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Authentic Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the country which comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
It lies off the north-west coast of the European continent and consists of more than 5,500 islands which are called the British Isles. The biggest island is Great Britain. There are also smaller islands. Among them are the Shetland Islands, the Hebrides, the Isle of Man and many others.
Great Britain stretches for 1000 kilometres from the south to the extreme north, and for 500 kilometres in the widest part.
The country occupies the area of 242,500 square kilometres. The territory of Great Britain is not large, yet the country has a wide variety of scenery. England, which is the richest, the most fertile and the most populated part of the country, is a vast plain. It is separated from Scotland by the Cheviot Hills running from east to west. In Northwest England there are many picturesque lakes with green, wooded or grassy shores and grey mountains all around. The famous Lake District is the real tourist attraction. Wales and Scotland are mountainous areas. In Wales the mountains are rocky and difficult to climb. The highest mountain is Snowdon. The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. Their highest peak is Ben Nevis. Scotland is a land of famous lakes as well. They are called “lochs” there. Beautiful Loch Lomond is the largest one and Loch Ness attracts millions of tourists by its legendary monster.
Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north-west, north and south-west, and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel.
The rivers are not long in Britain. The longest of them are the Severn (350 km), the Clyde and the Mersey. They flow into the Irish Sea. The Thames (346 km) and the Trent (274 km) keep their way to the North Sea. The Thames is the busiest and the most important river in Great Britain. The capital of Great Britain, London, stands on the Thames.
The climate of Great Britain is moderate and mild due to the influence of the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The summers are usually cool and rainy. There is also a lot of rain and fog in autumn and in winter. Snow seldom falls in Great Britain. Great Britain is a damp country. The weather is very changeable and it is the most favourite topic of conversation with the British.
The population of Great Britain is about 60 million people. Foreigners generally refer to the inhabitants of the United Kingdom as “the English”. They should really speak of them as “the British”, for they include the Irish, the Scots and the Welsh, who are not Englishmen. A person from Scotland considers himself a Scot, or a Scotsman; he has British nationality, but he is not an Englishman.
The population density is the highest in England and the lowest in Scotland. Four out of every five people live in towns and cities. The largest cities are London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Edinburgh (the capital of Scotland), Cardiff (the capital of Wales) and Belfast (the capital of Northern Ireland).