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Ekaterina Krenova 9D
30 April 2012
Essay on “How successful has the U.N. been?”
Essay
“How successful has the U.N. been?”
So, the first we need to know what is it U.N. .
The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. It is so organized as to be able to function continuously, and a representative of each of its members must be present at all times at United Nations Headquarters. On 31 January 1992, the first ever Summit Meeting of the Council was convened at Headquarters, attended by Heads of State and Government of 13 of its 15 members and by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the remaining two. The Council may meet elsewhere than at Headquarters; in 1972, it held a session in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the following year in Panama City, Panama.
When a complaint concerning a threat to peace is brought before it, the Council's first action is usually to recommend to the parties to try to reach agreement by peaceful means. In some cases, the Council itself undertakes investigation and mediation. It may appoint special representatives or request the Secretary-General to do so or to use his good offices. It may set forth principles for a peaceful settlement.
When a dispute leads to fighting, the Council's first concern is to bring it to an end as soon as possible. On many occasions, the Council has issued cease-fire directives which have been instrumental in preventing wider hostilities. It also sends United Nations peace-keeping forces to help reduce tensions in troubled areas, keep opposing forces apart and create conditions of calm in which peaceful settlements may be sought. The Council may decide on enforcement measures, economic sanctions (such as trade embargoes) or collective military action.
A Member State against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. A Member State which has persistently violated the principles of the Charter may be expelled from the United Nations by the Assembly on the Council's recommendation.
A State which is a Member of the United Nations but not of the Security Council may participate, without a vote, in its discussions when the Council considers that that country's interests are affected. Both Members of the United Nations and non-members, if they are parties to a dispute being considered by the Council, are invited to take part, without a vote, in the Council's discussions; the Council sets the conditions for participation by a non-member State.
Under the Charter, the functions and powers of the Security Council are:
So, in fact it has been successful in reducing the number of wars since its creation. U.N is the only hope to resolve interstate conflicts. The reason why is U.N not as effective as people would expect is simply some nations ignore the rule. U.N doesn't have its own military to enforce the law, it relies back on the powerful nations which they themselves are part of the problem. For instance take a look at Nuclear Problem. Five nations that posses these deadly weapons are the security council. They are not willing to get rid of their nukes while pushing others to restrain from such a weapons. Another example U.N didn't allow U.S invasion of Iraq but the USGOV ignored the rules. Russia in 2008 attacked Georgia violating International laws. China is another human rights violator. No political freedom and killing innocents Tibetans. So when these powerful nations are violating the laws, what one can expect from others. All goals can`t be achieved due to power politics played by the veto wielding countries. But UN has done a long work to reduce the difficulties of conflict and disaster ridden people. WHO, UNDP, UNHCR are doing a great job in the war ravaged countries of Asia and Africa. UN can`t solve all the conflicts solely there are vested interests of big powers in almost all the conflicts around the world but the role played by the UN in the Missions worldwide can`t be ignore. Liberia, Bosnia, Kosovo, East Tambour, Sudan, Darfur are a few examples. UN is the first to respond to any humanitarian crisis. And US not the only contributor. EU counters and Chine, Japan etc. are also among those to contribute generously.
And in the end I think that UN has been successful.