how two sets of information or variable amounts are related, usually by lines or curves |
график |
grɑːf |
|
in addition |
as well (as) |
в добавление, к тому же |
ə dɪʃ.ən |
|
in terms of |
used to describe which particular area of a subject you are discussing |
с точки зрения |
ɪn tɜmz əv |
|
(to)include |
to contain something as a part of something else, or to make something part of something else |
включать в себя, содержать в себе |
ɪn klud |
|
industrial |
in or related to industry, or having a lot of industry and factories, etc |
индустриальный, промышленный |
ɪn dʌs.tri.əl |
|
inflation |
a general, continuous increase in prices |
инфляция |
ɪn fleɪ.ʃən |
|
(to) injure |
to hurt or cause physical harm to a person or animal |
ранить |
ɪn.dʒər |
|
investor |
a person who puts money into something in order to make a profit |
вкладчик, инвестор |
ɪn ves.tər |
|
(to) label |
to fasten a label to |
прикреплять ярлык, этикетку (прям. и перенос.) |
leɪ.bəl |
|
(to) last |
to continue being good or suitable |
сохраняться |
lɑːst |
|
(to) lay off |
to stop employing someone, because there is no work for them to do |
временно уволить |
lei.ɒf |
|
local council |
the group of people elected to govern a particular area, town orcity, and organize services for it |
муниципальный совет |
ləʊ.kəl kaʊnt .səl |
|
(to) locate |
to be in a particular place |
располагать в определённом месте; |
ləʊ ˈkeɪt |
|
(to) look after |
to take care of or be in charge of someone or something |
заботиться |
lʊk ɑːf.tər |
|
low-cost |
cheap |
малозатратный, низкозатратный (имеющий невысокие издержки) |
ləʊ kɒst |
|
(to) manage costs |
to use money, time, etc. in a sensible way so that it does not cost too much to do something |
Управлять расходами |
mæn.ɪdʒ kɒsts |
|
market share |
the amount of sales of a product that a company has, compared with total sales of that product |
доля рынка |
mɑ.kɪt ʃeər |
|
(to) measure performance |
to evaluate the quality of organization’s activity, services |
оценивать производительность, результативность работы |
meʒ.ər pə fɔː.mənt s |
|
middle-class |
a social group that consists of well-educated people, such as doctors, lawyers, and teachers, who have good jobs and are neither very rich nor very poor |
средний класс |
mɪd.l klɑːs |
|
minority |
a smaller number or part |
меньшинство |
maɪ nɒr.ɪ.ti |
|
nowadays |
at the present time, in comparison to the past |
в наши дни; теперь; в наше время |
naʊ.ə.deɪz |
|
objective |
something which you plan to do or achieve |
цель |
əb dʒek.tɪv |
|
oil |
the black oil obtained from under the Earth's surface from which petrol comes |
нефть |
ɔɪl |
|
passenger car |
a road vehicle with an engine, four wheels, and seats for a small number of people |
легковой автомобиль |
pæs.ən.dʒər kɑːr |
|
(to) perform |
to work or function well or badly |
исполнять, выполнять |
pə fɔm |
|
performance |
how well a person, company, etc. does a piece of work or an activity |
результативность, производительность, эффективность |
pəfɔ .mənt s |
|
personality |
the type of person you are, which is shown by the way you behave, feel and think |
индивидуальность, личность |
pɜ.sə næl.ə.ti |
|
(to) pollute |
to make an area or substance, usually air, water or earth, dirty by adding harmful chemicals |
загрязнять |
pə lut |
|
poor |
not good, being of a very low quality |
плохой, недостаточный |
pɔr |
|
(to) preserve |
to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed |
сохранять, сберегать |
prɪ zɜv |
|
public |
all ordinary people |
публика; общественность |
pʌb.lɪk |
|
public area |
any area which is free and open to general public all the time |
площадь общественного пользования |
pʌb.lɪk eə.ri.ə |
|
(to) reduce |
to make something smaller in size, amount, degree, importance |
сокращать, уменьшать |
rɪ djus |
|
(to) remain stable |
to stay in the same condition, not likely to change |
оставаться стабильным |
rɪ meɪn steɪ.bl |
|
(to) replace |
to change something that is old, damaged, etc, for a similar thing that in newer or better |
заменять, замещать |
rɪˈpleɪs |
|
reputation |
the opinion that people have about what someone/something is like, base on what has happened in the past |
репутация |
rep.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən |
|
revenues |
the money that an organization receives from its business |
доходы |
rev.ən.juz |
|
(to) rise |
to increase |
возрастать |
raɪz |
|
safe |
not in danger or likely to be harmed |
безопасный |
seɪf |
|
safety record |
the facts about how an organization performs in relation to its products and activities being safe |
Показатели безопасности |
seɪf.ti rek.ɔd |
|
salary cost |
the amount of money needed to pay salaries to the employees |
затраты [расходы, издержки] на оплату труда (служащих) |
sæl.ər.i kɒsts |
|
sales result |
the number of products sold |
товарооборот, объемпродаж |
seɪlz rɪ zʌlt |
|
sales target |
a specified amount of sales that amanagement sets for achieving or exceeding within a specified timeframe |
план продаж [сбыта] |
seɪlz tɑː.gɪt |
|
satisfactory |
good or good enough for a particular need or purpose |
удовлетворительный; достаточный |
sæt.ɪs fæk.tər.i |
|
screw |
a thin pointed piece of metal which is used to join things together |
винт, шуруп |
skru |
|
senior management |
managers at the highest level of a company or organization, considered as a group |
высшее руководство |
si.ni.ər mæn.ɪdʒ.mənt |
|
share |
one of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided and which can be bought by members of the public |
акция; доля |
ʃeər |
|
socially responsible |
doing things in a way that shows concern for society and people in general |
социально ответственный (соответствующие определенным социальным ценностям и моральным нормам,) |
səʊ.ʃəl.irɪ spɒnt .sɪ.bl |
|
stock market |
the business of buying and selling shares in companies and the place where this happens |
фондовая биржа |
Stɒk mɑː.kɪt |
|
survey |
an examination of opinions, behaviour, etc., made by asking people questions |
опрос, анкетирование |
sɜ.veɪ |
|
(to) treat |
to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way |
обращаться, вести себя (по отношению к кому-л. как-л.) |
trit |
|
trend |
a general development or change in a situation or in the way that people are behaving |
общее направление, тенденция |
trend |
|
unemployment |
the number of people who do not have a job which provides money |
безработица |
ʌn.ɪm plɔɪ.mənt |
|
vehicle |
machine usually with wheels and an engine, which is used for transporting people or goods |
транспортное средство |
vi.ɪ.kl ̩ |
|
wood |
a hard substance which forms the branches and trunks of trees and which can be used as a building material |
дерево (материал, древесина) |
wʊd |
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READING
Passion into Profit.
(1)Harry Cragoe first tried a fruit Smoothie in California in the early 1990s. He had no idea then that he was on a road to a corporate success. Now he heads a multi-million-pound company – and it’s all because off his passion for healthy eating.
(2)“When I arrived in Los Angeles I rented an apartment near the beach,” he remembers. “I was very English, very white and overweight. Everyone was focused on looking good and being healthy. There were juice bars that sold drink called smoothies and I loved them.”
(3)When he returned to Britain he found they weren’t available. “All you could find were cartons of apple and orange juice, I could see there was a real opportunity.”
(4)Cragoe sold his car, flat and investments and flew back to California. He returned with a cool box packed with frozen drinks and persuaded his friend, Patrick Folkes, to help him import and sell them.
(5)They found PJ Smoothies in 1994. Initially, the firm imported frozen smoothies from America, but the business grew quickly and they didn’t have a stock to meet demand. “Up to then we just imported the finished product,” Cragoe says. “If a store ordered 200 bottles we began defrosting.”
(6)In 1996 Cragoe decided to set up production in Britain. He found a factory side in Nottingham, equipped it and began production. Since then, PJ Smothies has gone from strength to strength. The company now is Britain’s market leader in the fresh drinks sector, controlling just under 50% of the market. Cragoe sells more than 250.000 drinks a week in summer to big supermarkets.
(7)There have been problems along the way. Cragoe lost $30.000 when his distributor went bankrupt, leaving him with hundreds of boxes of juice to distribute. But he has never lost confidence in his concept.
(8)“Most of all, you’ve got to have fun,” he says. “You must feel really passionate about what you’re doing.”
|
1.smoothie |
a. to make someone believe something by giving them a good reason |
|
2.passion |
b. one of the areas into which the economic activity of a country is divided |
|
3.rent |
c. a thick cold drink made from fruit, ice and often yogurt or ice cream |
|
4.carton |
d. a person or organization that supplies goods to shops and companies |
|
5.persuade |
e. to buy or bring in products from another country |
|
6.import |
f. to pay money for the use of a room |
|
7.equip |
g. a very powerful feeling |
|
8.sector |
h. having no money |
|
9.distributor |
i. to provide a place with objects that are necessary for a particular purpose |
|
10.bankrupt |
j. a container made from cardboard, in which milk or fruit juice is sold |
Bankrupt, distribute, sold, cool, equipped, order, set up
Snack 2U was a small firm that produced fresh snack foods and (1) ……………… them to shops and bars in that region. To (2) ……………… the snacks it used trucks which it (3) ……………… with refrigerators to keep food (4) ………………. The business was a success until one day a new producer (5) ……………… in the same area. It suggested a lower price. Shops started to (6) ……………… from the new company. Snacks 2U wasn’t able to compete and two months later it went (7) ………………. .
GRAMMAR
Present Perfect with for and since
Present Perfect употребляется для описания действия, которое началось в прошлом, длилось определенный момент и продолжается в момент речи или только что закончилось. При этом обязательно указывается либо весь период времени, в течение которого происходило действие, либо начальный момент этого периода. На русский язык обычно переводится настоящим временем (в отрицательных предложениях может переводиться прошедшим временем).
Для обозначения всего периода времени обычно используется предлог for в течение - for a few days в течение нескольких дней, for an hour в течение часа и т.п.
|
I have known her for years. |
Я знаю ее много лет. |
|
I’ve been a teacher for 15 years. |
Я преподаю в течение 15 лет. |
А для обозначения начальной точки отсчета с которой длится данный период употребляется предлог since - с, например:
|
I haven’t been here since 1990. |
Я не был здесь с 1990 года. |
В этом же значении употребляется союз since с тех пор как. При этом в главном предложении употребляется Present Perfect, а в придаточном предложении – Past Indefinite:
|
We have known each other since we were children. |
Мы знаем друг друга с тех пор, как мы были детьми. |
В вопросах о продолжительности периода действия обычно употребляются фразы how long сколько времени и since when с каких пор:
|
How long have you known him? |
Сколько времени ты знаешь его? |
|
Since when have you lived in London? |
С какого времени вы живете в Лондоне? |
Live/this city, study/English, know/your teacher, inflation/remain stable