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Text 1
Most of the Earth’s water is in the oceans (97 per cent) or locked away as ice. The largest volumes of freshwater are stored underground as groundwater, accounting for about 0.6 per cent of the total. Only a tiny fraction (0.01 per cent) is present as fresh surface water in lakes, streams and rivers. But it is this proportion which is so important for many of our terrestrial ecosystems, including humans.
The quality of this fresh water is vitally important. We depend on surface and groundwater sources for our drinking water. We also need water to generate energy, to grow our crops, to run machinery, to carry wastes and for a great deal more. We use water for washing and cleaning, recreation, cooking, gardening, as well as simply to enjoy it. Water is also vital as a place to live in for both freshwater and marine plants and animals.
Many human activities and their by-products have the potential to pollute water. Large and small industrial enterprises, the water industry, the urban infrastructure, agriculture, horticulture, transport, discharges from abandoned mines, and deliberate or accidental pollution incidents all affect water quality.
Pollutants from these and many other activities may enter surface or groundwater directly, may move slowly within the groundwater to emerge eventually in surface water, may run off the land, or may be deposited from the atmosphere. Pollution may arise as point sources, such as discharges through pipes, or may be more dispersed and diffuse. .
The Environmental Protection Agency has set standards for more than 80 contaminants that may occur in drinking water and pose a risk to human health. EPA sets these standards to protect the health of the 250 million people who get their water from public water systems. Other people get their water from private wells which are not subject to Federal Regulations.
1. How much water is there in the oceans and ice caps?
2. Where can you find the largest volumes of freshwater?
3. What do we need water for?
4. What is water quality affected by?
5. Why did EPA set drinking water standards?
6. How can pollutants enter surface or ground water?
7. Where do people get their water?
8. What are the main sources for our drinking water?
Sources, volume, quality, enterprises, protect, wells, generate, drinking, freshwater, contaminants
1. Groundwater accounts for about 0.6 per cent of the total _____ of freshwater.
2. Surface and groundwater are the main ______ of drinking water.
3. Many human activities may affect water ______.
4. Standards have been set for more than 80 contaminants to _______ health of the population.
5. People can get their water from groundwater sources through private ______.
6. Water quality is also affected by industrial _____.
7. Water is needed to _____ energy.
8. Lakes, rivers and streams are all ______ sources.
9. _______ in drinking water can pose a risk to human health. 10. We depend on freshwater sources for our ____ water.
3. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb.
1. A great amount of freshwater (store) as groundwater.
2. Man (use) water for washing and cleaning.
3. Water (use) to generate electricity and for many other things.
4. A lot of contaminants (occur) in drinking water.
5. Groundwater (account for) 0.6 per cent of the total freshwater.
6. A pollutant is a substance that (affect) drinking water quality.
7. Five years ago a new pollutant (to find) in the source water.
8. Early man (need, not) water for many purposes.
9. The quality of drinking water (depend) on the source.
10. He was thirsty, so he (drink) the water very quickly.
1. Adequate, an, water, of, supply, drinking, very, is, important.
2. People, millions, die, of, from, water, drinking, polluted.
3. Make, pollutants, suitable, not, water, drinking, for.
4. Is, water, to, added, chlorine, bacteria, to kill.
5. People, get, water, their, in the country, from, wells, private.
volume пресная вода
freshwater загрязнять
account for объем
pollute загрязняющее вещество
affect много
a great deal of составлять
contaminant предприятие
protect колодец
well защищать
enterprise влиять