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Past (прошедшее время) |
Present (настоящее время) |
Future (будущее время) |
|
Simple / Indefinite |
Факт происхождения действия в прошлом. |
Действие, которое происходит с некоторой регулярностью. |
Действие, которое должно произойти в будущем. |
cooked |
cook / cooks |
will cook |
|
He cooked yesterday. |
He cooks dinner every Friday. |
He will cook tomorrow. |
|
yesterday вчера |
every morning / day / etc. каждое утро / каждый день / и т.д. |
tomorrow завтра |
|
Continuous / Progressive |
Действие, которое происходит в указанный момент в прошлом (как правило, выраженный другим действием в форме Simple Past). |
Действие, которое происходит сейчас. |
Действие, которое будет происходить через некоторое время в будущем, в какой-либо указанный момент. |
was / were cooking |
am / is / are cooking |
will be cooking |
|
He was cooking when the phone rang. |
He is cooking now. |
He will be cooking when you come. |
|
while в то время, как |
now сейчас |
when когда |
|
Perfect |
Действие, которое завершилось до другого действия в прошлом, или до момента в прошлом. |
Действие, которое произошло в какой-то неуказанный момент в прошлом, и эффект которого, зачастую, имеется в настоящем. |
Действие, которое завершится до другого действия в будущем, или до момента в будущем. |
had cooked |
has / have cooked |
will have cooked |
|
He had cooked the dinner when the phone rang. |
He has cooked many dishes. |
He will have cooked dinner by the time you come. |
|
Past Perfect |
Present Perfect |
Future Perfect |
|
before раньше |
until now до настоящего момента |
by the time you go (somewhere) к тому времени, как ты пойдешь (куда-либо) |
|
Perfect Continuous / Perfect Progressive |
Действие, которое происходило в течение периода времени до другого действия в прошлом, или до момента в прошлом. |
Действие, которое началось в прошлом, и которое происходит в течение некоторого периода времени, и продолжается в настоящем. |
Действие, которое начнется в будущем, и которое будет происходить в течение некоторого периода времени до другого действия в будущем, или момента в будущем. |
had been cooking |
has / have been cooking |
will have been cooking |
|
He had been cooking for a long time before he took lessons. |
He has been cooking for over an hour. |
He will have been cooking all day by the time she gets home. |
|
Past Perfect Continuous |
Present Perfect Continuous |
Future Perfect Continuous |
|
before раньше |
for the past year / month / etc. в течение последнего года / месяца / и т.д. |
by the time к тому времени |
Simple
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I run. |
I do not run. |
Do I run? |
2 |
You run. |
You do not run. |
Do you run? |
|
3 |
He runs. |
He does not run. |
Does he run? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You run. |
You do not run. |
Do you run? |
2 |
We run. |
We do not run. |
Do we run? |
|
3 |
They run. |
They do not run. |
Do they run? |
Если существительное в третьем лице единственном числе заканчивается на один из следующих звуков: [s], [z], [sh], [ch], [ʤ] или [ts], то к таким существительным в положительной форме добавляется окончание -es, а не -s:
He / She / It rushes.
He / She / It misses.
He / She / It buzzes.
Simple Present модальных глаголов образуется не по общим правилам.
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I should go. |
I should not go. |
Should I go? |
2 |
You should go. |
You should not go. |
Should you go? |
|
3 |
He should go. |
He should not go. |
Should he go? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You should go. |
You should not go. |
Should you go? |
2 |
We should go. |
We should not go. |
Should we go? |
|
3 |
They should go. |
They should not go. |
Should they go? |
Большинство глаголов спрягаются прибавлением окончания -ed, как рассмотренный ниже глагол wait.
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I waited. |
I did not wait. |
Did I wait? |
2 |
You waited. |
You did not wait. |
Did you wait? |
|
3 |
He waited. |
He did not wait. |
Did he wait? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You waited. |
You did not wait. |
Did you wait? |
2 |
We waited. |
We did not wait. |
Did we wait? |
|
3 |
They waited. |
They did not wait. |
Did they wait? |
Многие глаголы, как, например, have, в Simple Past принимают неправильные формы. Обратите внимание, что неправильные формы глаголов используются только в утвердительных предложения, в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях Simple Past образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола did.
Например:
I / We / They came. I / We / They did not come. Did I / we / they come?
He / She / It wrote. He / She / It did not write. Did he / she / it write?
Форма Will
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I will help. |
I will not help. |
will I help? |
2 |
You will help. |
You will not help. |
Will you help? |
|
3 |
He will help. |
He will not help. |
Will he help? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You will help. |
You will not help. |
Will you help? |
2 |
We shall / will help. |
We shall / will not help. |
Will / shall we help? |
|
3 |
They will help. |
They will not help. |
Will they help? |
Обратите внимание, что в современном английском языке вспомогательный глагол shall для образования будущего времени не используется и в разговорном языке является в некотором роде архаичным. Чаще всего shall используется в формальной или деловой речи.
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I am speaking. |
I am not speaking. |
Am I speaking? |
2 |
You are speaking. |
You are not speaking. |
Are you speaking? |
|
3 |
He is speaking. |
He is not speaking. |
Is he speaking? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You are speaking. |
You are not speaking. |
Are you speaking? |
2 |
We are speaking. |
We are not speaking. |
Are we speaking? |
|
3 |
They are speaking. |
They are not speaking. |
Are they speaking? |
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I was singing. |
I was not singing. |
Was I singing? |
2 |
You were singing. |
You were not singing. |
Were you singing? |
|
3 |
He was singing. |
He was not singing. |
Was he singing? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You were singing. |
You were not singing. |
Were you singing? |
2 |
We were singing. |
We were not singing. |
Were we singing? |
|
3 |
They were singing. |
They were not singing. |
Were they singing? |
Правила образования "-ing"-формы глагола и изменения, которые при этом происходят на письме, смотрите в разделе причастие настоящего времени.
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I will be waiting. |
I will not be waiting. |
Will I be waiting? |
2 |
You will be waiting. |
You will not be waiting. |
Will you be waiting? |
|
3 |
He will be waiting. |
He will not be waiting. |
Will he be waiting? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You will be waiting. |
You will not be waiting. |
Will you be waiting? |
2 |
We will be waiting. |
We shall / will not be waiting. |
Will we be waiting? |
|
3 |
They will be waiting. |
They will not be waiting. |
Will they be waiting? |
Perfect
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I have traveled. |
I have not traveled. |
Have I traveled? |
2 |
You have traveled. |
You have not traveled. |
Have you traveled? |
|
3 |
He has traveled. |
He has not traveled. |
Has he traveled? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You have traveled. |
You have not traveled. |
Have you traveled? |
2 |
We have traveled. |
We have not traveled. |
Have we traveled? |
|
3 |
They have traveled. |
They have not traveled. |
Have they traveled? |
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I had finished. |
I had not finished. |
Had I finished? |
2 |
You had finished. |
You had not finished. |
Had you finished? |
|
3 |
He had finished. |
He had not finished. |
Had he finished? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You had finished. |
You had not finished. |
Had you finished? |
2 |
We had finished. |
We had not finished. |
Had we finished? |
|
3 |
They had finished. |
They had not finished. |
Had they finished? |
Для форм неправильных глаголов смотрите третью колонку (колонку причастия прошедшего времени) в списке неправильных глаголов
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I shall / will have stopped. |
I shall / will not have stopped. |
Shall / will I have stopped? |
2 |
You will have stopped. |
You will not have stopped. |
Will you have stopped? |
|
3 |
He will have stopped. |
He will not have stopped. |
Will he have stopped? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You will have stopped. |
You will not have stopped. |
Will you have stopped? |
2 |
We shall / will have stopped. |
We shall / will not have stopped. |
Will / shall we have stopped? |
|
3 |
They will have stopped. |
They will not have stopped. |
Will they have stopped? |
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I have been sleeping. |
I have not been sleeping. |
Have I been sleeping? |
2 |
You have been sleeping. |
You have not been sleeping. |
Have you been sleeping? |
|
3 |
He has been sleeping. |
He has not been sleeping. |
Has he been sleeping? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You have been sleeping. |
You have not been sleeping. |
Have you been sleeping? |
2 |
We have been sleeping. |
We have not been sleeping. |
Have we been sleeping? |
|
3 |
They have been sleeping. |
They have not been sleeping. |
Have they been sleeping? |
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I had been listening. |
I had not been listening. |
Had I been listening? |
2 |
You had been listening. |
You had not been listening. |
Had you been listening? |
|
3 |
He had been listening. |
He had not been listening. |
Had he been listening? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You had been listening. |
You had not been listening. |
Had you been listening? |
2 |
We had been listening. |
We had not been listening. |
Had we been listening? |
|
3 |
They had been listening. |
They had not been listening. |
Had they been listening? |
Число |
Лицо |
Положительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
един. |
1 |
I shall / will have been sleeping. |
I shall / will not have been sleeping. |
Shall / will I have been sleeping? |
2 |
You will have been sleeping. |
You will not have been sleeping. |
Will you have been sleeping? |
|
3 |
He will have been sleeping. |
He will not have been sleeping. |
Will he have been sleeping? |
|
множ. |
1 |
You will have been sleeping. |
You will not have been sleeping. |
Will you have been sleeping? |
2 |
We shall / will have been sleeping. |
We shall / will not have been sleeping. |
Will / shall we have been sleeping? |
|
3 |
They will have been sleeping. |
They will not have been sleeping. |
Will they have been sleeping? |