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UNIT 3
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA. HARVARD.
1. Lead-in
1.1 Look at the pictures and say which one shows the University of Louisiana at Lafayette (ULL), Harvard and the Northern Virginia Criminal Justice Training Academy (NVCJA)?
Model: ULL is on the (left, right, middle) picture.
1.2 Think and guess which institution
– boasts fourty Nobel laureates;
Model: I suppose that Harvard ___________________.
1.3 Listen and match the pictures with the description of the education institution. Check your answers.
1.4 Copy and complete the table. Look at your notes and talk about each institution of higher education.
|
Official title |
Foundation date |
Location |
Mission |
Teaching staff |
Students (trainees) |
2. Topical vocabulary
2.1 Listen and pronounce the following words and expressions after the speaker
Major – специальность, профилирующий предмет
Curriculum – учебный план
Campus – территория учебного заведения
Nursing – профессия среднего медицинского персонала
Minister – священник
Estate – усадьба
Defensive tactics – оборонительная тактика
Club – дубинка
Handcuffing – надевать наручники
Simulated environment – смоделированная обстановка
Communication/firearms/driving skills –навыки общения/стрельбы/вождения
To boast – гордиться, отличаться, хвастаться
To suppose – предполагать
To believe – полагать, думать, верить
To consider – считать, рассматривать
To guess – догадываться, предполагать
To do one’s best – делать все возможное
To listen to a lecture on – слушать лекцию по
To take notes of – делать записи, составлять конспект
To make a presentation – провести презентацию
To practice skills – применять навыки
To use a weapon – применять оружие
To drive a patrol police car – водить патрульную полицейскую машину
To give first aid– оказать первую помощь
To direct traffic – регулировать дорожное движение
To testify in court – свидетельствовать в суде
To process a crime scene – осматривать место преступления
To communicate with – общаться с
To conduct vehicle traffic stop – проводить остановку транспортного средства
To conduct a building search/ a prisoner search – произвести осмотр помещения /личный досмотр арестованного
To threaten – угрожать
2.2 Match the following verbs with nouns
|
to conduct |
notes |
|
to listen to |
traffic |
|
to give |
in court |
|
to take |
vehicle traffic stop |
|
to direct |
a patrol police car |
|
to testify |
a building search |
|
to drive |
a weapon |
|
to practice |
skills |
|
to conduct |
first aid |
|
to use |
a lecture |
2.3 Look through the following expressions and think which of them would characterize the education process of a university student and a law enforcement trainee. Fill in the table with the expressions from the list.
To communicate with the public; to make a presentation; to conduct a building search; to take notes; to give first aid; to listen to a lecture; to process a crime scene; to practice firearms skills; to direct traffic; to testify in court; to attend classes; to serve; to research; to use a weapon; to practice defensive tactics; to go to a library; to learn concepts and laws; to write an essay; to solve a problem.
|
University Student |
Law Enforcement Trainee |
2.4 Comment on your choice of the expressions characterizing the education process of a university student and a law enforcement trainee.
Model: I suppose (believe, consider, think) that a university student learns to___________________.
2.5 Watch the video about the training course at the NVCJA and say what policeman's skills they are trained for.
2.6 Translate into English the words in brackets and read the NVCJA Executive Director William C. O’Toole comments to the video.
In addition to (стрельбе) and driver's training, (первой помощи) and (навыкам общения) the trainees are also taught to:
(проводить остановку транспортных средств), (регулировать дорожное движение), testify in court, (осматривать место преступления), conduct building searches and (личный досмотр арестованного). We pay great attention to physical fitness training (running, push-ups, sit-ups, pull-ups, cross-fit training, obstacle course).The (оборонительная тактика) such as weapons defense (knife and club), handcuffing, ground-fighting (how to escape an attack) are also in our (учебном плане). A lot of time is spent to (применять навыки) in a (смоделированной обстановке) after the trainees have learned the (навыки), concepts, and (законы) in the classroom.
And, of course, the most dramatic method is when we spray the (слушателей) with pepper spray. Not to cause them pain, but to demonstrate that they can still successfully recover and deal with a life-threatening situation if they, themselves are sprayed or come in contact with a prisoner that another officer has sprayed.
3. Grammar
PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE)
действие как факт (often, seldom, always, usually...)
|
Active |
Passive |
|
V/Vs I ask (я спрашиваю) He asks (он спрашивает) |
Be + Ved/V3 I am asked (меня спрашивают) He is asked (его спрашивают) |
Present Indefinite Active
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I We He |
I we Do + you they +V he Does + she it |
I We She +does (doesn't) It |
Present Indefinite Passive
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I am He |
Am I He She is |
I He It +Ved/V3 We You were They |
3.1You are reporting about the research on US universities. An American exchange student agrees with you.
Model:
Cadet: Colleges and universities provide higher education in the USA.
Student: I think (suppose, guess, believe, consider, am sure) you are right. Colleges and universities provide higher education in the USA.
Cadet: Half of all secondary school graduates enter colleges and universities.
Student:____________________________ .
Cadet: Each year three million students graduate from US high schools.
A big number of them apply to universities and colleges.
Only about one million of school graduates are admitted to universities.
80 percent of the college students attend public institutions.
The executive head of a college or a university is called the president.
Members of the faculty hold academic ranks.
Students study four or five major subjects per year.
If a student fails a course, he repeats only that course.
A college or university grants a bachelor’s, master’s or doctorate degree.
3.2 A university student does not have any idea about a law enforcement training Academy. Correct his statements.
Model:
Student: I think the Academy prepares trainees for careers in the court system.
Cadet: I believe (suppose, guess, think, consider, am sure) you are wrong. The Academy doesn’t prepare trainees for careers in court system. It prepares trainees to serve in law enforcement, corrections, court security.
Student: I think the course of training at the Academy lasts for four years.
Cadet:________________________________.
Student: I believe the Police Academy consists of many colleges.
I am sure each trainee attends foreign language classes.
I guess the curriculum provides liberal arts education.
I suppose the Academy grants a degree.
I believe each trainee discusses his essay with the tutor once a week.
Model:
Student: I believe classes at the Academy start at 9 in the morning.
Cadet: I think you are wrong. Classes at the Academy don’t start at 9.They start at 6 in the morning.
Student:
I think that trainees of US regional academies live in dormitories.
I know the trainees learn only law enforcement skills.
I suppose they deal mainly with physical fitness training.
I consider they pay tuition.
I am sure that during course of their studies the trainees spend most of the time in the libraries.
Model:
Student: I guess most of the time the trainees are taught in lecture halls.
Cadet: I suppose you are wrong. The trainees are not taught in lecture halls most of the time. They are also taught in a simulated environment.
Student: I know that only male applicants are admitted to the Academy. Cadet:________________________________.
Student:
I am sure the US police academies are headed by Presidents.
I believe the trainees are taught mainly by professors.
I think law enforcement education in the USA is provided by universities.
I guess the trainees are given scholarships.
I suppose the trainees are tested only at the end of the course.
I know that they are trained in firearms most of the time.
3.3 Place the words in the appropriate order to make sentences.
a) 1,000 majors / colleges / offer /and / universities / American / more than
b) educational / funding /The government / programs / federal /provides / for
c) American / apply / When / the university?/ high school /do /graduates / to
d) Graduate school / consists / colleges / The ULL / of / nine / and
e) schools / charge / American / not / tuition /public /do
f) a “Flagship Academy”/ The Academy / named / is / and / reaccredited
g) languages / offered / the trainees / Foreign / not / are / to
h) energy / computing / The ULL / highly / environment / ranked in / is / nursing
i) have / system / The / not / national / a / school / United States / does
j) courses / In-Service / their / Veteran officers / law enforcement training / through / and / Command Staff / training / continue / their
k) year? / enforcement / many / are / How / each / offered /topics / law
l) courses / field / College / do / only / major / not / students / take / in.
m)“Electives”/ required /by /courses / are / not / chosen / the student /that /are / but
n) the Academy / eLearning / programs?/ web-based / Does / provide /and/ training
3.4 Open the brackets putting the verbs in the appropriate tense-form.
Harvard University (belong / belongs) to Ivy League Universities which are elite and most prestigious in the USA and (groups / are grouped / is grouped) according to certain characteristics. Some institutions (call / calls / are called) “Public Ivies”. A “Public Ivy” is a state-assisted institution which (offer / is offered /offers) a superior education at a cost far below that of Ivy League schools.
The term “Ivy League” (associates / is associated /associate) with eight elite institutions of higher education, which ( is known / knows / are known / know) as the oldest in the nation (e.g. Columbia University, Princeton University, Yale University). All of the institutions ( locate / are located / locates) in the north-east of the United States.
They ( are provided / provide / provides) excellent education and (attracts/ attract /are attracted) upper-class students and faculty. Moreover they constantly (place / are placed / places) at the top of all rankings by famous editions. Another characteristic of these universities is that they are privately owned.
3.5 Guess and fill in the missing questions!
a) _____________________________
Yes, all US states require young people to attend school.
b) _____________________________
Yes, every state has its own university.
c) _____________________________
A university typically comprises several colleges, graduate programs, one or more professional schools (e.g. a law school) and research facilities.
d) _____________________________
Yes, Americans often use the word “college” for either a college or a university.
e) ______________________________
Students study four or five major subjects per year.
f) _______________________________
The University of Louisiana at Lafayette is situated in the city of Lafayette – the heart of Cajun Country.
g) _______________________________
Students are classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors.
h) _______________________________
Besides classroom activities, young police officers deal with Officer Safety Training, skills of self-defense and intensive physical training.
i) _______________________________
Only a third year student begins an intensive study of his major.
j) _______________________________
Undergraduate teaching in Oxford is centered on the tutorial system.
3.6 Transform (where possible) the statements from active into passive.
a) Making a decision takes a lot of time. When you choose your path after high school graduation, you ask many questions. You discuss the problem of a university choice with your friends, relatives and teachers. As a rule they consider many factors for example: tuition and quality of the faculty. As for the university, it also examines your papers such as: the results of the SAT, recommendations, personal qualities.
b) Since 1974, they divide the College of Liberal Arts into the College of Arts, Humanities and Behavioral Sciences and the College of Biological, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. At present the college provides 15 programs in communication, communicative disorders, criminal justice, English, history and geography, modern languages, philosophy, political science, psychology, sociology and anthropology. Bachelor's degrees are offered in these areas. The criminal justice department offers an associate of science degree. The departments of English, history, modern languages, communicative disorders and psychology offer master's degrees. The English department also awards doctoral degrees and the college grants one of only three doctorates in Francophone Studies in the world.
3.7 Find 9 mistakes in the text and correct them in written form.
The Academy staff consist of highly skilled and dedicated law enforcement trainers who is committed to providing the highest quality training to police personnel. The Academy provide training in both basic recruit classes and for ongoing career development for veteran officers, supervisors, and commanders. The recruit basic training program last for 20-24 weeks and are consist of a wide variety of training topics. These topics are include instruction in patrol topics, investigations, corrections, forensics, traffic, Constitutional and Criminal law, use of force, terrorism, defensive tactics, physical fitness, ethics, and leadership. 20 instructors assigned to the academy as instructional staff for 3-year intervals. A teaching position at the Academy are highly prestigious. Once assigned, each staff member provided additional training to improve the basis of his or her knowledge.
4. Speaking
4.1 Listen to the dialogue and read it in roles.
At the Campus Cafe
Applicant: Excuse me, do you study at this university?
Student: Yes, I do.
A: The fact is that I hope to enter this university, so I’d like to learn more about it.
S: I am glad to be a student here.
A: Why? What do you like about the university?
S: In my opinion, it’s a great university to study at, because it has a long teaching history. Many famous people graduated from it. The President and the faculty really do their best to educate students.
A: What is your major, by the way?
S: Criminal Justice. I want to be a lawyer.
A: Oh! So do I. How long does the complete course last?
S: About six years.
A: How do you learn to become a lawyer?
S: First of all we listen to lectures and take notes, attend classes and seminars.
We spend much time in the library and at the Computer Center.
A: I guess you have many different assignments, don’t you?
S: You are right. Every week we write essays in English classes. We make presentations, work at research projects etc.
A: I see it takes much time and hard work to become a lawyer.
S: There is no doubt about it.
4.2 Reconstruct the dialogue translating Russian expressions into English.
Applicant: Извините, Вы учитесь в этом университете?
Student: Yes, I do.
A: The fact is that я надеюсь поступить в этот университет, so I’d like to learn more about it.
S: Я рад быть студентом здесь.
A: Why? What do you like about the university?
S: По моему мнению, it’s a great university to study at, because it has a long teaching history. Многие известные люди окончили его. The President and the преподавательский состав really делают все возможное, to educate students.
A: What is your специальность, by the way?
S: Уголовное судопроизводство. Я хочу быть юристом.
A: Oh! So do I. Сколько времени длится полный курс?
S: About six years.
A: Как вы учитесь to become a lawyer?
S: First of all мы слушаем лекции и записываем, посещаем занятия и семинары. Мы проводим много времени в библиотеке and at the Computer Center.
A: Я полагаю you have many different assignments, don’t you?
S: You are right. Every week мы пишем эссе на занятиях по английскому языку. Мы делаем презентации, работаем над исследовательскими проектами и т.д.
A: I see требуется много времени and hard work to become a lawyer.
S: There is no doubt about it.
4.3 Reproduce the dialogue reconstructing the student’s part.
At the Campus Cafe
Applicant: Excuse me, do you study at this university?
Student:
A: The fact is that I hope to enter this university, so I’d like to learn more about it.
S:
A: Why? What do you like about the university?
S:
A: What is your major, by the way?
S:
A: Oh! So do I. How long does the complete course last?
S:
A: How do you learn to become a lawyer?
S:
A: I guess you have many different assignments, don’t you?
S:
A: I see it takes much time and hard work to become a lawyer.
S:
4.5 Add to the dialogue some words and expressions from the Units 1 and 2 and act it out.
4.6 Compose and act out the dialogues in the following situations.
– Your friend was granted a bachelor’s degree in one of the USA universities. Ask him about the university and the typical way of studying there.
– Ask the NVCJA trainee about details of the course there.
– An American professor will conduct Criminal Justice courses for your group. Before classes he wants to introduce himself, his university and answer your questions.
5.6 Reading and Vocabulary
Before reading
5.1 Read and translate some international words: college, university, collection, specialize in, private, public, percent, student, institution, president, various, professor, faculty, academic, instructor, instruction, aspect, course, classify, bachelor, master, professional, agriculture, dentistry, engineering, medicine, focus on, specialized training.
5.2 Learn new words for reading the text. Look through the text below, find the sentences with these words and translate them into Russian.
the latter – последний
to specialize in – специализироваться в чем-либо
to support – содержать, поддерживать
to govern – управлять
board of regents – регентский совет
board of trustees – опекунский совет
executive head – исполнительный глава
to take up – принимать
to be headed by – возглавляться
dean – декан
subject matter– предмет, тема
to designate – назначать
instructor – преподаватель
assistant professor – старший преподаватель
associate professor – доцент
major subjects – основные предметы
to work hard at – упорно работать над
to fail – провалить (экзамен)
freshman – студент первого курса
sophomore – студент второго курса
junior – студент третьего курса
senior – студент выпускного курса
to grant a degree – присваивать степень
to pursue – заниматься, продолжать
liberal arts – гуманитарные науки
to require – требовать
5.3 Change the underlined expressions for synonymous ones from the above word list.
a) Students who do not pass exams may repeat the course.
b) The ULL is famous for its research in humanities.
c) Students of all specialties consider English classes very important for their profession. That is why they spend much time at the assignments.
d) Colleges are usually managed by a board of trustees.
e) First-year students often live in dormitories.
f) During the four-year higher education program, they study four or five main subjects per year.
g) Professional law education is conducted in professional schools.
h) The NVCJA boasts a number of experienced lectures.
5.4 Find the word that should not be in the line.
a) third-year student, freshman, dean, sophomore, junior, senior;
b) to make a presentation, to take notes, to listen to a lecture, to govern, to attend classes, to write an essay;
c) instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, tutor, minister;
d) to apply to, to admit, to enroll, to enter, to boast, to study, to graduate from;
e) to study nursing, to use a weapon, to drive a patrol police car, to give first aid, to direct traffic, to testify in court, to process a crime scene;
5.5 Think and answer.
– What is the difference between a college and a university in the USA?
– Whom is a university headed by?
– What is the peculiarity of an American university education?
5.6 Listen to the text read by Virginia Martin from the University of Wisconsin. Try to understand as many details as possible.
Text: Higher Education in the USA
Higher Education in the USA is provided by colleges and universities. The main difference between a college and a university is that the latter is a collection of colleges each of which specializes in different field.
American colleges and universities are either private or public. Any year, about 12 million Americans are enrolled in the over 3000 colleges and universities. It is stated that half of all secondary school graduates enter colleges and universities. Close to 80 percent of the college students attend public institutions, while a little over 20 percent are enrolled in privately supported universities and colleges. Both colleges and universities are usually governed by a board of regents or a board of trustees.
The executive head of a college or a university is called the president. The various colleges or schools which make up a university are headed by deans. Within a school or college there may be departments according to subject matter fields, each of which may be headed by a professor who is designated as department head or chairman. Other members of the faculty hold academic ranks, such as instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and professor.
During the four-year higher school program, students study four or five major subjects per year. In addition they usually have classes in Sports, Music and Art. The first and second year students work hard at different aspects of English. They also take courses in Logic, Critical Thinking, Computer Science etc. Only a third year student begins an intensive study of his special field. If a student fails a course, he repeats only that course and not the work of the entire year.
Students are classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors. All students who have graduated from the senior class and who continue studies at a university are called graduate students. At the conclusion of studies a college or university grants a bachelor’s degree; after one or two additional years of study – a master’s degree. The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
Professional education in fields such as agriculture, dentistry, law, engineering, medicine, teaching etc. is pursued in professional schools, which focus their instruction on a single profession. As a rule two, three, or four years of pre-professional liberal arts education are required before admission to a professional school. Three to five years of specialized training lead to professional degrees such as Doctor of Medicine, Bachelor of Law etc.
5.7. Find English equivalents to the following word-combinations:
собрание колледжей, или… или, поступать в университет, немногим более чем, как… так и, разнообразные колледжи, кафедры, заведующий кафедрой, штат (сотрудники), четырех летняя программа обучения в высшей школе, в год, критическое мышление, дополнительные годы учебы, стоматология, предпрофессиональное обучение.
After reading
5.8 Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
a) A university is a collection of colleges each of which specializes in different field.
b) Colleges and universities are usually governed by presidents.
c) Usually freshmen work hard at their major subjects.
d) There are over 3000 colleges and universities in the USA.
e) If a student fails a course, he studies another one which is not so difficult for him.
5.9 Answer the questions
– How many colleges and universities are there in the USA?
– How many students are usually enrolled?
– Do they attend only private institutions?
– Who conducts classes at colleges and universities?
–What subjects do the students work at?
– How are the first (second, third, fourth) year students classified?
– What degrees does a university grant?
– What is required for admission to a professional school?
6. Activity
Learn the rules of making presentations1 and prepare one about any US institution of higher education.
1 Варлакова Т.В., Веретенникова А.Е. Речевая коммуникация в деятельности сотрудника правоохранительных органов: учебное пособие. – Омск: Омская академия МВД России, 2010. – С. 63.