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Exercise 1 Listen to the following words and word combinations. Try to memorize them.
1 track- and non-track facilities — колійне та неколійне господарство
2. reinforced-concrete sleepers — залізобетонні шпали
3. survey — дослідження
4. railway construction engineer — інженер-будівельник залізниць
5. right of way — полоса відводу
6. roadbed — земляне полотно
7. fasternings — кріплення
8. permanent way — верхня будова колії
9. inch — дюйм (2,5 см.)
10. round house — кормова рубка
11. ware house—склад
12. broken stone — щебінь
13. to distribute a load — розподіляти навантаження
14. to hold at the exact distance — утримувати на точній відстані
15. gauge — ширина колії
16. to transfer a load — передавати навантаження
17. prestressed concrete — попередньонапружений бетон
18. to join together — з’єднуватися
19. fishplate — стикова накладка
20. trunk line — магістраль
21. to drain off water — відкачувати воду
22. ditch — канава
23. span — перегін
24. support —підпора
25. long-welded — безстиковый
26. abutments — берегові устої
27. to drive piers (piles) — забивати стовпи (палі)
28. span structure — перегінна будова
29. mountain range — гірське пасмо
30. lining — облицювання, опалубка
31. railway maintenance – експлуатація залізниць
32. to embed beams — вмуровувати, вставляти балки
33. to fix the rails — утримувати рельси
34. terminal — вокзал
EXERCISE 2 Find the definitions to the following words:
to distribute to fasten smth. firmly to smth.
terminal to connect or combine two or more things
station a long narrow channel that carries away water
to transfer building material made by mixing cement with sand,
small stones and water
span to seperate smth. into parts
to fix a place where trains stop on a railway line
ditch the distance between two supports of a bridge
to join to move smth. from one place to another
to embed a place or building where journeys by train
begin
concrete to fix smth. deeply and firmly in a mass
EXERCISE 3 Translate the following group of derivatives and explain word-building in each case.
1. distributedistribution,distributional,distributive,distributor
2. stressstressed,stressful,prestressed
3. fastenfastener,fastening
4. constructconstruction,constructive,constructively,constructor
5. fixfixed,fixer,fixity
6. movemovable,movement,remove
7. skillskillful,skilled,skillfully
8. designdesigner,designing
9. createcreation,creative,creator,creatively,creativity
10. transfertransference,transferable,transferability.
EXERCISE 4 Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
1. I study at the Railway Construction faculty, which was formed in 1945.
2. I specialize in railway construction track, track and track facilities.
3. Such subjects as Theory of Steel and Reinforced Concrete Constructions, Railway Track, Construction of Bridges and Tunnels are delivered for the students of our speciality.
4. Future specialists have to be technically competent in both general engineering and special construction engineering questions.
5. The railway includes land, right of way, roadbed, track, signal and communication systems, station and other buildings.
6. The ballast consists of gravel, broken stone, sand and other materials.
7. The sleepers hold two rails at the exact distance, which is called the gauge.
8. Railway facilities are usually divided into two general groups: road and equipment.
9. The bridge is a structure across rivers, canals, ditches, etc., which consists of spans and supports (abutments and piers).
10. Tunnels are built to provide direct automobile or railway routes through mountain ranges, under or over rivers.
11. Our country needs a great number of specialists for the railway construction and maintenance.
EXERCISE 5 Read and translate the text.
There are two higher educational establishments in Ukraine which train highly-qualified specialists for railway transport. The oldest of them is the Ukrainian State Academy of Railway Transport. I study at the Railway Construction faculty that was founded in 1945 and trains specialists in the following specialities: railway construction, civil and industrial constructions, track and track facilities, construction and road machines. My speciality is railway construction, track and track facilities. I study different engineering and special subjects. Such subjects as Theory of Steel and Reinforced Concrete Constructions, Railway Track, Survey and Designing of Railways, Organization of Track Facilities, Construction of Bridges and Tunnels, Structural Mechanics, Hydraulics are of special importance for a construction engineer. This profession requires specialized knowledge in general educational, general engineering, special subjects and, of course, practical skills.
First of all some words about the railway and track structure. The railway includes land, right of way, roadbed, track, signal and communication systems, station and other buildings. The combination of rails, sleepers, fastenings, ballast, etc. is known as the track structure or permanent way. As for the ballast it should not be less than 24 inches deep. The ballast consists of gravel, broken stone, sand and other materials. It distributes the load from sleepers to the roadbed and drains off rain water.
The sleepers hold two rails at the exact distance. It is called the gauge. The sleepers transfer the load from the rails to the ballast. There are wooden sleepers, concrete sleepers, reinforced-concrete sleepers, prestressed-concrete sleepers. The rails are fixed to the sleepers by means of various types of fastenings. Rails are joined together with the help of fishplates.
The railway track is required to carry very heavy loads and to permit such loads to move in safety at high speeds. Much attention is paid to track facilities. Reinforced-concrete sleepers are used on many trunk-lines. The rails (mainly long-welded) are laid on broken stone ballast. The standart length of a single rail in America is 39 feet, the 60-foot rail is common in Europe.
As for railway facilities, they are usually divided into two general groups: road and equipment. It includes different buildings at terminals, shops and round-houses, warehouses, power plants and lines, offices and other buildings; many types of structures are located both on and off the railway line.
And now some words about bridges and tunnels. The bridge is a structure across rivers, canals, ditches, etc. It consists of spans and supports (abutments and piers). There are different types of bridges. In accordance with the material of span structure all the bridges are divided into wooden, stone, metal, concrete and reinforced-concrete. As to the system of span structure there are beam bridges, arch bridges, suspention bridges and others. The beam bridge is the simpliest one. It consists of a beam with its ends resting on piers. The arch bridge is the most beautiful one.
The tunnel is an underground structure for transport, pedestrians and other purposes. Tunnelling is a difficult, expensive and dangerous engineering work. Tunnels are built to provide direct automobile or railway routes through mountain ranges, under or over rivers. The most important element of the tunnel construction is the lining.
Our country needs a great number of specialists for the railway construction and maintenance. Our railway engineers are to solve a lot of problems nowadays. Graduates of our faculty work at track- and non-track facilities enterprises. Track railway divisions1, track machine stations2, technical departments of track maintenance and of line subdivision3 can be regarded as track facilities enterprises. As for non-track facilities enterprises, they include all types of construction enterprises. After graduating from the academy we will design and construct railways, railway stations, bridges, tunnels; civil and industrial buildings and many other structures.
track railway division – дистанцiя колiї
track machine stations – колiйнi машиннi станцiї
technical departments of track maintenance and of line subdivision- технiчнi вiддiли служб колiї та лiнiйних пiдроздiлiв
Exercise 13 Express the same in English.
1) Моя спецiальнiсть - це будiвництво залiзниць, колiя та колiйне господарство.
2) Залiзниця включaє полосу вiдводу, земляне полотно, колiю, сигнальнi та комунiкативнi системи, станцiю та iншi споруди.
3) Тунель - це пiдземна структура, яка потрiбна для транспорту, пiшоходiв та iнших цiлей.
4) Будiвельна (structural) iнженерiя - пiдроздiл цiвiльноi iнженерiї, яка займається стацiонарними спорудами (будовами).
5) Сучасний iнженер розумiє, що повинен брати до уваги рiзнi аспекти роботи i заздалегiдь уважно виконувати розрахунки в плануваннi.
6) Баласт складається з гравiю, щебню, пiску та iнших матерiалiв.
7) Я знаю рiзнi види мостiв: понтонний, арковий, бетонний арковий, естакадний, балковий, пальовий, висячий та iншi.
8) Найважливiший елемент в будiвництвi туннелю - це облицювання (опалубка).
9) Першi мости були зробленi iз каменю та цегли.
10) Випусники нашого факультету працють на пiдприємствах дистанцiй колiї, колiйних машинних станцiях, технiчних вiддiлах служб колiї та лiнiйних пiдроздiлах, будiвельних та iнших пiдприємствах.
Exercise 1 Read and translate the following words and word - combinations into Ukrainian.
1. construction and road machines - будiвельнi та шляховi машини
2. railway construction engineer - iнженер-будiвельник залiзниць
3. to possess a profound knowledge - володiти глибокими знаннями
4. to deal with - мати справу з
5. track-laying operations - колiєукладальнi роботи
6. hoisting operations - пiдйомнi роботи
7. hoister - пiдiймач
8. to be capable to do smth.- бути спроможнiм щось робити
9. earthmoving operations - роботи по перемiщенню грунта
10. to handle materials - транспортувати матерiали
11. maintenance - ремонт, експлуатацiя
12. reliability - надiйнiсть
13. to dismantle worn out track - демонтувати вiдпрацьовану колiю
14. 1oading-unloading operations - навантажувально-розвантажувальнi роботи
15. to accelerate the process - прискорювати процес
16. track-assembling depot - колiєзбiрне депо
17. self-propelled сrane - самохiдний кран
18. vehicle - транспортний засiб
19. to haul trains - везти поїзди
20. removable equipment - з'ємне обладнання
21. winch - лебiдка
22. to dump smth back - вивантажувати
23. transmission, drive - передача
24. hydraulic - гiдравлiчний
25. heat- and soundproof cab - тепло- та шумоiзольована кабiна
26. window-wipers - склоочисники (двiрники)
27. heating - обiгрiв
28. to tamp the ties - пiдбивати шпали
29. internal combustion engine - двигун внутрiшнього згорання
30. roadbed - земельне полотно
Exercise 2 Find the definitions to the following words:
to possess a thing used for transporting goods or people
maintenance to manage with
crane a place where vehicles are kept when they are
not being used
to deal with to press smth. down firmly
to be capable to have or own smth.
subject keeping smth. in good condition by repairing it
regularly
depot a machine with a long arm which is used to lift
and move heavy weights
to accelerate branch of knowledge studied in schools,
colleges, etc.
vehicle to have the ability or quality necessary for
doing smth.
to tamp to make smth. happen faster
Exercise 3 Pay attention to the following types of construction and road machines:
CRANES
truck crane - кран на автомобiльному ходi
crawler crane - кран на гусеничному ходi
cantilever crane - консольний кран
locomotive diesel electric crane - локомотивний дизельний кран з
електричною передачею
gantry crane - портальний кран
electric tower crane - електричний баштовий кран
mobile crane - пересувний кран
EXCAVATORS
bucket wheel excavator - кошевий роторний екскаватор
vertical pit excavator - екскаватор вертикальних ям
pile extractor - екстрактор, витягувач паль
multi-purpose ditcher - багатоцiльовий канавокопач
chain excavator - ланцюговий екскаватор
OTHER TYPES
erection and repair motor car - будiвельно-ремонтна машина
frеight motor car - навантажувальна машина
compactor - ущiльнювач (баласту)
ballast cleaner - очисник баласту
pile hammer - молот для забивання паль
push snow plough - снiгоочисник
trencher - канавокопач
1oader – навантажувальник
Exercise 4 Translate the following group of derivatives and explain word-building in each case.
1. move → movable, movement, remove
2. accelerate → accelerator, acceleration
3. possess → possessor, possessive, possessiveness, possessively
4. operate → operation, operative, operator
5. clean → cleaner, cleaning, cleanly
6. rely → reliable, reliability, reliably
7. construct → construction, constructive, constructively, constructor
8. respond → response, responsible, responsibility
9. transmit→ transmission, transmitter
10. care → careful, carefully, carefulness, careless.
Exercise 5 Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
1. The department I study at is the Railway Construction Department.
2. I specialize in construction and road machines.
3. A railway construction engineer should possess profound theoretical and practical knowledge of the railway itself, track structure, etc.
4. Students of our faculty deal with various types of construction and road machines, which are capable to do different operations such as track laying, lifting and transporting, loading and unloading, excavating, hammering and extracting piles, hoisting, conveying and earthmoving operations, etc.
5. Construction and road machines include the following: locomotive diesel electric crane, electric tower crane, ballast cleaner, bucket wheel excavator, ploughs, pile hammers, etc.
6. The machines are powered by diesel and electric engines, that's why we must know the design and operation of these motors.
7. Working with construction and road machines students of our faculty can get deep knowledge about machines, their design and maintenance as well as their specifications.
8. The graduates of our faculty work in track assembling depots, industrial enterprises, railway stations, etc.
Exercise 8 Read and translate the text.
Ukrainian State Academy of Railway transport is one of the leading higher educational establishments in Ukraine. It was founded in 1930 on the basis of the Kharkiv Institute of Railway Transport Engineers. Our Academy counts 5 faculties which train specialists in 15 specialities.
Tamper
The faculty I study at is the Construction Faculty. It was founded in 1945.I specialize in construction and road machines. After graduating from the Academy I’ll be a railway construction engineer. A railway construction engineer should possess a profound knowledge of the railway itself, track structure, etc. Students of our faculty deal with various types of construction and road machines which are capable to do different operations such as track laying, lifting and transporting, loading and unloading, excavating, hammering and extracting piles, hoisting, conveying, earthmoving operations and many others. The machines are powered by diesel and electric engines that’s why we must know the design and operation of these motors. Among others, construction and road machines include various types of cranes: track-laying cranes, locomotive diesel electric crane, cantilever crane, gantry cranes, electric power crane. There are also erection and repair motor cars, ploughs, pile hammers and extractors, ballast cleaners, compactors, hoisters and so on.
Ukrainian track-laying cranes are capable of handling complete rail length and track sections. The УК-25/9 track-laying crane is designed for laying rails up to 12.5 metres in length and dismantling worn out track, including the p65 type, with wooden or reinforced concrete ties. The locomotive diesel electric crane КДЭ-161 is designed for mechanizing material-handling and constructing jobs including loading and unloading of rail length and various track materials. Gantry cranes КДКК-5 and КДКК-10 serve for operation in track-assembling depots. These cranes may be stationary and mobile or selfpropelled (truck or crawler). Besides, such freight motor cars as ДГКу and АГМу can be considered as selfpropelled cranes for they are fitted with the cranes mounted on their decks. All the cranes are employed to handle a wide variety of materials, containers and others.
But there is also a number of machines, which are called compactors.The most widely used of them are УМ and УМТС-2. The use of the УМ compactor accelerates the process of ballast stabilization and reduces the residual deformations. The УМТС-2 unit is designed for compacting the roadbed. At present there are compactors operated by internal-combustion engines instead of electric motors. These models are used not only in railway construction but also in laying highways and other roads.
We should also pay attention to ballast cleaners ЩОМ-Д and ЩОМ-3у .These types of machines are designed to clean the gravel ballast from top to bottom of the ballast section without removing the track structure and dump the clean material back into the track. The maximum depth of cleaning is 250 mm, and the maximum width is 5000mm.
To be more precise, their models are demonstrated in special lecture rooms in our academy. Working with these machines students of our faculty can get deep knowledge about their design, operation and maintenance as well as their specifications. There is also a large number of well-equipped laboratories where the students are engaged in practical and research work.
Every year the Construction faculty trains many highly qualified specialists who work in track assembling depots, at the railway stations, industrial enterprises, designing and research institutions, ports and higher educational establishments as well.
Exercise 14 Express the same in English.
1. Я-студент 2 курсу будiвельного факультету. Моя спецiальнiсть- будiвельно-шляховi машини.
2. Наш факультет готує iнженерiв будiвникiв для залiзничного транспорту.
3. Будiвельно-шляховi машини можуть виконувати рiзнi операцiї, такi як: укладання колiї, пiдйомно-транспортнi роботи, навантажно-розвантажувальнi та екскавацiйнi роботи, забивання та витягування паль, пiдйомнi операцii, операцii по перемiщенню грунта.
4. Українскi будiвельно-шляховi машини володiють великою ефективнiстю, надiйнiстю, унiверсальнiстю та економiчнiстю роботи.
5. Я знаю такi види кранiв, як: крани колiєукладальнi, локомотивнi дизельнi з електричною передачею, портальнi, консольнi, електричнi баштовi та iншi. Крiм того крани бувають стацiонарнi та пересувнi (самохiднi). Пересувнi бувають на автомобiльному ходi, на гусенічному, а також можуть устатковуватись на залiзничних навантажувальних машинах.
6. Я також знаю рiзнi види екскаваторiв для витягування паль, ковшеві роторні, багатоцiльовi канавокопачi, екскаватори вертикальних ям для столбiв контактних систем електричних лiнiй.
7. В нашiй майбутнiй професii ми будемо мати справу з рiзними видами навантажувачiв.
8. Бiльшiсть машин обладненi просторими тепло- та шумоiзольованими кабiнами, устаткованi вентиляцiєю, освiтленням та обiгрiвом.
9. Зазвичай кабiна має склоочисники (двiрники), сигнальну систему та пульт керування.
10. Випускники нашого факультету працюють в колiєзбiрних депо, на залiзничних станцiях, промислових пiдприємствах, конструкторських бюро та дослiдницьких закладах, в портах та залiзничних вищих навчальних закладах.