Если у вас возникли сложности с курсовой, контрольной, дипломной, рефератом, отчетом по практике, научно-исследовательской и любой другой работой - мы готовы помочь.
Предоплата всего
Подписываем
Lecture 9.
The Finite Verb: Its Categories.
1.1. The Finite Verb: Mood
The category of mood is the most controversial category of the verb differently described by various authors. Among the scholars who have contributed most to this problem we should name A. I. Smirnitsky, B. A. Ilyish, G. N. Vorontsova, L. S. Barkhudarov, I. B. Khlebnikova.
The category of mood expresses the type of connection between the process denoted by the verb and the actual reality. It can present the process as a fact that really happened, happens or will happen, or as an imaginary phenomenon (the subject of a hypothesis, speculation, desire).
The opposition forming this category is constituted by the forms of oblique mood meaning (unreality, the strong member) contrasted against the forms of direct mood meaning (reality, the weak member).
This category has been analyzed formally and functionally. According to this mixed approach there are distinguished the following mood forms of the verb:
I. The Present Subjunctive:
Semantically besides the general meaning of desired or hypothetical action these verb forms denote supposition, speculation, suggestion, recommendation, inducement including commands.
It is used to express wish, desire, hope and can therefore be called desiderative (may-spective, the form of desire).
It is used in various subordinate predicative units to express supposition, speculation, suggestion, recommendation, inducements (considerative, should-spective, the form of considerations).
It is used to express inducement (an appeal to commit an action) in relation to all the persons, but preferably to the first person plural and third person both numbers ( imperative, let-spective, the form of commands).
II. The Past Subjunctive:
1) Stipulative Conditional (Subjunctive Two)
It expresses the unreality of an action which constitutes a condition for the corresponding consequence:
Oh, that he were together with us now!
I'm sure if she tried, she would manage to master riding not later than by the autumn, for all her unsporting habits (simultaneity – posteriority in the present). How much embarrassment should I have been spared if only I had known the truth before! (priority of the event in the present).
I couldn't keep from saying that I should have been spared much embarrassment if only I had known the truth before (priority of the events in the past).
2) Consective Conditional (Subjunctive Three)
If the peace-keeping force had not been on the alert, the civil war in that area would have resumed anew.
If two people were found with a great bodily resemblance, the experiment would succeed.
He would be here by now.