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The elder daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth was born on April 21, 1926 in London. Her birthday is officially celebrated in Britain on the second Saturday of June each year. The day is referred to as the «Trooping of the Colour», the official name is the «Queen`s Birthday Parade».
Queen Elizabeth II ascended the throne on February 6, 1952 upon the death of her father, King George VI. Her Coronation, at Westminster Abbey, followed on June 2, 1953. Her reign of 61 years is currently the second longest for a British monarch; only Queen Victoria, her great-great grandmother, has reigned longer, at over 63 years. The Queen celebrated her Diamond Jubilee in 2012.
Elizabeth II is the United Kingdom`s Head of State. She is the queen of 16 former British colonies, including Australia, Canada and New Zealand; and head of the Commonwealth, a multinational body created after dissolution of the British Empire.
Queen Elizabeth II is a constitutional monarch. This means that although she is officially the head of the state, the country is actually run by the government, led by the Prime Minister.
Although the Queen is no longer responsible for governing the country, she carries out a great many important tasks on behalf of the nation. As head of State, the Queen goes on official state visits abroad. She also invites other world leaders to come to the UK. During their visit, heads of state usually stay at Buckingham Palace. The Queen is also the Head of the Armed Forces. She is the only person who can declare when the country is at war or when war is over, although she must take advice from her government first. The Queen is the Head of the Church of England – a position that all British monarchs have held since it was founded by Henry VIII in the 1530s. The Queen appoints archbishops and bishops on the advice of the Prime Minister. Besides, every day «red boxes» are delivered to the Queen`s desk full of documents and reports from the government ministers and Commonwealth officials. They must all be read and, if necessary, signed by the Queen. Finally, the Queen represents the nation at times of great celebration or sorrow. One example of this is Remembrance Day ceremony at the Cenotaph monument in Whitehall. The Queen lays a wreath there each year to honour the members of the armed forces who have died fighting for their country.
The Queen is married to the HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburg. They married on November 20, 1947. The Duke is queen Elizabeth`s third cousin; they share Queen Victoria as a great-great-grandmother. Elizabeth II and Prince Philip have four children and eight grandchildren. Their children are Charles, Prince of Wales, Anne, Princess Royal, Andrew, Duke of York, Edward, Earl of Wessex. Their grandchildren are Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, Prince Harry of Wales, Peter Phillips, Zara Phillips, Princess Beatrice of York, Princess Eugenie of York, Lady Louise Windsor, James, Viscount Severn.
Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George), was born on November 14, 1948. He is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II. Prince Charles became the oldest heir to the throne for almost 300 years on September 20, 2013. He passed the current record of William IV, who had become king in June 1830 aged 64 years, 10 months and five days. Now Prince Charles is 65 years old.
Lady Diana Spencer (July 1, 1961–August 31, 1997) was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales. Diana was often called Princess Diana by the media and the public, but she was not personally a princess, she lost this title after the divorce. An iconic presence on the world stage, Diana was noted for her pioneering charity work. From the time of her engagement to the Prince of Wales in 1981 until her death in a car accident in 1997, the Princess was arguably the most famous woman in the world, the pre-eminent female celebrity of her generation: a fashion icon, an image of feminine beauty, admired and emulated for her high-profile involvement in AIDS issues, and the international campaign against landmines. During her lifetime, she was often referred to as the most photographed person in the world.
Prince William is the elder son of The Prince of Wales and Princess Diana. He was born on June 21, 1982 in London. William was 15-years-old when Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997. Recently almost all British people has followed his private life and looked forward to his wedding with Catherine Middleton. Finally they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. A few hours prior to the ceremony, William's new title of Duke of Cambridge was announced. Later on July 22, 2013 Catherine gave birth to a baby boy - Prince George of Cambridge - with Prince William present.
Prince Henry of Wales, commonly known as Prince Harry, was born September 15, 1984. He is the younger son of Charles and Diana. Unlike his elder brother William, Harry earned a reputation of a rowdy. The tabloid press labeled him as a «wild child». Several times he clashed physically with paparazzi outside nightclubs. Moreover, he was photographed at costume party wearing a Nazi German uniform with a swastika armband. He later issued a public statement apologising for his behavior. Despite this fact, he is carrying out his royal duties in responsible way and even served on the front line in the Afghan War.
Queen Elizabeth II lives in Buckingham Palace. It is the Queen's official and main royal London home. It has been the official London residence of Britain's monarchy since 1837. Queen Victoria was the first monarch to live there. Buckingham Palace was originally a grand house built by the Dukes of Buckingham for his wife. George IV began transforming it into a palace in 1826. Buckingham Palace is also the London residence of the Duke of York (Prince Andrew) and the Earl and Countess of Wessex (Prince Edward and his wife) and their daughter. Buckingham Palace is used also for the administrative work for the monarchy. It is here in the state apartments that Her Majesty receives and entertains guests invited to the Palace.