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UNIT 10
THE HISTORY OF THE HAMBURGER
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
The History of the Hamburger
The hamburger is the most eaten food in the whole world. The first hamburgers were made and sold in Connecticut in1895 by an American chef called Louis Lassen. Louis called them hamburgers because he was given the recipe by sailors from Hamburg in Germany. Hamburgers became a favorite in America in the early part of the 20th century. Their popularity grew even more after the Second World War, when they were bought in large quantities by teenagers who preferred fast food to family meals.
In 1948 two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald opened a drive-in hamburger restaurant in San Bernardino, California. Now 35 million McDonald’s hamburgers are eaten every day in 115 countries from India to the Arctic Circle.
II. NOTES
Connecticut [] –
Louis Lassen [] –
Hamburg [] –
McDonald [] –
San Bernardino [] –
California [] –
India [] –
Arctic Circle [] –
III. VOCABULARY
The hamburger is the most eaten food in the whole [həʊl] world. |
гамбургер Гамбургер едят больше всего в мире. |
The first hamburgers were sold in Connecticut in1895. |
продавать Первые гамбургеры продавались в Коннектикуте в 1895 году. |
The chef was given the hamburger recipe by sailors from Hamburg. |
моряк Повар получил рецепт гамбургера от моряков из Гамбурга. |
[bɪˈkʌm ə ˈfeɪvrət] Hamburgers became a favorite in America in the early part of the 20th century. |
стать любимой едой Гамбургеры стали любимой едой в Америке в первой половине 20 века. |
The popularity of hamburgers grew. |
популярность Популярность гамбургера росла. |
in large quantities Hamburgers were bought in large quantities by teenagers. |
количество в больших количествах Гамбургеры раскупались подростками в больших количествах. |
Many teenagers preferred fast food to family meals. |
предпочитать Многие подростки предпочитали фаст фуд домашней еде. |
[draɪv ɪn ˈrestrɒnt] |
ресторан, где владельцы автомобилей покупают еду, не покидая машины |
Today hamburgers are eaten worldwide. |
во всем миру Сегодня гамбургеры едят во всем мире. |
III. COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. Answer the questions:
2. SAY IF THE SENTENCES ARE TRue OR FALSE. CORRECT THE FALSE ONES
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОГО ЗАЛОГА В PAST SIMPLE
Утвердительная форма
|
1 л. ед.ч. |
I was given. |
Мне дали. |
|
2 л. ед. ч. |
You were given. |
Тебе дали. |
|
3 л. ед. ч. |
He was given. She was given. It was given. |
Ему дали. Ей дали. Ему дали. |
|
1 л. мн. ч. |
We were given. |
Нам дали. |
|
2 л. мн.ч. |
You were given. |
Вам дали. |
|
3 л. мн. ч. |
They were given. |
Им дали. |
Отрицательная форма
|
1 л. ед.ч. |
I was not given. |
Мне не дали. |
|
2 л. ед. ч. |
You were not given. |
Тебе не дали. |
|
3 л. ед. ч. |
He was not given. She was given. It was not given. |
Ему не дали. Ей не дали. Ему не дали. |
|
1 л. мн. ч. |
We were not given. |
Нам не дали. |
|
2 л. мн.ч. |
You were not given. |
Вам не дали. |
|
3 л. мн. ч. |
They were not given. |
Им не дали. |
Вопросительная форма
|
1 л. ед.ч. |
Was I given? |
Мне дали? |
|
2 л. ед. ч. |
Were you given? |
Тебе дали? |
|
3 л. ед. ч. |
Was he given? Was she given? Was it given? |
Ему дали? Ей дали? Ему дали? |
|
1 л. мн. ч. |
Were we given? |
Нам дали? |
|
2 л. мн.ч. |
Were you given? |
Вам дали? |
|
3 л. мн. ч. |
Were they given? |
Им дали? |
EXERCISES
1. Point out the predicate. Translate the sentences.
1. The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. 2. Two pictures were stolen from the museum last night. 3. When was the first hamburger made? 4. Where was the first McDonald’s restaurant opened? 5. Maria was asked to sing another song. 6. Australia was discovered by Captain Cook. 7. In the 16th century tobacco was brought to Europe from America. 8. A lot of trees were cut down to build that house. 9. When was this hospital closed? 10. Where were you born?
2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.
Example: These flowers were brought from Holland. – Were these flowers brought from Holland? These flowers were not brought from Holland.
1. This house was built a hundred years ago. 2. The car was produced in Germany. 3. My friend was born in Texas. 4. The office was cleaned last week. 5. The article was published last week. 6. Four people were killed in the accident yesterday. 7. We were woken up by the noise. 8. The room was painted last month. 9. This film was made in 1949. 10. The door was opened with a key.
3. Open the brackets to put the verbs into Past Simple Passive. Then match column A with column B to make correct sentences.
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
1. America (discover) by |
A. the French. |
|
2. London (found) by |
B. the Russians. |
|
3. The Statue of Liberty (present) to Americans by |
C. John Tolkien. |
|
4. President Lincoln (kill) by |
D. Christopher Columbus. |
|
5. “Star Wars” (direct) by |
E. Bill Gates and Paul Allen |
|
6. Walkman cassette players (develop) by |
F. the Romans. |
|
7. “Sunflowers” (paint) by |
G. an actor. |
|
8. “The Lord of Rings” (write) by |
H. the Chinese. |
|
9. Paper (invent) by |
I. Vincent van Gogh. |
|
10. Microsoft Corporation (start) by |
J. George Lucas. |
4. Open the brackets to put the verbs into Past Simple Passive.
Sugar
Sugar cane (grow) in India thousands of years ago. In Roman times it (know) in Europe as a great luxury. In 1493 a sugar plant (take) by Columbus to the West Indies, where it grew so well that huge plantations (start) by Europeans. The plantations (work on) by slaves. The slaves (ship) across the Atlantic from Africa on a journey that took six weeks. The empty ships then carried the sugar back to Europe. So much money (make) that sugar (know) as “white gold”.
Tobacco
For thousands of years tobacco (use) by the American Indians. In the 16th century it (bring) to Europe. This early tobacco (mix) with soil. It (chew) or (smoke) in pipes only by men. It first (grow) commercially in America in the 17th century on plantations. In the 18th century the first cigarettes (produce). Until 1820 tobacco was America’s main export. Nowadays smoking is banned in many places.
5. Put questions to the italicized parts of the sentences.
Example: Jim’s car was stolen last night (2). – Whose car was stolen last night? When was Jim’s car stolen?
1. The bank robbers were punished for their crimes (2). 2. “Oliver Twist” was written by Charles Dickens (2). 3. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell (2). 4. The photocopier was repaired last week (2). 5. These flowers were sent to me yesterday by one of my friends (3). 6. My bicycle was stolen last night (2). 7. Tobacco was first brought to Europe in the 16th century (3). 8. Sugar cane was grown in India thousands of years ago (3). 9. This novel was translated into English last year (3). 10. My friend was promoted two weeks ago (3).
7. Turn the sentences from Active into Passive. Omit the agent if it can be omitted.
Example: They nominated this film for an Oscar. – This film was nominated for an Oscar.
1. They brought my luggage to the hotel. 2. The grandchildren often visited the old couple. 3. Madonna recorded a new CD last month. 4. They offered me a job in Spain. 5. Somebody broke into my house when I was on holiday. 6. The waiter brought me my tea. 7. I’m sure they told me the truth. 8. A huge shark attacked the diver. 9. People heard some voices in the hall last night. 10. George Orwell wrote “Animal Farm”. 11. The Egyptians built the Great Pyramids. 12. They used a computer to do that job. 13. Yesterday a dog bit him. 14. Somebody told her the bad news. 15. Fire destroyed the building.
8. Insert the right preposition (by, with, of).
1. Macbeth was written … Shakespeare. 2. He was knocked down … a lorry. 3. The cake was made … flour, sugar, and eggs. 4. The window was broken … a hammer. 5. The lion was shot … a rifle. 6. That novel was written … H.D. Lawrence. 7. The garden was dug … a spade. 8. The city was attacked … the enemy. 9. The table was made … wood. 10. The house was built … wood and bricks.
9. Choose the right variant.
1. The car … last week.
A) is repaired B) was repaired C) repaired
2. The local bank … this morning.
A) robbed B) was rob C) was robbed
3. Hamlet was written … Shakespeare.
A) with B) from C) by
4. The door was locked by me … a key.
A) with B) by C) –
5. London … by the Romans more than 20 centuries ago.
A) was found B) was founded C) was based
6. I was bitten … a huge dog yesterday.
A) with B) by C) –
7. Bad weather … our flight yesterday.
A) was delayed B) delayed C) delay
8. Four people were injured in the accident last night.
A) was injured B) are injured C) were injured
9. Much of the city was destroyed by an earthqake.
A) Небольшая часть города была разрушена землетрясением.
B) Большая часть города была разрушена землетрясением.
C) Большая часть города была разрушена пожаром.
10. He was much talked about.
A) Он много говорил.
В) О нем много говорили.
С) О нем никогда не говорилось.
10. Translate the sentences.
1. Когда был изготовлен первый гамбургер? 2. Где был открыт первый ресторан McDonald’s? 3. Телефон был изобретен Александром Беллом в 1876 году. 4. Мой учитель родился в Англии. 5. Этот дом был построен 100 лет тому назад. 6. Книгу не опубликовали на прошлой неделе. 7. Мою машину угнали вчера ночью. 8. Стол был сделан из дерева. 9. Этот город был основан много веков тому назад. 10. Письмо было написано вчера?