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THE HISTORY OF LAND TRANSPORT
Introduction
1. The word transport means to cany people or goods from place to place It is also used for the vehicles that carry people or goods - for example, motor transport includes buses, lorries, motor coaches and motor
cars The American word for the same thing is transportation, and th remark “transportation is civilization” was made by an American, the motor-car manufacturer Henry Ford.
The history of transport is divided into two stages. The first stage is that in which all forms of transport depended directly on the power of men or animals or on natural forces such as winds and current. The second stage began with the development of the steam engine, which was followed by the electric motor and the internal combustion engine as the main sources о power for transport.
Porters and Pack Animals
The next step was the use of pack animals for carrying goods. The kind of animal used varied in different places, but the general idea was the same - the bundles or baskets were carried by the animals on their backs. The dog, although too small to carry much, was probably one of the first transport animals used because it is so easily trained. Dogs are still to be trained for dragging sledges in the Arctic because of their light weight
4 There were two problems to be solved - first, how to make good roads, and, second, to decide who was to pay for them. In Great Britaj^ these problems were solved in the 18th century. Stretches of roads were handed over to groups called trusts. The trusts borrowed money for repairing and improving the roads, paying it back from the sums they collected from road users. This method of paying for new roads and bridges is still used, especially in the United States.
Then it became possible to travel rather comfortably by coaches. In cities like London, rich people had their own carnages, while poor people went on horseback or walked. Then appeared carnages that could be hired lor short distances. They correspond to the modem taxis. The word is short for taxi cab which in turn comes from the words taximeter and cabriolet. A cabriolet is a light two-wheeled carriage introduced from France in the 19th century The taximeter is a mechanical device connected with the wheels which, by measuring the distance travelled, shows the fare due at any moment. It is also controlled by a clock so that waiting time too is charged for
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