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ДИРЕКТОРЛЫҚ БАҚЫЛАУ ЖҰМЫСЫНА АРНАЛҒАН МАТЕРИАЛ
ШЕТЕЛ ТІЛДЕР ПЕДАГОГИКАЛЫҚ КОЛЛЕДЖІ
«БЕКІТЕМІН» «КЕЛІСІЛГЕН»
___________________ __________________
ШТПК директоры Шпикбаева Б Директордың ОЖ орынбасары Менжулина Н.И.
____________________
Директордың ОӘЖ орынбасары Елеубаев А.Т.
« Практикалық грамматика, Практикалық фонетика»
КУРС - _IV қазақ бөлімі
Билет 1
A question tag is a question added at the end of a sentence. Speakers use question tags chiefly to make sure their information is correct or to seek argument.
2. Read the following sentences with the correct intonation of tag questions.
1. You can't answer all the questions, can you? - rising
2. You will help me to do the dishes, won't you? - falling
3. He believes you, doesn't he? - rising
4. The teacher should explain the lesson, shouldn't he? - falling
5. The boy didn't know the lesson, did he? - falling
Билет 2
The regional accents of English speakers show great variation across the areas where English is spoken as a first language. This article provides an overview of the many identifiable variations in pronunciation, usually deriving from the phoneme inventory of the local dialect, of the local variety of Standard English between various populations of native English speakers.
Local accents are part of local dialects. Any dialect of English has unique features inpronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. The term "accent" describes only the first of these, namely, pronunciation. See also: List of dialects of the English language.
Non-native speakers of English tend to carry over the intonation and phonemic inventory from their mother tongue into their English speech. For more details see Non-native pronunciations of English.
Among native English speakers, many different accents exist. Some regional accents, such as Pennsylvania Dutch English, are easily identified by certain characteristics. Further variations are to be found within the regions identified below; for example, towns located less than 10 miles (16 km) from the city of Manchester such as Bolton, Oldham and Salford, each have distinct accents, all of which form the Lancashire accent, yet in extreme cases are different enough to be noticed even by a non-local listener. There is also much room for misunderstanding between people from different regions, as the way one word is pronounced in one accent (for example, petal in American English) will sound like a different word in another accent (for example,pearl in Scottish English).
Example: A possessive B possessive C possessive
1 A insincere B insincere C insincere
2 A temperature B temperature C temperature
3 A poisoning B poisoning C poisoning
4 A impulsive B impulsive C impulsive
5A medicine B medicine C medicine
Билет3
A consonant cluster (or consonant blend) is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English, for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits.
To create the b sound, my lips press together, then release. In the b-r cluster, the r sound begins at the same time as the lips open. This creates the following sound: /br/. The b-r cluster is at the beginning of the following words:
break
bring
brother
In order to be understood clearly you should:
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct consonant blend.fr, br, fl, cl, pl
1. bread, 2. frog , 3. cloud, 4.fly, 5. plant
Билет4
A consonant cluster (or consonant blend) is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English, for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits.
There are many more combinations of consonant sounds possible at the end of English words than at the beginning. There can be up to four consonant sounds in a final consonant cluster:
|
Words with |
2 final consonants |
3 final consonants |
4 final consonants |
|
Honest [st] Jump [mp] Wrapped [pt] |
Helped [lpt] Next [kst] Crisps [sps] |
Prompts [mpts] Glimpsed [mpst] Texts [ksts] |
Some final clusters with three or four consonants can be difficult to pronounce even for native English speakers, so in some words these are commonly simplified. For example, the middle consonant of the clusters [kts], [mps], [mpt], [nts], [ndz], [skt] is hardly heard or sometimes even left out.
Products- products[prodʌks]
Camped- camped[kæmt]
Hands hands[hænz]
Leaving final consonants out of consonant clusters at the end of words can cause misunderstanding, and you should avoid this. For example, say:
Product (not: product), jump (not: jump)
Don’t be tempted to add vowels to consonant clusters in order to make them easier to say, as this can also cause misunderstanding:
2. Match a word from box A with a word from box B to make compound nouns. And explain new consonant clusters across words. Example: rock music [k] is shortened, tourist trap [t] is left out
|
A. first direct general golf lamp |
B. Speech shade class club strike |
Golf club (no simplification)
First class( t is left out)
Direct speech (t is left out)
Lamp shade (no simplification)
General strike (no simplification)
Билет5
1.Syntagmatic, rhythmic and logical stress.
Sentence stress is a greater prominence with which one or more words are in a sentence are pronounced as compared with the other words according to their informational (semantic) importance.
Rhythm is a regular recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables at definite intervals
Sentence stress can also be subdivided as to its function into syntagmatic stress, syntactic stress and logical stress.
Sentence stress
In any sentence, some words carry a stress. These are the ‘strong’ or ‘lexical’ words (usually nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs). The remaining words are ‘grammatical’ words and are unstressed or ‘weak’ (conjunctions, pronouns, prepositions, auxiliaries, articles).
‘It’s the worst thing that you could do’
The rhythm produced by this combination of stressed and unstressed syllables is a major characteristic of spoken English and makes English a stress-timed language. In stress-timed languages, there is a roughly equal amount of time between each stress in a sentence, compared with a syllable-timed language (such as French, Turkish and West Indian English) in which syllables are produced at a steady rate which is unaffected by stress differences. Sentence stress is an important factor in fluency, as English spoken with only strong forms has the wrong rhythm, sounds unnatural and does not help the listener to distinguish emphasis or meaning.
Syntagmatic stress presents the most important functional type. Together with the main tones it singles out the semantic centre of the sentence or a sense-group. In sentences where no word is made specially prominent syntagmatic stress is usually realized in the last stressed word.
E. g. I am sending you two tickets for the theatre.
Syntactic (or normal) stress marks the other semantically important words within the utterance.
E. g. I am sending you two tickets for the theatre.
Logical stress is connected with the shifting of the syntagmatic stress from its normal place on the last stressed word to one of the preceding words. It often expresses something new to the listener and creates a new communicative centre.
2.Underline the words you normally stress in each sentence.
How long has he been teaching here?
She’s been working as a tourist guide since he left here.
He’s been learning Arabic for five years.
They’ve been travelling around Europe for two month.
We’ve been waiting for your phone call.
Билет6
1. Consonant clusters within and across the words.
2. Write the words in the correct group:
Escape, complete, approach, control, dislike, abstract, expression, translate, upstream, exquisite
|
Clusters with |
2 Consonant sounds |
3 consonant sounds |
4 consonant sounds |
|
Escape Approach Dislike |
Translate Control complete |
Abstract Expression Exquisite upstream |
Билет7
Most transcription conventions have been devised for describing one particular accent or language, and the specific conventions therefore need to be explained in the context of what is being described. However, for general purposes the International Phonetic Alphabet offers the two intonation marks shown in the box at the head of this article. Global rising and falling intonation are marked with a diagonal arrow rising left-to-right [↗] and falling left-to-right [↘], respectively. These may be written as part of a syllable, or separated with a space when they have a broader scope:
He found it on the street?
[ hiː ˈfaʊnd ɪt | ɒn ðə ↗ˈˈstɹiːt ‖ ]
Here the rising pitch on street indicates that the question hinges on that word, on where he found it, not whether he found it.
Yes, he found it on the street.
[↘ˈjɛs ‖ hi ˈfaʊnd ɪt | ɒn ðə ↘ˈstɹiːt ‖ ]
How did you ever escape?
[↗ˈˈhaʊ dɪdjuː | ˈɛvɚ | ə↘ˈˈskeɪp ‖ ]
Here, as is common with wh- questions, there is a rising intonation on the question word, and a falling intonation at the end of the question.
In many descriptions of English, the following intonation patterns are distinguished:
Example: A ankle B palm C glad
1 A lonely B stomach C homesick
2 A lungs B furious C hugged
3 A nervous B furious C shoulders
4 A yawn B exhausted C stared
5 A nails B grateful C eyebrows
Билет8.
1.Leaving out consonant sounds [d, h, l, v]
Around four (d is left out)
Does he (together pronounced `zee`)
Full marks, passive smoking (consonants at the boundaries are usually run together in a cluster)
2. Say these sentences aloud and cross out any letters representing [d] at the end of words that you think are likely to be left out:
She’s world champion. We sailed slowly. She changed clothes. I’ll send Lucy. I was pleased with it. She arrived there.
Билет9
We use two terms that are related but different: stress and prominence. Most dictionaries which give the pronunciation of words also indicate which syllables have stress. For example: CALD shows that ‘party’ and ‘remember’ have stress on only one syllable.
When a word is used in conversation and emphasized, one of the stressed syllables is made ‘prominent’. In a one-stress word this is the stressed syllable, and in a two- stress word it is usually the syllable with main stress. Prominent syllables are shown in this book in capital letters:
I’m going to a PARty I can’t remember
She gave a CONtroversial Answer
This is sometimes called ‘stress shift’. Stress shift can only happen in words where a secondary stress comes before main stress.
,under’stand
,disap’pointing
Other words which havestress shift include:
Altogether, independent, indistinct, mediocre, satisfactory, university, weekend, worthwhile
Some place names which have main stress on the last syllable, such as: Berlin, Kowloon, Montreal
Teen numbers – thirteen, nineteen, and two part numbers- forty-five
2.Write the words in the correct group:
Champion, international, marathon, referee, final, celebrity, basketball, disadvantages, recognition, facilities, spectators, athletics
|
Stress on the 1st syllable |
Stress on 2nd syllable |
Stress on 3rd syllable |
|
Champion |
||
Билет10
2. Which suffixes don’t usually change the stress pattern and which have the main stress?
Comfortable, amplifier, regretful, industrious, mysterious, Japanese.
Suffixes which don`t usually change the stress pattern in the root word include –able, -age, -al –er, -ful, -ness, -ous, -fy
`Comfort-`comfortable `amplify-`amplifier ` regret- `regretful
Before the the suffixes –ious, -ulous, -orous, -eous main stress usually come in the syllable before the suffix:
`Industry- in`dustrious `mystery- my`sterious
Some suffixes themselves usually have the main stress. These include –ee, -eer, -ese, -ette
Japan`ese
Билет11
1.Question tags.
B: They’re yours, ….?
B: There’ll be a lot of people, ….?
B: You’re not a rock music fan, ….?
Билет12
1. Structure of English sentences
2. Order the words to make sentences
1. Dinner usually Who the cooks
2. Party was a time to the I last went.
3. bank here a near tell is There not
4. You messages send ever text Do
5. Shopping do going Who like you with
1 Prefixes and word stress.
2. Underline the words you would normally stress in these sentences.
Билет13
1. The rules of using of adjectives as nouns
2. Rewrite the underlined phrase using “the+ an adjective”
1. The people from the Netherlands are very good at languages.
2. The people who had injuries were taken to hospital.
3. The system of reading for people who can’t see is called Braille.
4. The people from France enjoy eating good food.
5. A nurse’s job is to lock after the people who aren’t well.
1.Stress in compound nouns and compound adjectives.
2.Underline the words you would normally stress in these sentences.
She won’t be able to come tonight.
I’ve never been able to play chess well.
She can ski better than me.
We weren’t able to find the restaurant.
I’ll be able to meet her family on Saturday.
Билет14
1. The form and using of Future Perfect
2.
1. Their last exam is on May 31st. By the end of May they ___ their exams. (finish)
2. Sam is paying for his car. The last payment is in November. By December he ____ for his car. (pay)
3. The plane to Paris takes off at 9.00 and lands at 10.30. At 10.00 they ____ to Paris. (flay)
4. I safe 200 a month. By the end of this year, I____2400. (save)
5. I leave home at 7.30. It takes an hour to drive to work. At 8.00 tomorrow I ____ to work. (drive)
1. Consonant clusters at the end of words
2. What are these words? Practise pronouncing them. How many consonants in a final consonant cluster?
1. /Өɪn / __________ /Өɪɳ/ __________ /Өɪɳk/__________
2. /hel/ __________ /held/ __________ /help/__________
3. /fɜ:/ __________ /fɜ:s/ __________ /fɜ:st/__________
4. /peɪn/ __________ /peɪnt/ __________ /peɪnts/ __________
5. /nek/ __________ /nest/ __________ /nekst/__________
Билет15
1. The form and using of Future Perfect Continues
2.
1. Their last exam is on May 31st. By the end of May they ___ their exams. (finish)
2. Sam is paying for his car. The last payment is in November. By December he ____ for his car. (pay)
3. The plane to Paris takes off at 9.00 and lands at 10.30. At 10.00 they ____ to Paris. (flay)
4. I safe 200 a month. By the end of this year, I____2400. (save)
5. I leave home at 7.30. It takes an hour to drive to work. At 8.00 tomorrow I ____ to work. (drive)
1. Accents: Varieties of English.
2. Write the words in the right column
Successful career appear famous cinema direct director violence ticket actor
|
Stress on 2nd syllable |
Stress on 1st syllable |
|
Successful |
Билет16
1. Simple sentences classification
2. Order the words to make sentences
1. Dinner usually Who the cooks
2. Party was a time to the I last went.
3. bank here a near tell is There not
4. You messages send ever text Do
5. Shopping do going Who like you with
1. Consonant clusters within and across the words
2. Explain the consonant clusters within and across the words:
Badminton, address, control, translate, hundred, expression, exquisite, upstream
Билет17
1. Participle I and Participle II
2. Choose the right Participle:
1.I didn’t know you were ( interesting/ interested).
2.We think it’s really( boring/bored).
3.I was really (surprising/ surprised)
4.This is really (tiring/tired) hike.
5.The girl (writing/ written) on the blackboard is our best friend.
1. The main features of the sentence stress and rhythm.
2. Underline the words you would normally stress in these sentences.
Билет18
1. How to form the questions
2. Order the words to make questions.
1. You messages send ever text Do
2. Party was a time you to the When last went.
3. If Could bank here a you me near tell is there
4. Dinner usually Who the cooks
5. Shopping do going Who like you with
1. Intonation. Sentence stress.
2. Underline the words you would normally stress in these sentences.
Билет19
1. Complex sentences. Types of coordination of complex sentences
2.
1. She’s the woman – lives next door.
2. That’s the book --- won a prize.
3. That’s my neighbor – dog never stops barking.
4. My sister’s the only person to – I can talk.
5. That’s the drawer in __ I keep my keys.
b. It was just a routine job.
c. The film was made for propaganda purposes.
d. The region has a Mediterranean climate.
Билет20
1. Compound sentences. Types of coordination of compound sentences
2. Complete: but, and, or, while, so
1. After all, the two of them belonged to the same trade, -- talk was easy and happy between them.
2. The room was dark, -- the street was lighter because of its lamps.
3. It was a nice place – Mr. Witla was rather proud of it.
4. He knew it to be nonsense – it would have frightened him.
5. He had a glass eye which remained stationary, -- the other eye looked at Reinhardt.
1. Leaving out consonant sounds: [t]
2. Write the number of the sentence in the table below according to what happens to the [t] sound.
Almost there.
Have you passed your test?
I asked her to leave.
Just a bit.
We must be nearly there.
Tell us what you did.
|
|
|
|
|
1Almost there |
Билет21
1. Classification of simple sentences
2. Order the words to make sentences
1. Dinner usually Who the cooks
2. Party was a time to the I last went.
3. bank here a near tell is There not
4. You messages send ever text Do
5. Shopping do going Who like you with
1. Consonant clusters at the beginning of the words.
2. Underline the words which are simplified and show which sound is left out or reduced.
It’s my turn next.
It’s recording of regional accents.
Don’t forget to buy some stamps.
Билет22
1. Using of Participle I and Participle II
2. Choose the right Participle:
1.I didn’t know you were ( interesting/ interested).
2.We think it’s really( boring/bored).
3.I was really (surprising/ surprised)
4.This is really (tiring/tired) hike.
5.The girl (writing/ written) on the blackboard is our best friend.
1. Syntagmatic, rhythmic and logical stress.
2. Underline the stressed syllable.
Example: burglary
1 kidnap
2 sunburnt
3 commit
4 investigate
5 monsoon
Билет23
1. Types of simple sentences
2. Order the words to make sentences
1. Dinner usually Who the cooks
2. Party was a time to the I last went.
3. bank here a near tell is There not
4. You messages send ever text Do
5. Shopping do going Who like you with
1. Pronunciation in slow and fast speech.
2. Define which of these situations are fast or slow speech:
1. A lecturer is giving details of timetable changes to students
2. Two friends are discussing
3. You are giving directions to a stranger
4. A hairdresser and customer talking about their recent holidays
5. Members of family are having dinner and talking
Билет24
1. The rules of form and using of future time clauses
2.
1. I’ll be ready ---I’ve had a shower.
2. We’ll probably be watching the Cup Final – you arrive.
3. We’re not going to go out --- the rain has stopped.
4. I’m not going to work overtime ----I get paid.
5. Take your umbrella --- it rains.
1. Suffixes and word stress. Examples.
2. Underline the stressed syllable.
Example: relieved
1 desperate
2 disappointed
3 offended
4 astonished
5 elbow
Билет25
1. The rules of form and using of conditionals
2.
1. I --- you a present if I’d known it was your birthday.(buy)
2. He wouldn’t have crashed if he __ so fast. (not drive)
3. If the photos are good, I--- them to you. (send)
4. If she were more sociable, she ----friends. (have)
5. If plants aren’t watered, they --- .(die)
1. Stress in compound adjectives
2. . Match the words with the same sound.
backpack blister calm caught crew drought freezing hijack infection nylon
Example: funny blood
1 guilty __________________
2 court __________________
3 loose __________________
4 judge __________________
5 shower __________________
6 headache__________________
7 cough __________________
8 heart __________________
9 sociable__________________
10 striped __________________
ӘБ жетекшісі:Отемысова Ж.А.
____________________
«____»________2013ж.
Оқытушы: Бакирова Г.П
____________________
«____»________2013ж