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31. Dictionaries classification:
According to the object of description ; encyclopedic, linguistic, linguacultural
According to the number of languages: bilingual, monolingual, multilingual
According to the scope of vocabulary, the number of entries: large=500.000, medium=250.000, small
According to the selection of linguistic units: general, restricted
According to the way of description: explanatory, special
According to the arrangement of linguistic units: alphabetical, semantic, reverse
32. Dictionary Format and Structure
Like in a paper dictionary, terminology data in TermsCafé Dictionaries is organized in entries. A dictionary entry consists of a headword with its translations as well as with relevant phrases, comments and examples and additional information about when created and edited the particular entry and when it was created.
Dictionary structure is defined as a list of index, text and attribute fields. In a typical bilingual dictionary structure one index field represents the source language, and another index field represents the target language. The source and target languages of the dictionaries are specified during the creation of the dictionary. All dictionaries must contain at least one language (or index) field.
Index Fields for Source and Target Languages
Index fields define essential information about dictionary entries. In a typical bilingual dictionary structure one index field represents the source language, and another index field represents the target language.
Descriptive Text Fields
Text fields define additional information about dictionary entries. To facilitate search, text fields can be of text, date, Boolean (true or false, yes or no) or number type. For example, they can be used for adding examples (text type) or synonyms (text type), or etymology (text type).
Attribute fields
Attribute fields define additional information about dictionary entries. For example, they can define a style in a particular context: dated word, slang word, formal or archaic word. All attribute fields contain reference to the ID of an attribute pick list for a particular dictionary. Attribute field examples are number: plural or singular or part of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, etc. Attribute fields will be shown in entries in round parentheses beside an index field, for example: mother (n).
TermsCafé dictionaries allow the creation of an unlimited number of entries.
TermsCafé dictionaries allow adding an unlimited number of index, text and attribute fields to each entry. However, only one index field can be defined as the target language field. Click here to view the suggested dictionary structure template.
entry word - the form of a word that heads a lexical entry and is alphabetized in a dictionary
35. Lexical peculiarities of American English
American English cannot be called a separate language because it has neither grammar nor vocabulary of its own. From the lexical point of view we have to deal with Americanisms
Americanisms- are words or set-expressions peculiar to the English language as spoken in the USA.
Cookie –biscuit
Guess –think
Mail- post
Store- shop
Historical Americanisms- are words retained their old meanings whereas in British English their meanings have charged.
Fall –autumn
To guess- think
Proper Americanisms- are lexical units denoting some realia that have no counterpane in Britain.
Junior high school
Senior high school
Partial Americanisms- polisemantic words typical of the American variant in one of their meanings.
e.g –Pavement
Другие: ride a horse- ride on the train, on Friday
Borrowings- words which reflect the historical contacts of the Americans with other nations.
Wigwam, canoe, canyon
Word- building
1.affixes- ee, ette
2. conversion- to major- major
3.blending – motel= motor +hotel
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35. Lexical peculiarities of American English American English cannot be called a separate language because it has neither grammar nor vocabulary of its own. From the lexical point of view we have to deal with Americanisms Americanisms- are words or set-expressions peculiar to the English language as spoken in the USA. Cookie –biscuit Guess –think Mail- post Store- shop Historical Americanisms- are words retained their old meanings whereas in British English their meanings have charged. Fall –autumn To guess- think Proper Americanisms- are lexical units denoting some realia that have no counterpane in Britain. Junior high school Senior high school Partial Americanisms- polisemantic words typical of the American variant in one of their meanings. e.g –Pavement Другие: ride a horse- ride on the train, on Friday Borrowings- words which reflect the historical contacts of the Americans with other nations. Wigwam, canoe, canyon Word- building 1.affixes- ee, ette 2. conversion- to major- major 3.blending – motel= motor +hotel |
31. Dictionaries classification: According to the object of description ; encyclopedic, linguistic, linguacultural According to the number of languages: bilingual, monolingual, multilingual According to the scope of vocabulary, the number of entries: large=500.000, medium=250.000, small According to the selection of linguistic units: general, restricted According to the way of description: explanatory, special According to the arrangement of linguistic units: alphabetical, semantic, reverse |
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