In when required; Selective circultion between nnulus nd tubing; Instll plug in the tubing e
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- Tubing Completion Flow?
- Most widely used completion type in naturally flowing wells;
- Annulus is isolated by a packer;
- Packer seals annulus with rubber element which is compressed or inflate;
- Packer is located close to top of reservoir to minimize trapped annular gas volume below the packer;
- Well killing via circulation port in tubing OR punch hole in tubing.
- Primary Completion String Functions?
- Withstands anticipated pressures during production and well operations, e.g. stimulation;
- Produce or inject into reservoir with minimal loss of flowing pressure;
- Minimize reservoir fluid contact with the production casing (annulus isolated from the production tubing);
- Remote downhole shut-in when required;
- Selective circulation between annulus and tubing;
- Install a plug in the tubing e.g. for pressure testing.
- X-mass tree purpose?
X-mass tree controls the produced or injected fluids.
- Production tubing?
- Special equipment manufactured to a high standard to withstand for long periods in an often corrosive environment with high mechanical stresses & fluid pressures & temperatures.
- Failure to select & correctly install a suitable tubing results in expensive workovers or loss of the well.
- Production packer purpose, components, retrievability, setting mechanism?
A packer is a tool, which when set, seals the annular space between two strings of pipe or a string of pipe and the open hole.
The Main Functions of a Production Packer:
- To keep formation pressure off the casing
- To keep formation gases or fluids off the casing
- To isolate zones or bad casing
- To hold kill fluids in the annulus
- To keep gas lift pressure off the formation
- Safety
- Test Formations
- Gravel Pack
Factors to be considered in Packer Selection:
- Well Conditions
- Well Pressure
- Pressure Change
- Corrosive Agents
- Longevity of a Producing Zone
- Well Treatment
- Compatibility with Other Downhole Equipment
- Customer Preference
- Economics
- Setting Accuracy
Production Packers:
- Permanent Packers
- Sealbore Retrievable Packers
- Mechanical Retrievable Packers
- Hydraulic Retrievable Packers
General Characteristic Of Permanent Packer :
- Permanently set
- No weight or tension requirements
- Economical
- Highest pressure rating
- High temperature rating
- Popularity
- Seal assembly required and accessories can be used with permanent packers.
Packer Setting Mechanism:
- Packer setting involves compression & extrusion of a rubber element;
- Mechanically – e.g. by rotation of tubing string;
- Compression or Tension – based on weight of tubing – A mechanical devise transfers the force to compress the rubber element.
- Subsurface Safety Valve?
- Provides a remote, failsafe, shutdown, system of subsurface isolation for catastrophic Xmass tree failure;
- Valve opened by hydraulic pressure via a 1/4 in. model control line run in the annulus.
- Side pocket mandrel?
Many types of Valve can be installed in a Side pocket mandrel:
- Gas Lift valve;
- Dummy valve;
- Chemical injection valve;
- Circulating valve;
- Differential Dump/Kill valve;
- Water injection control valve.
- Landing Nipples?
- A landing nipple is a short device with an internally machined profile that can secure plug run on wireline or coiled tubing;
- The plug is locked in place providing a pressure seal against the nipple’s internal bore;
- Nipples installed at various points in the string for:
- Plugging the tugging for: pressure testing, hydraulic packer setting & zonal isolation;
- Installing flow control equipment: downhole chokes, SSSVs & pressure recorders.
- Nipples can be of two types:
- No-go – nipple size decreases down string;
- Selective Nipples – multiple, same size nipples use selective locking mechanism operated by wireline.
- General well completion scheme?
- What is comingled flow?