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UNIT XXVI. EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
1. Read, transcribe and memorize the following words and expressions.
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to attend |
Відвідувати |
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to transfer |
переводити (по роботі, навчанню) |
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all-inclusive |
Комплексний |
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attainment |
досягнення, pl. кваліфікація |
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bewildering |
Складний |
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curricula |
курс навчання; навчальний план |
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community |
суспільство, громада, община |
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to subdivide |
Підрозділяти |
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infant school |
дитячий садок; ясла |
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improvement |
поліпшення; удосконалення |
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to admit |
Визнавати, допускати |
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to prescribe |
пропонувати, рекомендувати |
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governor |
член правління |
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junior school |
початкова школа (для дітей 7- 11 років; в Англії е Уельсі) |
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to abolish |
скасовувати; покласти кінець (чому-небудь) |
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provision |
постачання, забезпечення |
2. Read and translate the following texts.
Education in Britain is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5-16. About 93 percent of all children are educated in state schools and the rest attend private schools.
Schoolchildren attend a primary school for 6 years (5 to 11 years). When students transfer to Secondary School at the age of 11, they do not take any examination, but their reports are sent on from the Primary School.
Most children – over 80 percent – go to a comprehensive school. "Comprehensive" means all-inclusive. They admit pupils of all abilities. Pupils in all state in schools in England and Wales study 10 main subjects, among them: English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography, Art, Music, Physical Education, Information Technology. Religious education is also taught. Attainment tests are given at the ages of 7, 11 and 14.
At the age of 16 students sit the exams in as many subjects as possible. Weak students may only sit for three or four subjects. Better students take ten subjects. At the age of 16 about two thirds of these pupils leave school and get jobs. About one-third stay on at school until the age of 18, preparing themselves for higher education.
More ambitious pupils continue to study in the 6th form. They stay on at school for one or two years to prepare themselves for university. They have only three or four main subjects, which are necessary to pass the advanced level exams at the age of 18. The school year is divided into three terms with the intervals between them during Christmas and Easter holidays lasting about two weeks each and summer holiday which is usually six weeks long. All kinds of out-of-class activities are part of school life in Britain. Most schools have very good libraries which students use for reference work.
The educational system of G.B. is extremely complex and bewildering. It is very difficult to generalize particular types of schools as schools differ from one to the other. The department of education and science is responsible for national educational policy, but it doesn't employ teacher or prescribe curricula or text books.
Each school has it's own board of governors consisting of teachers, parents, local politicians, members of local community, businessmen and sometimes pupils. According to the law only one subject is compulsory. It is religious instruction.
Schooling for children is compulsory from 5 to 16, though some provision is made for children under 5 and some pupils remain at school after 16 to prepare for higher education.
The state school system is usually divided into 2 stages (secondary and primary).The majority of primary schools are mixed. They are subdivided into infant schools (ages 5 to 7),and junior schools (ages 7 to11). In junior schools pupils were often placed in A,B,C or D-streams, according to their abilities. Under the pressure of progressive parents and teachers the 11+ examination has now been abolished in most parts of the country. There are several types of schools in G.B. Grammar schools provide an academical cause for selected pupils from the age of 11 to 18. Only those children who have the best results are admitted to these schools. They give pupils a high level of academic education which can lead to the university.
Technical Schools offer a general education with a technical bias and serve those pupils who are more mechanically minded. The curriculum includes more lessons of science and mathematics. Secondary modern schools were formed to provide a non-academic education for children of lesser attainment. The curriculum includes more practical subjects. Comprehensive schools bring about a general improvement in the system of secondary education.
3. Put 10 questions to the texts and make a plan to each of them.
4. Match the words in the left-hand column with their Ukrainian equivalents in the right-hand column.
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comparable higher education courses |
покривати витрати на навчання |
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to cover tuition |
зазнати значного розширення |
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to offer courses |
мати свободу вибору під час навчання |
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to combine lectures with practical classes |
вступати до вищих навчальних закладів з відривом від виробництва |
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degree courses |
значний обсяг післяшкільної освіти |
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to be responsible to governing body |
відповідні курси, що дають вищу освіту |
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to enjoy academic freedom |
поєднувати лекції з практичними заняттями |
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to enter full-time higher education |
пропонувати навчальні курси |
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to experience a dramatic expansion |
ступеневі навчальні курси |
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a considerable amount of post - school education |
бути підпорядкованим керівному органові |
5. Use the word combinations given in Ex. IV in the sentences of your own.
6. Complete the following sentences.
1. The post-school education is carried on in ... . 2. Higher education, consisting of degree and equivalent courses, has experienced ... . 3. Every University is autonomous and responsible to ... . 4. University teaching combines ... . 5. Universities offer courses in a ... . 6. The government encourages young people to ... . 7. Parents also contribute the amount ... .
7. Say if the following statements are right or wrong.
1. Part-time and full-time studies are carried on only at Universities . 2. British higher education consists of degree and equivalent courses. 3. The number of higher education students has increased recently. 4. Every University is autonomous and responsible to its government body. 5. There are great difference between various Universities. 6. University degree are generally being taken for four years. 7. Lectures and practical classes are traditional for teaching at Oxford and Cambridge. 8. First degree courses are both full-time and part-time. 9. Universities offer courses in a broad range of academic and vocational subjects. 10. All students on first degree receive government grant. 11. Students can take out loans to help pay their maintenance costs.
8. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary.
1. There is a demand ... a better and more democratic system ... education ... Great Britain. 2. The students of all the groups are responsible ... their dean. 3. The regulations differ ... university ... university ... Great Britain. 4. Our institute is divided ... various departments. 5. Our university degree courses are taken ... four or five years ... Ukraine. 6. The students were speaking ... their forthcoming exams. 7. Women as well as men have equal rights ... education ... our country.
9. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the system of higher education in Great Britain? 2. What does higher education consist of? 3. What can you say about the increase of higher education students’ number? 4. How many Universities are there in Great Britain at present? 5. Who is every university responsible to? 6. For how many years are university degree courses taken? 7. What does university teaching combine? 8. Where is a traditional feature of Cambridge and Oxford? 9. How many years do first degree courses last? 10. What courses does University offer? 11. Who does the government encourage? 12. Why does the government encourage young people? 13. What do students on first degree receive? 14. What do parents contribute? 15. What can students take out to help pay their maintenance costs?