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№ 9 (для самостійного вивчення)
Тема: Автомобілі ери газоліну
Мета: розширити кругозір студентів стосовно старовинних моделей машин, збільшити лексичний запас студентів, розвивати логічне мислення, навички перекладу технічного тексту.
Рекомендована література: С.П.Сафронова, „Підручник з англійської мови для транспортних технікумів.” Стор.63
Методичні вказівки:
Вправа 1. Read and translate the text
THE ERA OF THE GASOLINE-POWERED AUTOMOBILE
Picture 1 Henry Ford’s first automobile
Inventors on both sides of the Atlantic discovered during the 1880s that technologies for making self-propelled carriages and wagons had progressed dramatically. Soon sundry vehicles powered by steam, internal combustion engines, and electricity were rolling across Germany, France, and the United States. The first practical internal combustion engine was built by Etienne Lenoir, a Belgian living in France. Patented in 1860, his water-cooled contraption burned coal gas and was noisy and inefficient; even so, for two decades it had many buyers. Lenoir's engine was a clear proof of concept to other inventors, especially in Europe.
Nikolaus Otto, a German, was one of many inspired by Lenoir's technical and commercial success. Mechanically gifted, Otto sought to improve the Lenoir engine, and in the late 1870s he did. Otto's four-cycle design embodied features that would become standard in gasoline automobile engines.
The cars of that time were very small, two-seated cars with no roof, driven by an engine placed under the seat. Motorists had to carry large cans of fuel and separate spare parts, for there were no repair or filling stations to serve them.
The Otto engine and the many clones it spawned, though intended to replace small steam engines in industry, inaugurated the era of the gasoline-powered automobile. Clearly, the compact internal combustion engine was a most suitable technology for the self-propelled vehicle.
Karl Benz, also a German, employed his own Otto-type engine to power a three-wheel carriage in 1885. These tri-wheelers, with a one-cylinder engine that developed 0.8 hp, were put on the market in 1887, perhaps the earliest commercial automobiles.
In 1891 Benz added a four-wheel motorized carriage to his company's offerings. These automobiles sold well and were widely imitated. In the early 1890s, for example, Planhardet Levassor as well as Peugeot in France were peddling cars to the public. Henry Ford, however, was still a long way from building automobiles.
Вправа 2. Find in the text the synonyms to word “vehicle”
Вправа 3. Answer the questions: