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THE NUMBER OF NOUNS
Nouns ending in: -s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z + es (glass-glasses, watch-watches, box-boxes)
When -o preceded by a consonant +es (tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes)
Nouns ending in –o of foreign origin +s (radio-radios, piano-pianos, kilo-kilos, photo-photos)
Nouns ending in -y proceeded by a consonant +ies (story-stories, country-countries, fly-flies )
Nouns ending in -y proceeded by a vowel +s (key-keys, boy-boys, day-days)
! Following nouns ending in –f, -fe change to -ves (wife-wives, life-lives, knife-knives, wolf-wolves, calf-calves, shelf-shelves, thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves).
Other nouns ending in –f, -fe take only -s (roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs, proof-proofs, safe-safes, belief-beliefs)
! Nouns which have both forms: scarf-scarfs/scarves, wharf-wharfs/wharves, hoof-hoofs/hooves, handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves.
Nouns that change the vowel: man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice, goose-geese, louse-lice
! Remember: child-children, brother-brotheren (not blood relations, members of the same society)
! Same form: a sheep-sheep, a swine-swine, a deer- deer, a fish- fish, a craft-craft, a counsel-counsel (legal adviser)
! Latin and Greek words: agendum-agenda, analysis-analyses, bacterium-bacteria, datum-data, phenomenon-phenomena, thesis-theses, curriculum-curriculums/curricula, formula- formulas/formulae
!!! postman-postmen, Englishman-Englishmen, father-in-law - fathers-in-law, passer-by – passers-by, woman doctor-women doctors…
Always singular: iron, copper, sand, bread, cheese, oil, wine, tea, chalk, generosity, curiosity, anger, poetry, fun, sculpture, progress, news, gallows, summons, physics, mathematics, optics, politics, ethics.
Always plural: trousers, pants, drawers, scissors, glasses, tongs, scales (=consist of two parts), billiards, cards, dominoes, thanks, clothes, goods, surroundings, savings, belongings, winnings, home-comings
Remember:
money- (singular) Ex: Money is not everything.
hair (singгlar)в значении «волосы» - meaning an entire growth of hairs, such as on the head
hairs(plural)-в значении «волоски». Ex: "There are hairs on your coat."
people - (plural)
person –(singular)