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AUDITING. INTRODUCTOIN
"In God we trust, all others we audit". This quote sums up a basic viewpoint of some professionals towards auditing. Auditing has existed in one form or another since ancient times. Records show that auditing activity was part of early life in Babylonia, China, Greece, and Rome. One ancient meaning for the word "auditor" was a ''hearer or listener". In Rome, auditors heard transactions as they took place. They observed the events as they happened and were able to recount the responsibilities and obligations to which each party was bound.
Modern auditing, as defined by the American Accounting Association, is a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users.
An examination of the definition of auditing reveals that there are three key aspects of the definition. First, auditing is not an activity which can be performed in a haphazard manner, it is a systematic process based on logic and reasoning.
Second, during an examination of financial statements the auditor objectively obtains and evaluates evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events embodied in the financial statements to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria. In the audit of financial statements prepared by a company, the established criteria are generally accepted accounting principles(GAAP). That is, the financial statements must be prepared in accordance with GAAP. Consequently, the auditor must obtain and evaluate evidence to determine whether the assertions (the elements of the financial statements) meet the established criteria (GAAP).
The third and final key aspect of the definition is that auditing involves communicating the results of the audit to interested users. The auditor communicates the findings of the audit process by issuing an audit report. In the audit report, the auditor gives an opinion as to whether the assertions are reported in accordance with the established criteria. For example, in the audit of financial statements the auditor issues an audit report which describes the scope of the examination in the first paragraph and states in the last paragraph whether in his or her opinion the financial statements are fairly presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis.