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UNIT 4
HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
1. Lead-in
1.1 Look at the pictures and say which one shows Moscow State University, Saint Petersburg State University and the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Model: I (believe, consider, suppose, guess, am sure) Moscow State University is in the (left, right, middle) picture.
1.2 Think and guess which institution
– is the oldest institution of higher education in Russia;
– was created according to the government decision;
Model: I think that the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs_____.
1.3 Listen and match the pictures with the description of the education institution. Check your answers.
1.4 Copy and complete the table. Look at your notes and talk about each institution of higher education.
|
Official title |
Foundation date |
Location |
Mission |
Teaching staff |
Students (trainees) |
2. Topical vocabulary
2.1 Listen and pronounce the following words and expressions after the speaker
Homeland – отечество
Prosperity – преуспевание, процветание, благополучие
Context – контекст, ситуация, обстановка
Facility – сооружение, объект
Tower – башня
Construction – здание, строение
To establish – основывать, учреждать, создавать
To follow – следовать, придерживаться
To fit – размещать
To include – включать
To play a role – играть роль
To employ – предоставлять работу
To create – создавать, творить
To protect – защищать, охранять
Crime detection – уголовный розыск
Crime Detection – оперативно-розыскная деятельность
Crime prevention – предупреждение преступлений
Order – порядок
Alma Mater (Latin) – альма-матер (о вузах)
All-Siberia militia commanders’ courses – Общесибирские командные курсы милиции
To make one’s way – пройти путь
Classmate – товарищ по учебе
Cadet – курсант
Source of evidence – источник доказательств
To interview witnesses – опрашивать свидетелей
To interrogate criminals – допрашивать преступников
To be grateful to – быть благодарным кому-либо
Public Security Police – полиция общественной безопасности
Distanсe education – заочное образование
Advanced education – повышение квалификации
To combat – бороться, сражаться, оказывать противодействие
Drug trafficking – оборот наркотиков
Assault – вооруженное нападение
Robbery – ограбление, кража
Juvenile delinquency – правонарушение несовершеннолетних
To take an oath – давать клятву
Unified State Examination (USE) – Единый Государственный Экзамен
Competitive – конкурсный, конкурентный
Honorable – почетный
Glorious – блистательный, прекрасный
Worthy – достойный
Promising – многообещающий, перспективный
2.2 Read the definitions and name the corresponding word from the box.
|
Alma Mater, to establish, homeland, cadet, to combat, campus, to follow, prosperity, assault, robbery, glorious, context, to employ, order. |
2.3 Try to explain the meaning of the following words and expressions.
|
to protect |
a witness |
|
construction |
distance education |
|
tower |
juvenile delinquency |
|
Crime Detection |
USE |
|
to interview |
class mate |
2.4 Match the synonyms
|
to establish |
teaching staff |
|
cadet |
humanities |
|
construction |
weapon |
|
liberal arts |
trainee |
|
firearms |
to found |
|
past |
at present |
|
currently |
theft |
|
to combat |
to fight |
|
robbery |
history |
|
faculty |
building |
2.5 Listen to Colonel Tambovtzev and insert the missing words and expressions.
The Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is my _____ ________.
As you know, it is an old institution of higher education in Interior Russia. During its almost ___-years history it has made its way from the All-Siberia militia commanders’ courses in ____ to the present day Academy.
When I studied, it was known as the Omsk Militia Higher School. All of my class mates got enrolled just after the Army_____. They came from different parts of Russia. At that time, it was a four-year course of studies and only ____were admitted to the school.
Since our major was “_____ _____” we worked hard at crime prevention, crime detection, sources of evidence, the Criminal Law. In addition, the _____ practiced professional skills: drove a patrol police car, used_____, interviewed and interrogated _______ and criminals, processed a crime scene, e tc. The curriculum was not limited to special subjects only. We ______ _ lectures on social sciences and learned foreign languages. Though not numerous, all faculty members, including trainers and instructors were highly skilled ___ _________ experts. The Academy’s alumni, among whom are almost 100 police generals, are always grateful to them.
Today the Academy has________, Public Security Police and Distance education faculties. It also provides advanced education for police officers who _____ drug trafficking, assaults and robberies, and deal with problems of juvenile delinquency. The admission is highly competitive. ________ are enrolled according to their Unified State Examination (USE) results, moral and physical standards. Freshmen, mostly former high school graduates, become policemen after they ____ __ ____ to protect law and order.
I think it is difficult and honorable to be a cadet of Omsk Academy which has a glorious history, worthy present and _______ future.
3. Grammar
PAST INDEFINITE (SIMPLE)
действие как констатация факта в прошлом
(yesterday, last year/ week, in 1996...)
|
Active |
Passive |
|
Ved/V2 I asked (я спрашивал) They taught (они обучали) |
Was/Were + Ved/V2 I was asked (меня спрашивали) They were taught (их обучали) |
Past Indefinite Active
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I He We |
He She We You They |
I He She It +did not + V We (didn' t) You They |
Past Indefinite Passive
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I He was She It Ved/V3
We You were They |
I Was He She It Ved/V3 We Were You They |
I He was not She It Ved/V3 We You were not They |
3.1. Translate the following verbs into Russian and form Past Indefinite1:
a) become, begin, deal, drive, fight, find, get, give, go, know, learn, leave, lose, make, read, see, shoot, show, speak, spend, take, teach, tell, think, write;
b) change, enter, fail, handle, inform, interview, listen, mention, remember, use;
c) ask, develop, establish, introduce, practice, search, talk, thank, work;
d) attend, award, combat, commit, communicate, conduct, consist, create, decide, direct, detect, interrogate, investigate, prevent, process, provide; support, want.
3.2 Your classmate explains why he is not ready with the home assignment. Confirm (подтвердите) his statements.
Model:
Cadet 1: I performed a special assignment yesterday
Cadet 2: It is known that he performed a special assignment yesterday.
Cadet1: Yesterday I helped junior cadets at the Crime Detection class.
Cadet 2:____________________________
Cadet1: They performed a role play.
I was asked to play the role of a criminal.
The cadets practiced investigative skills.
They processed a crime scene.
They interrogated criminals.
They interviewed witnesses.
They dealt with evidence.
They wrote a record.
The role play took much time.
When I came to the library to work on the home assignment, it was closed.
3.3 Cadet A thinks he knows everything about history of the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Consult the texts of the ex.1.4 and ex.2.5 and correct him.
Model:
Cadet A: I think the applicants entered the Omsk Militia Higher School just after high school graduation.
Cadet B: I believe (suppose, guess, think, consider, am sure) you are wrong. I think the applicants did not enter the Omsk Militia Higher School just after high school graduation. They entered the Omsk Militia Higher School just after the Army service.
Cadet1: High school graduates entered All-Siberia militia commanders’ courses.
Cadet 2:____________________________
Cadet1: The Omsk Militia Higher School cadets came only from Omsk.
The cadets studied for 6 years at the Omsk Militia Higher School.
They worked hard at Literature and Foreign Languages.
They listened to lectures on Foreign Literature.
The trainees practiced listening skills.
In Russia the first militia schools and courses of crime detection were created in 1917.
The Omsk Militia Higher School was opened in 1920.
First instructors were invited from universities.
20 years ago the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was known as All-Siberia militia commanders’ courses.
Both men and women were admitted to the school.
The curriculum was limited to reading and writing.
3.4 Think and guess Colonel Tambovtzev’s answers to the following questions:
a) When was the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs founded?
b) Did you study at the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or at the Omsk Militia Higher School?
c) Did your classmates come from Omsk?
d) Were girls admitted to the school?
e) How many years did a course last?
f) What subjects did you study?
g) What professional skills did you practice?
h) Did you study only special subjects?
i) What foreign languages did you study?
3.5 The museum guide tells about the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs history. Ask him for details.
Model:
Guide: The trainees took some exams.
Cadet: What exams did the trainees take?
Guide: The first years of the Academy were connected with the All-Siberia militia commanders’ courses.
Cadet :Why were the first years of the Academy connected with the All-Siberia militia commanders’ courses?
Guide: The first trainees studied some general and special subjects.
The term of training lasted for a short time.
The All-Siberia militia commanders’ courses in Omsk were opened at a difficult time for the country.
The graduates combated crime in Siberia and other regions.
The secondary militia school graduates got a rank and qualification.
The Great Patriotic War changed the school life.
On June 2, 1965 the secondary militia school was reorganized.
3.6 Place the words in the appropriate order to make sentences.
a) St. Petersburg / 1724 / founded/ Peter the Great / University. / In
b) the development / It / the Russian society. / played /role / an / important / in /of
c) Throughout its history /50,000 / the oldest / of Siberia / institution / law enforcement / trained /more than /specialists.
d) Omsk Militia Higher School. /Twenty / was known / as / it / years /ago /the
e) service. /All of / got enrolled / the Army / my / after / just / class mates.
f) parts / came /different /They /of Russia. / from
g) equivalent to / Military / education / was /a Specialist degree. / and militia / college / ranked as
h) Mikhail Lomonosov. / its founder / 1940 / the university / In / renamed / in honor of / was
i) fixed / programs / Study /were / term of study. /for the whole
3.7 Open the brackets putting the verbs in the Past Indefinite tense-form. Pay attention to irregular verbs!
Some days ago Colonel Tambovtzev (to lecture) on Crime Detection. He (to give) many examples from his own law enforcement experience. He (to stress) some details of crime prevention and (to mention) how he (to combat) crime when on a UN mission. Both he and his fellow-officers (to use) different weapons, (to drive) patrol police cars, (to conduct) building searches, (to process) crime scenes. They (to communicate) in English: (to interview) witnesses, (to interrogate) criminals, and (to write) reports.
We (to listen) to the lecturer with great attention and (to take) notes. Both my classmates and I (to realize) the necessity of hard work at lectures, seminars, classes, in the firearms galleries, on the sport grounds, in forensic and foreign language laboratories.
3.8 Find 6 mistakes in the text and correct them in written form.
I enter the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs some months ago. I am a freshman but my father is a graduate of it. When he studied it named the Omsk Militia Higher School. Most of his class mates got enrolled just after the Army service. The cadets come only from Omsk. They came from different regions of this country and want to devote their professional life to crime prevention and crime solution. The instructors trains them to deal with assaults, robberies and other crimes. They were taught to handle juvenile delinquency. They take an oath to protect law and order and many of them served this country with honor. I want to follow my father and become a proud graduate of the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
4. Speaking
4.1 In the following dialogue the Cadet 2 part is missing. Put in the phrases he speaks in the right order from given below.
- Did they do oral translation?
- Oh, no!
- Just fine, thanks. Can you do me a favor?
- I see. What’s the assignment for the next class?
- You know, I was on duty yesterday and missed English class, but I don’t want to fall behind the group. Could you tell me what you did in class?
- It’s a good idea! I’ll do the same.
- What did you do with that?
- Did you also read it?
A Missed Class
Сadet 1: Hi, Alex! How are you?
Сadet 2:
Сadet 1: Sure, what’s that?
Cadet 2:
Сadet 1: Well, at the beginning Mrs. Petrova checked the attendance. After that we worked with the text.
Cadet 2:
Сadet 1: At first two cadets translated some words and phrases from it.
Сadet 2:
Сadet 1: No, they wrote on the blackboard. Boris failed to translate two words and made five spelling mistakes.
Сadet 2:
Сadet 1: Then we revised the vocabulary and listened to the recording of the text.
Сadet 2:
Сadet 1: Of course, we read the text, answered the questions and got marks for it.
Сadet 2:
Сadet 1: Oh! It’s rather difficult. We have to write an essay on the topic of the text. In fact, I didn’t understand how to do it. I think I’ll ask Mrs. Petrova after the classes.
Сadet 2:
4.2 Listen to the dialogue and check ex.4.1; read the dialogue in roles.
4.3 Reconstruct the dialogue translating Russian expressions into English.
Сadet 1: Hi, Alex! How are you?
Сadet 2: Just fine, thanks. Ты можешь оказать мне услугу?
Сadet 1: Sure, what’s that?
Cadet 2: You know, вчера я был в наряде and missed English class, but I don’t want отставать от группы. Could you tell me what you did in class?
Сadet 1: Well, at the beginning Mrs Petrova проверила посещаемость. After that we worked with the text.
Cadet 2: What did you do with that?
Сadet 1: At first два курсанта переводили слова and phrases from it.
Сadet 2: Они переводили устно?
Сadet 1: No, they wrote on the blackboard. Борис не перевел два слова и сделал пять ошибок в написании.
Сadet 2: Oh, no!
Сadet 1: Then we revised the vocabulary and слушали запись текста.
Сadet 2: Did you also read it?
Сadet 1: Of course, we read the text, answered the questions and получили за это отметки.
Сadet 2: I see. Какое задание на следующее занятие?
Сadet 1: Oh! It’s rather difficult. Нам надо написать эссе on the topic of the text. In fact, I didn’t understand how to do it. Я думаю спросить Mrs Petrova after the classes.
Сadet 2: It’s a good idea! Я сделаю тоже самое.
4.4 Reproduce the dialogue reconstructing the Сadet 1 part.
A Missed Class
Сadet 1:
Сadet 2: Just fine, thanks. Can you do me a favor?
Сadet 1:
Cadet 2: You know, I was on duty yesterday and missed English class, but I don’t want to fall behind the group. Could you tell me what you did in class?
Сadet 1:
Cadet 2: What did you do with that?
Сadet 1:
Сadet 2: Did they do oral translation?
Сadet 1:
Сadet 2: Oh, no!
Сadet 1:
Сadet 2: Did you also read it?
Сadet 1
Сadet 2: I see. What’s the assignment for the next class?
Сadet 1:
Сadet 2: It’s a good idea! I’ll do the same.
4.5 Compose and act out the dialogues in the following situations.
– You were sick last week and were not present at the lecture on Crime Detection. Ask your class mate about it.
– Your friend was at the sport competitions yesterday. He wants to know the assignment for the next Russian class.
5. Reading and Vocabulary
Before reading
5.1 Read and translate some international words: specialization, medical, region, institutes, tests, results, model, specialist, select, qualification, career, professions, military, militia, equivalent, programs, report, process, migrate, traditional, modernize, structure, line, unique, trend, consolidation, federal, status.
5.2 Learn new words for reading the text. Look through the text below, find the sentences with these words and translate them into Russian.
to divide – делить
division into – деление на
stage – этап
to result in – заканчиваться
branch – отрасль
term of study – период обучения
to attain – достигать
average – среднее число
to enact a law – утверждать закон
to consist of – состоять из
previously – раньше, до этого
free – бесплатный
to retain – сохранять
pattern – модель, образец
BS – Bachelor of Science - бакалавр естественных наук
BA– Bachelor of Arts - бакалавр гуманитарных наук
MS – Master of Science – магистр естественных наук
MA– Master of Arts - магистр гуманитарных наук
UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – Организация Объединенных Наций по вопросам образования, науки и культуры
5.3 Choose the appropriate definitions.
|
average |
any part or division of a main body |
|
stage |
without cost or payment |
|
branch |
an example or model worthy of being followed or copied |
|
pattern |
to achieve something through work |
|
to divide |
a step or period in a process or development |
|
to attain |
to separate into parts or pieces |
|
free |
a number found by dividing the sum of quantities by the number of quantities |
5.4 Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
|
Bachelor s degree, resulted in, pattern, free, were divided, stages, was enacted, consists of |
- The students___ ___ into the groups after the enrollment.
- The faculty ___ ___ instructors, assistant professors, associate professors and professors.
- The new “Law on Education” in Russia ___ ___ in 2012.
- The national education ___ contains some ___.
- When my parents studied at the University education was ___.
- It takes four years to get ___ ___.
- 10 years ago higher education in Russia ___ ___ a Specialist degree.
5.5 Think and answer.
– What is the difference between higher education in Russia, Great Britain and the USA?
– Which is better for an applicant: entrance exams or USE?
– How many state-owned and private institutions of higher education are there in modern Russia?
5.6 Listen to the text. Read it, try to understand as many details as possible.
Text: Past and Present of Russian Higher Education
Historically, higher education in Russia was divided between wide curriculum universities and narrow specialization institutes. There were medical and teachers' institutes in every region of the country. Universities and institutes conducted their own admission tests. Since 2009 they admit students according to the results of the Unified State Examination (USE). A few higher education establishments are still allowed to introduce their own entrance tests in addition to USE scoring.
Unlike the United States model, there was no division into undergraduate (BS/BA) and graduate (MS/MA) levels. Higher education usually resulted in a specialist degree. It took five or six years to complete. Specialist degrees of selected high-ranking institutions were equal to Western MS/MA qualification. A specialist graduate needed no further academic qualification for a career, with the exception of some branches of medical professions that required a post-graduate stage. Military and militia college education lasted for four years and was ranked as equivalent to a specialist degree.
Study programs were (and still are) fixed for the whole term of study. According to a 2005 UNESCO report, more than half of the Russian adult population has attained higher education, which is twice as high as the average in developed countries of the world.
At present Russia is in the process of migrating from its traditional higher education model to a modernized degree structure in line with the Bologna Process model. In October 2007 Russia enacted a law that replaces the traditional five-year model of higher education. It consists of a four-year Bachelor s degree followed by a two-year Master’s degree. The five-year specialist training was previously free to all students, but the new MS/MA stage is not. The shift forces students to pay for tuition. Postgraduate education so far retains its unique pattern. There are two postgraduate degrees: Candidate of science and Doctor of science.
In the 2007–2008 academic year Russia had 8.1 million students enrolled in all forms of higher education (including military and police institutions and postgraduate studies). Foreign students accounted for 5.2% of enrollment. 6.2 million students were enrolled in 658 state-owned and 450 private civilian university-level institutions licensed by the Ministry of Education; total faculty reached 625,000 in 2005.
There is a trend for consolidation of the nation’s higher educational establishments. It began in 2006 when state universities and colleges of Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog and other southern towns were united into one Southern Federal University. A similar university was formed in Krasnoyarsk as the Siberian Federal University. The third one is the Far Eastern Federal University. Moscow State University and Saint Petersburg State University acquired the federal university status in 2007 without further organizational changes.
5.7 Translate the following word combinations from the text A. Pay attention to – ed forms in Past Indefinite Active, Past Indefinite Passive, Past Participle as an attribute.
a) conducted admission tests; usually resulted in; needed no further academic qualification; acquired the federal university status; total faculty reached; Russia enacted a law; resulted in specialist degree; that required a post-graduate stage; accounted for 5.2% of enrollment;
b) was divided; were stated; were united; was formed; were enrolled;
c) selected high-ranking institutions; institutions licensed by the Ministry of Education; state-owned university-level institutions; modernized degree structure; Bachelor s degree followed by Master’s degree; students enrolled in all forms of higher education.
After reading
5.8 Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
a) Historically Russian universities and institutes admitted students according to the results of the USE.
b) The university graduates were granted Bachelor s and Master’s degrees.
c) University curriculum was fixed.
d) State-owned and private institutions admitted students.
e) The present model of higher education consists of two stages.
f) Education is free for most Russian students.
5.9 Answer the questions.
How did Russian universities and institutes admit students?
What degree did the university students usually receive?
How long did it take to study for it?
What is the peculiarity of modern higher education in Russia?
What is the higher education model according to Bologna Process?
Do students pay tuition fees?
How many private and public universities are there in Russia?
Do many Russians take up higher education?
What is the latest trend in Russian higher education?
Assignment for a curious student.
Watch the film about the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and think how you could introduce it to William C. O'Toole and Craig Duar. (You can find the film script in the attachment). Create the text of the excursion.
6. Activity
A cover letter is often sent to the employer with a resumé or curriculum vitae. It either explains points that might not be clear, or gives further information to emphasize one’s suitability for the post, telling how your background is suited to a particular job.
6.1 Study the example of a cover letter.
Mr. Benjamin Dryden
44 Randolph Square
London EC1 4BE 24 September, 2015
Dear Mr. Dryden,
I would like to apply for the post of the Head of UN Mission Recruitment Department. As you can see from my resumé, I have some years of mission as well as police experience. At present I am particularly interested in utilizing my skills and knowledge to contribute to the effective operation of the Department.
I appreciate your considering my application and would welcome the opportunity for an interview to further discuss my qualifications. Please find my resumé enclosed.
Best regards,
Nickolai Ivanov
6 Komarov Street, apt. 67
Omsk, Russia, 644092
mobile: 8 913 812 7436
e-mail: inick@gmail.com
6.2 Write a cover letter on the basis of resumés given in the attachment.
1 Note: - ed is pronounced as d after voiced consonants and vowels; as t after voiceless consonants; as id after t,d.
In the spelling final y is changed into i before - ed after a consonant (carry - carried); y is not changed after a vowel (play - played); the final consonant is doubled if it is preceded by a short stressed vowel (stop-stopped).