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Контрольное задание № 1 (вариант 1)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.
Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания -s. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.
Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных. Конструкции типа the more... the less.
Числительные.
Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные.
Форма настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и будущего (Future) времени группы Indefinite действительного залога изъявительного наклонения. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past и Future Indefinite. Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма.
Простое распространенное предложение: прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; обратный порядок слов вопросительного предложения. Оборот there is (are).
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
The "Big Ben" clock weighs 13,5 tons.
Most of London's places of interest are to the north of the river Thames.
Hyde Park covers 360 acres.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание
на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. The bus stop is far from here.
Several English physicists work at this problem.
There are many parks in London.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы
сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.
One of the most famous buildings in England is St. Paul's Cathedral.
This room is smaller than that one.
The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык,
обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных
местоимений.
1. At some of the London underground stations there are lifts, others have
escalators.
Any student of our group can speak on the history of London.
No park in London is as popular as Hyde Park.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них
видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите
предложения на русский язык.
This student first came to London in 1996.
The Port of London is to the east of the City.
In a few days she will leave for Manchester.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
LONDON
London is the capital of Great Britain. It lies in the South East of England on both banks of the river Thames. London is one of the largest cities in the world and has a large system of docks. London is more than twenty centuries old. It can be divided into four parts: the City, the West End, the East End and Westminster.
The heart of the capital is the City. Its territory is only about one square mile, but it is the financial and business center of the country. It contains almost all important English banks and offices.
To the West End of London is famous for its beautiful monuments and palaces, fine parks, fashionable shops and big hotels. The East End is quite different from the West End. It is the district of factories, plants and the docks. The main branches of industry are machine building, shipbuilding, metal processing and others. The narrow streets and poor houses of the East End present a contrast to the homes of the rich people in the West End.
There are many places of interest in London. One of them is Trafalgar Square with the Nelson's monument 185 feet high. Buckingham Palace is the royal residence. Westminster Abbey is one of the most beautiful buildings in London. It contains the memorial of many famous citizens of Britain.
Across the road from Westminster Abbey are the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British government. In one of the towers there is "Big Ben", a huge clock built just over a century ago. The Tower of London is one of the most interesting places in London. It was a
fortress, a royal residence, a prison, now it is a museum. Not far from the Tower
you can see the Tower Bridge, one of the finest bridges in London.
London is famous for its green parks. Hyde Park is the most popular of them. It is the greatest park in London as well.
London is the center of the country's cultural life. There are many picture galleries and museums there. The National Gallery houses a priceless collection of paintings. The famous British Museum is one of the best museums in the world.
Контрольное задание № 2 (вариант 1)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.
Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог -Indefinite (Present, Past, Future), формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future), формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); б) пассивный залог: формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола сап - to be able; б) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: его эквиваленты to have to, to be to, should.
Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund - герундий, простые формы.
Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
Интернациональные слова.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. You also can continue studying and after two more years take a master's degree.
The academic year is divided into two terms.
During the term any student attends lectures.
И. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните причастие I и причастие II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
The students going to the State History Museum are the students of our group.
This is the building of the Novosibirsk Technological Institute constructed in 1963.
3. Studying hard you can get increased grants.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них
модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
Every student must attend lectures during the term.
You can understand this subject better if you come to the seminar tomorrow.
He is to write the term-paper next week.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
OUR INSTITUTE
There are about twenty higher educational establishments in our city, among them several universities, academies and institutes. We study at the Novosibirsk Institute of Technology that is a branch of Moscow State University of Design and Technology. Our Institute was founded in 1963. There are five faculties at it: preparatory faculty, faculty of basic education, technological faculty, faculty of applied science and extra-mural faculty.
After four years of study you can take a bachelor's degree. You also can continue studying and after two more years take a master's degree. Our graduates work at dressmaking and shoe-making factories, at leather-tanning enterprises, in tailor shops and fashion houses. We also have many postgraduates. In order to become a good specialist the student has to work very hard. There are many departments that help every student to get ready for his future work. There are many modern laboratories where al the students can carry out various experiments. Many teachers deliver lectures and hold seminars on different subjects such as: mathematics, physics, chemistry, history of Russia, economics, foreign languages and many special courses.
The academic year is divided into two terms. During the term students attend lectures, do practical and laboratory work. At the end of each term students must take final tests and examinations. By sitting for exams they are able to visit our library which contains a lot of various books on specialty, dictionaries, magazines and newspapers.
Our Institute has a hostel the students live in. There are also classrooms there where we can study foreign languages and other subjects.
Контрольное задание № 3 (вариант 1)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.
Грамматические функции и значения слов that, one, it.
Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.
Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.
4. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции: а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) обстоятельства цели.
5. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных
придаточных предложениях.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
The rivers and lakes in England are seldom covered with ice.
For centuries Britain has been the leading ship-builder in the world.
Wool symbolizes the wealth of the country.
Coal is being obtained close to iron fields now.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
It is never too hot or too cold in England.
We know that the British parliament is the oldest in Europe.
There are many towns in England. The greatest ones are Manchester, Liverpool, London and others.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have to
do.
1. He is to live for London next week.
They had to wait because it was raining.
It doesn't snow but the fog is very strong.
There are many rivers in Britain.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. We know the United Kingdom consists of the following parts: England,
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2. The weather I like most of all is very typical for England.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива в предложении.
It is necessary for England to produce much coal, iron and steel goods.
These are the rivers to be joined by canals.
To know much about British history you should better visit the country.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
GREAT BRITAIN
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles which lie to the west of the continent of Europe. The North Sea and the English Channel separate it from the continent. On the western coast it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and by the Irish Sea. The country consists of the following parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The climate of the country is rather mild. It is never too hot or too cold. This is of the sea that keeps the island warm in winter and makes the air cool in summer. The weather in England changes very often. They never have the same kind of weather for a long time. The rivers and lakes in England are seldom covered with ice, it seldom snows in winter; but the typical feature of the maritime climate is the fog.
There are many rivers in Britain: the Thames, the Clyde, the Severn and others but none of them are very long. Canals join many of the rivers so that it is quite possible to travel by water from one part of the country to another.
Great Britain is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Its population is more than 56 million. Most of them live in towns. The greatest ones are Manchester, Liverpool, Cardiff, Birmingham, Belfast and many others. London its capital situated on both banks of the river Thames is one of the biggest commercial centers of the world.
Great Britain is a very developed country in Europe. Most of its industries are concerned with the production of iron and steel goods, textiles and chemicals all of which play an important role in world trade. British coal is of high quality and is found close to iron fields. The oldest industry is the textile one, which plays an essential role in the national economy of the country. One of the principal industries of the United Kingdom is ship-building. For centuries Britain has been the leading ship-builder in the world.
Agriculture is also highly developed in the country, especially dairy-farming and sheep-breeding. Since ancient times wool has been the most valuable thing in Britain. It symbolizes the wealth of the country.
Контрольное задание № 4 (вариант 1)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
Сложные формы инфинитива (Passive Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive). Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объективный инфинитивный оборот, субъективный инфинитивный оборот.
Причастия (Participle I, II). Независимый (самостоятельный) причастный оборот.
Условные предложения.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие
предложения. Помните, что объективный и субъективный
инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным
предложениям.
The crew is reported to have carried out a great deal of scientific experiments.
We know the wave theory of light to be first proposed by the English physicist Robert Hooke in 1665.
3. Nearly all refrigerators to be used at home are based upon the principle that the
rapid evaporation of a liquid produces cooling.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод
зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных
оборотов.
A curve showing the behaviour of metal is given in Fig. 21.
About 100 years ago a French scientist Pierre Curie subjecting certain crystalline materials to pressure observed that they produced an electric charge.
The computer's electronic memory recording all the operator's commands the picture of deviations was produced.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на то,
как переводятся условные предложения.
1. If one looks at his own face in a mirror, the image observed is technically
described as perverted.
If the service life of the instrument had been prolonged, the economic effect would have been increased many times.
It would be impossible to ensure the full supply of energy without atomic power stations.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
ELECTRONICS - SCIENCE OF THE FUTURE
Much attention is given to electronics, which is playing a major part in economic development. It has not only helped to reach cosmic expanses but has given an insight into the world of the most minute organisms - viruses. For instance, a modern electronic microscope shows the processes taking place in ultra-microscopic formations of a living cell. Now it is possible to distinguish details being a millionth of a millimeter away from each other.
Electronics is in many ways helping us to solve the problem of the peaceful uses of atomic energy and to study atomic nuclei and elementary particles. We know electronics to have found broad application in industry as a means of automation, control and inspection, and as a direct means of fulfilling such operations as melting, cutting of superhard materials, welding, etc.
The electron beam acting like a micro-miniature instrument can cut, bore, mill or plane any material, including tungsten and diamond, with an accuracy to
within microns. Quantum generators can focus light in extremely narrow beams. These instruments are called lasers and they can be used for cutting, drilling, welding and other treatment of materials.
The lasers are also used in studying the properties of various substances, in radio-engineering, medicine, biology, etc. Scientists believe that such a beam of light will make it possible to establish contact with the stellar systems closest to our planet,
V. Письменно ответьте на вопрос к тексту: What branches of engineering and science can lasers be used in?
Контрольное задание № 5 (вариант 1)
Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 5, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
Грамматические функции глаголов should, would.
Обороты с инфинитивом и причастием, равнозначные придаточным предложениям.
Различные значения слов: as, because, because of, due to, for, since, both ... and, either ... or, neither ... nor.
I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык,
обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и
would.
The engineer should know both the advantages and the disadvantages of the materials used.
Any explanation of how the sun generates heat by fission would have been impossible 100 years ago.
If we placed this material in vacuum, its mechanical properties would be changed.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык,
принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные
обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
The atoms are usually combined chemically into groups called molecules, these molecules being in constant motion.
In order to calculate the volume of any object you must measure its height, width and depth.
The rays passing though the object being examined produce an image on X-ray film.
The engineers are interested in plastics because they offer a rare combination of properties found in no other materials.
Electrical forces seem to play a very important part in holding crystals together.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык,
обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
As to this device it is capable to convert sunlight to another form of energy.
Neither plastics nor metals have all the desirable properties that the engineer looks for.
The structure of an atom is similar to a planetary system since electrons orbit around a central nucleus.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:
X-RAYS
The modern atomic age, which we live in, began because of an accidental discovery. In 1895 a German scientist named Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the existence of X-rays. He revealed that these X-rays could pass through solid matter and expose an X-ray film. This discovery led immediately to the use of X-rays in medicine, a use we are all familiar with.
Although Roentgen discovered the properties of X-rays he did not know what the rays were. He therefore called them X-rays, the X standing for their unknown nature. Today scientists know X-rays to be electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency and therefore of extremely short wave length. X-rays are considered to be produced whenever rapidly moving electrons bombard any solid material. The greater the atomic weight of the material, the more plentiful the X-rays, the greater the speed of the electrons the higher the frequency of the X-rays.
As mentioned above X-rays were in a wide use for diagnostic purposes in medicine since their discovery. Industrial radiology has been discovered later particularly for inspecting welds and castings in the automobile and airplane industries. Flaws and cracks inside the metal are readily revealed due to the use of X-ray techniques. Famous paintings are often X-rayed to determine whether they are the originals or forgeries.
Using X-ray irradiation the scientists have learnt to change structures of well-known materials such as metals, ceramics, etc. radiation is known to be a mutagenic agent. In microbiology mutations are increased by radiation. Many new uses of X-rays have been found in agriculture.
Контрольное задание № 6 Вариант 1
(для специальности 060800 «Экономика и управление») I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
The Budget
The purpose of the Budget in Britain is not only to raise revenue to meet Government expenditure but also to regulate the national economy.
The Budget is the main occasion each year on which the Exchequer Accounts are reviewed. On Budget Day the Chancellor of the Exchequer presents a Financial Statement. Besides giving details of the tax changes proposed in the
Budget Speech it forecasts Government receipts and payments in the coming year and compares the outturn for the past 12 months (Its April till 3 lsl March) with the previous Budget estimates.
The bulk of the expenditure in the Budget goes on Supply services. These account for the day-to-day spending on goods and services, buildings by Government civil and defense departments. These include all defense expenditures as grants by the Government in support of the National Insurance Funds and local authority services (education, local health and welfare services, etc.), the National Health Service, agricultural subsidies and most of the overseas aid program. Estimates of this supply expenditure have to be submitted to and voted by Parliament annually, they are published in the Vote on Account in advance of the Budget so that the expected total of Government spending for the year under Supply services will be known.
Найдите инфинитивы в первом абзаце и определите их функции.
Письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:
Where does the bulk of the expenditure in the Budget go?
Контрольное задание № 6 Вариант 2
(для специальности 170700 «Машины и аппараты текстильной и легкой
промышленности»)
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
The sewing machine, class 997
The sewing machine, class 997, is intended for performing different stitching operations at sewing garments of cotton, silk, linen and light woolen fabrics. Sewing is made in a single line with a double-thread lock stitch.
This high-speed sewing machine is a modernized version of the sewing machine, class 97. It is provided with a device for the automatic stoppage of the needle in predetermined position, cutting of threads at the end of the operation and automatic lift of the presser foot.
The mechanism for automatically stopping the needle in one of the two positions (top or bottom) is made as a separate attachment so that it can be installed on any machine of previous models.
The automatic device for cutting the top and bottom threads is arranged in the machine arm. Cutting of the threads with the needle in top position is effected by means of a vertical needle-shaped presser foot lifting the knife is returned into initial position.
Presser foot lifting is effected automatically in one of the two following ways: at needle stoppage both in bottom and top position; at needle stoppage only in top position.
The machine, class 997, is provided with an automatic control system ensuring automatic operation of all above-mentioned devices and their infallible interaction.
Найдите причастия в последнем абзаце и определите их функции.
Письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: What devices is this machine provided with?
Контрольное задание № 6 Вариант 3
(для специальности 280800 «Технология швейных изделий»)
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Textile fibres
All the materials used in the manufacture of clothing are known to be called textiles. They are made of either long or short fibres. These fibres can be felted together or made into a continuous thread or yarn and then woven or knitted.
No material is more common in the world than fibres; it is in the form of all vegetable and most animal substances. To be suitable for textile purposes a fibre must possess certain properties and qualities such as length, strength, cohesiveness, elasticity and many others.
According to their origin the fibres may be divided into vegetable ones (cotton, flax), fibre is a soft substance growing around the cottonseed. When the seeds are ripening, their fibres spring out of the burst ball and are picked manually or mechanically. The strength of cotton fibres is relatively high in sprite of their fineness and it further increases when wetted.
Cotton fibres are, however, not very elastic that is why cotton fabrics crease easily. Absorbing moisture well cotton fibres can be easily dyed. As cotton fibres are good conductors of heat, cotton textiles have a cooling effect when worn in hot weather.
Найдите причастия в четвертом абзаце и определите их функции.
Письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: Why do cotton fibres crease easily?
Контрольное задание № 6 Вариант 4
(для специальности 281000 «Товароведение и экспертиза товаров (в области производства и обращения товаров и сырья легкой промышленности)»)
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
As defined by the committee on definitions of the American Marketing Association, marketing is "the performance of business activities directed toward and incident to, the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or user".
Today discovering demand, managing demand, and physically supplying demand constitute the three major divisions of marketing effort undertaken by many firms. Marketing management approached this status in the 1950's when the General Electric Company enunciated a policy declaring that "marketing begins with the consumer". By discovering and filling unmet wants, its marketing program was designed to produce what General Electric could sell because customers had certain unmet wants. Subsequently, having what you could sell instead of trying to "high pressure" customers into buying what you have required provided the use of marketing research and environment "scanning" of conditions affecting business.
The key concept of market selection and product planning is the Product Life Cycle. It predicts that any product pass through various stages between its life and death (introduction - growth - maturity - decline). So companies can make better marketing decisions if they find out where each of their products stands in its life cycle.
Найдите и выпишите из текста причастия I в функции обстоятельства.
Письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос: What is the key concept of product planning?
Контрольное задание № 6
Вариант 5 (для специальности 281100 «Технология изделий из кожи») I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Footwear material characteristics
There can be few solid materials in the world that at some time or other have not been used for shoes - leather, cloth, wood, brass, glass and grass. The two controlling factors have always been availability and suitability. From time immemorial leather has been pre-eminent shoe material due to its unique physical properties. Our predecessors probably never tried to analyze the reasons why leather was so suitable for shoemaking and foot comfort - they knew that it was and took it for granted. Today we are beginning to understand some of these reasons. Now we can describe and explain many economic and physical properties, which are obligatory for footwear materials to have. A description of these properties follows.
Elasticity and plasticity are important not only for shoe upper materials but also for soles and insoles. Even for heels many people prefer an elastic material to soften the blow of putting the foot to the ground in walking on a hard surface.
Permeability is the ability of a shoe material to pass air, water vapour. It is one of the most important factors contributing to foot comfort.
Abrasion resistance is the ability of shoe materials to withstand abrasion, that is one of the most important desirable properties.
Strength and stretch, flexibility, thermal conductivity, chemical constitution and reaction with the foot - these are the most essential properties to be mentioned.
II. Найдите инфинитивы в первом абзаце и определите их функции.
III. Письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:
Why has leather been pre-eminent shoe material?
Контрольное задание № 1 (вариант 2)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.
Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания -$. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.
Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных. Конструкции типа the more... the less.
Числительные.
Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные.
Форма настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и будущего (Future) времени группы Indefinite действительного залога изъявительного
наклонения. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past и Future Indefinite. Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма. 6. Простое распространенное предложение: прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; обратный порядок слов вопросительного предложения. Оборот there is (are).
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
This student's father works at one the research institutes.
Novosibirsk produces various machines and devices,
The State Public Scientific and Technical Library has more than five million volumes on its shelves.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание
на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
In 1891-1893 Garin-Mikhailovsky built the left-bank tracks of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Novosibirsk is first populated center to the cast of the Urals having an underground railway of its own.
Novosibirsk has trade partners in countries.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы
сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.
The Ob is the longest river in Siberia with the shortest name.
The more often you visit Novosibirsk the more you like it.
Our Opera and Ballet House is one of the most beautiful theatres in the world.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык,
обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных
местоимений.
There are some joint ventures in Novosibirsk.
Nobody knew anything about this experiment.
3. Some streets are named after famous people.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-
временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите
предложения на русский язык.
The residents of Novosibirsk named the Railway Square of the city after Garin-Mikhailovsky.
The city will grow and become more beautiful in the future.
Novosibirsk is a scientific and cultural center.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
NOVOSIBIRSK
Novosibirsk is situated on the great Siberian river Ob. It was founded in 1893 by the well-known Russian writer and engineer N. Garin-Mikhailovsky. The residents of Novosibirsk called the Railway Square of the city by his name. The town was first called Novonikolayevsk and only in 1925 it was renamed in Novosibirsk.
Today Novosibirsk is a big industrial, scientific, cultural and educational center. Heavy industry, namely machine building, is the most developed one in the city. Novosibirsk produces various machines and devices now.
Novosibirsk is the first populated center to the east of the Urals having an underground railway of its own. There are many joint-ventures in Novosibirsk. Our city has trade partners in many countries.
Novosibirsk is called a city of three Academies: the Siberian Branch of the Russian Agricultural Academy, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Medical Academy and the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Academgorodok, the township of the Russian Academy of Sciences is famous throughout the world. It is situated on the coast of the man-made Ob Sea in the middle of a forest. About twenty research institutes and the State University are situated here.
Residents of Novosibirsk are proud of its State Academic Opera and Ballet House, which is often called "The Siberian Bolshoy". The Operetta House, the dramatic Theatres "Stary Dom" and "Krasny Fakel", Puppet Theatre, Art Gallery, City local museum - that why Novosibirsk is called a cultural center.
Novosibirsk is an educational center as well. There are more than twenty higher educational establishments, many colleges, more than two hundred schools. The city is still growing and becoming more beautiful with every passing day.
Контрольное задание № 2 (вариант 2)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.
Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог -Indefinite (Present, Past, Future), формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future), формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); б) пассивный залог: формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола сап - to be able; б) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: его эквиваленты to have to, to be to, should.
Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund -герундий, простые формы.
Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
Интернациональные слова.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них
глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог.
Переведите предложения на русский язык. People from many countries had come to live in the colonies.
The problem of financing is constantly occupying the minds of businessmen. The President is elected for a four-year term.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните причастие I и
причастие II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите,
является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-
сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. When adopted the Constitution became the most important document of the
USA.
The Senate consists of 100 members elected by people of the states.
Being the capital of the country Washington isn't the largest city in the USA.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них
модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на
русский язык.
The plants can grow well in the southern part of the country.
The executive branch of the government should be responsible for executing the laws.
3. In the 17'' century the major European countries had to expand their territories. IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The USA is located in the central part of North America. Along the Atlantic coast the land is flat and there are many good harbours where large cities have grown up. In the northern part of the country the ground is stony and not very good for fanning. In the southern part the climate is quite warm and tobacco, cotton, rice, oranges, lemons and other fruits grow well in the sunny state of Florida.
The population of the USA is over 228 million. The capital of country is Washington. The history of the United States goes back to the 17th century when the major European countries began to expand their territories. The first English settlement was established in
1607. Although people from many countries had come to live in the colonies most of the settlers were English and brought to the new land the English language, culture and customs. On July 4, 1776 men from each colony came to Philadelphia in order to meet in the Continental Congress. This Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Since that times the 4th of July is America's great national holiday.
The United States is now a Federal Union of 50 states. The Federal Government of the USA is divided into three main branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial. The head of the executive power is the President. The legislative branch of the government is the Congress that consists of two Houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The function of the Congress is to make laws and to finance the operation of the government. The judicial branch of power is the Supreme Court.
Контрольное задание № 3 (вариант 2)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.
Грамматические функции и значения слов that, one, it.
Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видо-временных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.
Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.
Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции: а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) обстоятельства цели.
Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Many 16-storey houses with all modern conveniences are being built in our country.
The world's deepest lake - Lake Baikal is situated in Russia.
Many people are engaged in agriculture and industry.
The climate in Russia varies from arctic in the north to continental in the central part of the country and subtropical in the south.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
It is necessary to know the history of our country.
We know that Russia is very rich in mineral resources.
The white stripe of Russia's banner symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for the sky, and the red one symbolizes liberty.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have to
do.
This new bill is to be approved by both Chambers of the Federal Assembly.
The tourists had to wait for the next bus.
At many higher educational establishments the students do not pay for education.
The total number of rivers in Russia is over two million.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
We know the Russia Federation comprises 21 republics.
Every bill the President has signed becomes a law.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива в предложении.
It is necessary to produce much grain, meat, milk and other dairy products.
The President appoints ministers to be approved by the Federal Assembly.
To become a law a bill must be signed by the President.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
The Russian Federation
Our country the Russian Federation is one of the largest countries in the world. Its total area is 17 million square kilometers, its population is about 170 mln inhabitants. The Federation comprises 21 republics.
Russia is washed by the seas of three oceans: the Arctic in the North, the Atlantic in the West and the Pacific in the East. The land of Russia varies from thick forests to barren desserts, from high peaked mountains to deep valleys. The total number of rivers in Russia is over two million, the most important being: the Volga, the Lena, the Ob etc. the world's deepest lake - Lake Baikal is also situated in Russia.
The climate in Russian varies from arctic in north to continental in the central part of the country and subtropical in the south.
Russia is a highly industrialized agrarian republic. Its vast mineral recourses include oil and natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, aluminium, gold and other non-ferrous metal. The main branches of industry are metallurgy, aircraft building, machine building, electrical equipment, electronics, chemical industry, foodstuff industry and many different branches of light industry.
Many people are engaged in agriculture and they produce much grain, meat, milk and other dairy products. The largest granaries are located in the North Caucasus and Volga region.
The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow with the population of about 10 million.
The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993. It is a constitutional Republic with President as Head of State. The Federal Government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial..
The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma.
The executive belongs to the Government, which is headed by the Prime Minister.
The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the regional courts.
Контрольное задание № 4 (вариант 2)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
Сложные формы инфинитива (Passive Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive). Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объективный инфинитивный оборот, субъективный инфинитивный оборот.
Причастия (Participle I, II). Независимый (самостоятельный) причастный оборот.
3. Условные предложения.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения. Помните, что объективный и
субъективный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют
придаточным предложениям.
1. A.S. Pushkin is considered to be the most important writer of all time.
We know Pushkin to have provided the standards for Russian arts and literature in the 19lh century.
"Eugeni Onegin" is known to become the linguistic and literary standard.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод
зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных
оборотов.
The education offered at the lyceum shaped Pushkin's life.
His wife having been suspected of an affair with Baron Georges d'Antes, Pushkin challenged d'Antes to a duel.
Being transferred to Ekaterinoslav Pushkin continued writing his anti-tsarist poetry.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на то, как
переводятся условные предложения.
If you had read many books in your life, you could have written your composition better.
If the quality of these books were better, it would be more interesting for children to read them.
It would be impossible to speak about the history of Russia without mentioning A.S. Pushkin.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
A.S. PUSHKIN
Pushkin is the most important Russian writer of all time, like Shakespeare in England or Dante in Italy. Pushkin provided the standards for Russian arts and literature in the 19th century.
Pushkin was born in Moscow in 1799 in an upper-class family. In 1811 he entered a lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo. The education offered at the lyceum shaped Pushkin's life. Having graduated from the lyceum Pushkin began to work in the foreign office in St. Petersburg.
In 1820 the foreign office transferred Pushkin to Ekaterinoslav, and later to Odessa for writing anti-tsarist poetry. Then he was exiled to Mikhailovskoye. In 1824 Tsar Nicolas I allowed Pushkin to return to Moscow.
Pushkin felt in love with Natalya Goncharova and they got married. His wife was suspected of an affair with Baron Georges d'Antes. Pushkin challenged d'Antes to a duel. Pushkin was wounded and died two days later.
Pushkin created also a number of masterpieces in drama and prose, "Eugene Onegin", "Little Tragedies" and "The Stone guest" being the best works in the world history of drama. Pushkin's use of Russian influenced the language of Great Russian writers Turgenev, Goncharov, Tolstoy.
Pushkin's early death shocked the country. Pushkin, called by many "the sun of Russian literature", belongs among the foremost poets and writers of the world.
V. Письменно ответьте на вопрос к тексту: Why did Pushkin challenge d'Antes to a duel?
Контрольное задание № 5 (вариант 2)
Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 5, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
Грамматические функции глаголов should, would.
Обороты с инфинитивом и причастием, равнозначные придаточным предложениям.
Различные значения слов: as, because, because of, due to, for, since, both ... and, either ... or, neither ... nor.
Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.
In order to satisfy the demands of comprehensive automation the output of automatic instruments should be greatly increased.
Had man learnt to control thermonuclear explosions he would have a practically inexhaustible source of energy.
In the future new alloys and synthetic materials should replace the metals we use today.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык,
принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
When developing space technology we are facing a number of difficult problems.
Scientists consider solar energy to be an ideal source of power for artificial satellites.
Many sources of X-rays are supposed to exist in the Universe, but the technical difficulties of observing them are great.
Having subjected crystals to X-radiation the scientists could obtain materials with special properties.
Architects have designed and built houses to be heated by solar energy.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык,
обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. For a long time the scientists dreamed to obtain electric power
directly from the sun.
2. Man has recognized that sunlight is a powerful source of energy since
ancient times.
3. In the field of chemistry lasers are used either for diagnostic purposes
or for producing chemical changes.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
In recent years scientific and technological developments have drastically changed life on our planet as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society an of the Universe as a whole.
Today science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life. In turn technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research.
Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history people have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques to make their lives easier.
Of course, when we speak of technology today we are looking at it in a much narrower sense. Generally we mean industrial technology or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society. Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology.
In a sense the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.