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Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. The territory of Ukraine is 603.7 thousand sq kilometers. It is the largest whole-Europe country and the second largest country in Europe (after the European part of Russia, before metropolitan France). It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest. The city of Kiev (Kyiv) is both the capital and the largest city of Ukraine.
Ukraine is a unitary state composed of 24 oblasts (provinces), one autonomous republic (Crimea), and two cities with special status: Kiev, its capital, and Sevastopol, which houses the Russian Black Sea Fleet under a leasing agreement. The country is home to 46.1 million people, 77.8 percent of whom are ethnic Ukrainians, with sizable minorities. The Ukrainian language is the only official language in Ukraine, while Russian is also widely spoken. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
Ukraine is a presidential-parliamentary republic. Its power is divided into three branches – legislative, which includes the 450-seat unicameral parliament and the Verkhovna Rada, the function of which is to make laws, executive which is exercised by the President, who is elected by popular vote for a five-year term, and the Cabinet of Ministers, and judicial, which is administrated by the Constitutional Court and by courts of general Jurisdiction.
On August 24 1991, Ukraine proclaimed its independence. Nowadays, the President of Ukraine is Viktor Yanukovych, the Prime Minister is Mykola Azarov and the Speaker of the Parliament is Volodymyr Lytvyn.
95% of its area is flat and the rest of it is mountainous. The country's only mountains are the Carpathian Mountains in the west, of which the highest is the Hora Hoverla, and the Crimean Mountains but they are not very high. Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and it has many important ports. The major rivers of the state are the Dnieper, the Dniester, the Bug and others.
Ukraine’s climate is temperate continental, and subtropical at the southern coast of the Crimea. The mean temperature in January is 5°C and in July it is 20°C.
Due to its favorable climatic conditions, Ukraine is traditionally an agricultural country. It grows wheat, maize, buckwheat and other corn, vegetables, all kinds of fruit, melons and berries.
The country has rich deposits of natural resources, such as iron ore, coal, color metals, oil, gas, mineral salts, clay and potential water power. The country has a big metallurgical, machine-building, fuel and power base; it is the producer of chemical and agricultural raw materials. One of the most important branches of national economy is the power industry. Besides, Ukraine produces planes, cars, tractors, up-to-date instruments and equipment, computers and synthetic diamonds.
Ukraine produces nearly all types of transportation vehicles and spacecraft. Since independence, Ukraine has maintained its own space agency, the National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU).
The country imports most energy supplies, especially oil and natural gas, and to a large extent depends on Russia as its energy supplier. While 25 percent of the natural gas in Ukraine comes from internal sources, about 35 percent comes from Russia and the remaining 40 percent from Central Asia through transit routes that Russia controls.
Ukraine occupies 8th place in the world by the number of tourists visiting, according to the World Tourism Organization rankings.
Ukraine is one of the members of the United Nations Organization and participates in the work of many international organizations. The country has had a limited military partnership with Russia, other CIS countries and a partnership with NATO since 1994. In the 2000s, the government was leaning towards the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and a deeper cooperation with the alliance was set by the NATO-Ukraine Action Plan signed in 2002. It was later agreed that the question of joining NATO should be answered by a national referendum at some point in the future.