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Our Planet Is In Danger
Text 1 The Greenhouse Effect
A greenhouse is a building made of glass where you can grow flowers and other plants that need a lot of warmth.
How it works. The sun shines in through the glass and warms the greenhouse and the roof and walls keep the heat from getting out.
OUR GREENHOUSE. The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of gasses. The gas named carbon dioxide acts just like a greenhouse. The sun shines in and the blanket of gases traps the heat like a roof, keeping it close to the planet. That’s good.We cannot live without warmth.
What is going on. Factories, electric power plants and cars are making a lot of gases. Even trees, when they are cut down give off gases. These new gases are trapping more and more of the sun’s heat. This is called greenhouse effect or global warming.
What Can Happen. If the Earth’s temperature gets hotter by just a few degrees it could change the weather all over the world in big ways. Places that are warm would become too hot to live in, and places that are cold would become warm. The places that grow our food would get too hot to do it.
Text 2 The Ozone Hole
The ozone layer. Up in the sky, above the air we breathe, there is a layer of called ozone. It helps us by blocking out rays from the sun that can harm our and by letting the rays that are good for us come though. We are lucky to have ozone layer to protect us.
What is happening. Now the ozone layer is being damaged by gases that people have made. The gases are called CFCs — chloro — fluoro — carbons. They are used in refrigerators, fire extinguishes, air-conditioners, plastic foam and some other things.
How it happens. The CFCs float up to the top of the atmosphere where the layer of ozone is and “eat up” the ozone.
Scientists are concerned about the ozone layer, because a lot of it has gone away in just a few years. So it is important that we learn to do something about it.
Text 3 Air Pollution
The old days. Until about 150 years ago, the air was clean and pure — perfect for the people and animals to breathe.
Factories. Then people started building factories. Those factories and many of the things they make, like cars, put a lot of harmful gases into the air. Then people started driving cars, which added more pollution to the air.
Today. Today the air is so polluted that it is not always safe to breathe.
THE BROWN STAFF. Many cities around the world have air filled with a pollution called “smog”. This is so strong in some places that the air which should be blue, actually looks brown.
Down with the pollution. Polluted air is not only bad for people and animals, but for trees and other plants as well. And in some places it is even damaging farmers’
crops — the food we eat. So it is very important for us to clean up the air we all breathe.
Text 4 Water Pollution
The planet Earth is mostly water. Oceans cover the biggest part of it — there are lakes, rivers, streams and even water underground. All life on Earth — from the littlest bug to the biggest whale — depends on this water. It is precious. But we are not doing a good job of keeping water clean. In many places, the water has become polluted. Rivers and lakes are polluted by garbage or by poisonous chemicals which are dumped right into them. Underground water can be polluted by gasoline or other harmful liquids that seep into the ground. Some fertilizers and pesticides used on farms leak down through the dirt, too.
The ocean which is a home to so much life, has been used as a place to dump garbage and poisonous chemicals. It is getting polluted, too.
We need to save our water, to keep it clean and healthy so people, plants and animals will always have come to drink. And so fish and other creatures will have a place to live.
Text 5 Acid Rain
Up in the sky. When we look up, we see clouds and the blue sky. But there are other things in the sky that we don’t see. Some of these are harmful to the Earth.
What happens. When power plants burn coal to make electricity, and when cars burn gasoline, invisible gases are released into the air. Some of these gases can mix with rain or snow and make it acidic, like lemon juice or vineger.
What can happen. Sometimes the gases get into rain clouds, where they get mixed in with rain or snow. Then the acid falls back to earth with rain or snow. This is called acid rain.
Bad news. Acid rain is extremely harmful to plants, rivers and lakes, and the creatures that live in them. In some places it is killing forests. And it pollutes the water that animals and people need to drink.
Our mission. It’s very important for us to stop making acid rain. One good way is to drive our cars less. Another good way is to save energy. The less energy we use, the less fuel those power plants have to burn. Industrial countries should control their level of pollution. This is already happening in some parts of Europe. There are several countries (“The 30 % Club”) have cut their acid rain pollution by 30 %.