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3. The sentence as the unit of syntax. Types of simple sentences in English.
There are a lot of definitions of the sentence. But the most clear is the mixed one by Bryant: S.is a communication in words combined a sense of completeness containing one independent verb with its subject.
Main features of the sentence. The sentence is an autonomous structurally complete syntactical communication and phonetically and graphically shaped.
4 main features of the sentence:
Sentences may be classified:
1. according to the type of classification: interrogative, declarative, imperative.
2. according to the emotional colouring: neutral, emotionally coloured, exclamatory.
3. according to the character of predicative relations: affirmative, negative.
4. according to the number of the main parts: two-member sentences, verbless two-member sentences, one-member sentences.
5. according to the structural completeness: complete, incomplete.
6. according to the character of the subject.
7. according to the number of predicative units: simple, composite. Composite are subdivided into compound and complex. There are also semi-compound and semi-complex sentences.
Simple: Contains a single, independent clause. (I don't like dogs.)
The simple sentence is one of the four basic sentence structures. The other structures are the compound sentence, the complex sentence, and the compound-complex sentence.
A simple sentence contains a single subject and predicate. It describes only one thing, idea or question, and has only one verb - it contains only an independent (main) clause.
Any independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. It has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
For example:
Even the addition of adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases to a simple sentence does not change it into a complex sentence.
For example:
Even if you join several nouns with a conjunction, or several verbs with a conjunction, it remains a simple sentence.
For example:
Compound: Contains two independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction. (The most common coordinating conjunctions are: but, or, and, so.
Complex: Contains an independent clause plus one or more dependent clauses. (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction. Examples: that, because, while, although, where, if.)
Compound-complex: Contains 3 or more clauses (of which at least two are independent and one is dependent).