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Unit 15
Automated assembly machines
Vocabulary
labour content – трудоёмкость
to satisfy the conditions – соответствовать условиям
supply – подача; подвод; питание
delivery – подача; снабжение; доставка; поставка
workhead – шпиндельная головка; шпиндельная бабка
welding head – сварочная головка
staking machine –мягчильная машина
riveting machine – клепальная машина
assembly machine(=component-insertion machine) – сборочная машина
configuration – форма; очертание; контур
vocabulary Exercises
1. to operate, 2. manual, 3. to assemble, 4. to produce, 5. mechanics, 6. machine,
7. to differ, 8. type, 9. act, 10. to attach, 11. part, 12. general, 13. program,
14. to insert.
A 1. operation, 2. to perform, 3. manually, 4. to assemble, 5. labour, 6. use,
7. production, 8. design, 9. to work, 10. to develop, 11. component,
12. to proceed, 13. mechanism, 14. to complete, 15. particular, 16. to apply.
B a. to collect, b. to transfer, c. action, d. part, e. construction, f. specific,
g. to work out, h. to do, i. device, j. application, k. to employ, l. to operate,
m. to accomplish, n. by hand, o. work, p. manufacture.
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Text 15A
I. Read and translate the text:
Automated Assembly
Assembly operations have traditionally been performed manually, either at single assembly workstations or on assembly lines with multiple stations. Owing to the high labour content and high cost of manual labour, greater attention has been given in recent years to the use of automation for assembly work. Assembly operations can be automated using production line principles if the quantities are large, the product is small, and the design is simple (e.g., mechanical pencils, pens, and cigarette lighters). For products that do not satisfy these conditions, manual assembly is generally required.
Automated assembly machines have been developed that operate in a manner similar to machining transfer lines, with the difference being that assembly operations, instead of machining, are performed at the workstations. A typical assembly machine consists of several stations, each equipped with a supply of components and a mechanism for delivering the components into position for assembly. A workhead at each station performs the actual attachment of the component. Typical workheads include automatic screwdrivers, staking or riveting machines, welding heads, and other joining devices. A new component is added to the partially completed product at each workstation, thus building up the product gradually as it proceeds through the line.
Assembly machines of this type are considered to be examples of fixed automation, because they are generally configured for a particular product made in high volume. Programmable assembly machines are represented by the component-insertion machines employed in the electronics industry.
II. Fill in the blanks and translate the sentences:
a. machine, b. workstations, c. product, d. fixed, e. automatically, f. operations,
g. high, h. electronics, i. assembly.
Grammar Revision Exercises
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a. the operation for performing automated assembly |
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b. the operation performing automated assembly |
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a. the machine tool for machining the work parts |
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b. the machine tool machining the work parts |
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a. the mechanism for delivering the parts |
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b. the mechanism delivering the parts |
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a. the devices for joining the components |
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b. the devices joining the components |
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a. the operation for completing the product |
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b. the operation completing the product |
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a. the system for employing the assembly machine |
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b. the system employing the assembly machine |
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a. the machine for performing the assembly operation |
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b. the machine performing the assembly operation |
Oral practice tasks
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Agreement
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Disagreement - Of course, not. - I don’t think so. - I disagree to this. |
III. Answer the questions:
IV. Do the tasks below:
VI. Make a short report on the use of automated assembly in industry.
Text 15B
Translate the text in written form using a dictionary:
From the history of the assembly line
Though prototypes of the assembly line can be traced to antiquity, the true ancestor of this industrial technique was the 19th-century meat-packing industry in Cincinnati, Ohio, and in Chicago, where overhead trolleys were employed to convey carcasses from worker to worker. When these trolleys were connected with chains and power was used to move the carcasses past the workers at a steady pace, they formed a true assembly line (or in effect a "disassembly" line in the case of meat cutters). Stationary workers concentrated on one task, performing it at a pace dictated by the machine, minimizing unnecessary movement, and dramatically increasing productivity.
Text 15C
Look through the text and do the tasks below:
Assembly and Inspection
An effective application area of industrial robots is assembly and inspection.
The use of robots in assembly is expected to increase because of the high cost of manual labour. But the design of the product is an important aspect of robotic assembly. Assembly methods that are satisfactory for humans are not always suitable for robots. Screws and nuts are widely used for fastening in manual assembly, but the same operations are extremely difficult for a one-armed robot.
Inspection is another area of factory operations in which the utilization of robots is growing. In a typical inspection job, the robot positions a sensor with respect to the work part and determines whether the part answers the quality specifications. In nearly all industrial robotic applications, the robot provides a substitute for human labour. There are certain characteristics of industrial jobs performed by humans that can be done by robots:
1. the operation is repetitive, involving the same basic work motions every cycle;
2. the operation is hazardous or uncomfortable for the human worker (for example: spray painting, spot welding, arc welding, and certain machine loading and unloading tasks);
3. the workpiece and the tool are too heavy and difficult to handle;
4. the operation allows the robot to be used on two or three shifts.
PAGE 111
Automated Assembly
anual operations
assembly operations
automatic operations
assembly machines
workstation
workstation
workstation
a supply of components and a mechanism for their delivering
assembly line
assembly line