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Australia and New Zealand
Speech patterns
Homework
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Part I AUSTRALIA
Text 1
Watch the presentation 1 about Australia. Translate the slides.
Answer the questions, find geographical objects on the map and show them to the group.
Home task: look through the edition “Australia” and make a brief reference of the book presenting the general information about Australia.
Text 2
Exercise 1. Before reading the text look through the scheme of the system of education in Australia. Compare it to the Russian educational system.
Most children in Australia go to district schools. But about twenty thousand children live too far from a district school. That is why they have to work through correspondence courses until the end of the secondary school stage. The children's work is checked by one or both parents and then posted to the capital. In addition to the correspondence courses there are twelve Schools of the Air, which cover twelve million square miles.
Beginning in 2008, the Northern Territory introduced middle schools for Years 7–9 and high school for Years 10–12.
Primary
Secondary
Exercise 2. Read the text about school of the air. Do the exercises given before and after the text.
Text 3 (optional)
Study the following article and do the tasks
* (Do the laboratory work on the topic “Australia”)
Part II New Zealand
Text 1.
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
New Zealand,
its brief history and geographical characteristics
Country in the Pacific Ocean where people speak English as an official language is New Zealand. New Zealand is a very interesting country. It is located not far from Australia – only the Tasman Sea separates them by a distance of about 1,600 km. New Zealand occupies two large islands - the North Island and the South Island as well as numerous small islands.
New Zealand has a population of 3.8 million people. Many people live in urban areas, and about 50 percent of them live in the largest cities - Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Hamilton, and Dunedin. The first of them is an important seaport and industrial centre. And Wellington is the capital of New Zealand. It is a financial centre too. The city was founded in 1840 and has been the capital since 1865.
New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary form of government. New Zealand stays in close association with the United Kingdom as a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. And the formal head of the state is the Queen of the United Kingdom.
The New Zealand flag represents the Southern Cross; the stars of it are red with white edgings. The flag of the United Kingdom in the left upper corner shows the recognition to the historical foundations and the fact that New Zealand was once a British colony and dominion.
The National Anthem of New Zealand is "God Defend New Zealand".
The national emblem of New Zealand is a flightless bird kiwi. And silver fern is a sporting emblem.
It may seem unbelievable that early Polynesian explorers, many centuries before the first Europeans came here, found this land at all. These early explorers were the early ancestors of the Maori.
Like Maui, who was in Maori legends a mythical hero who was intelligent, clever, quick and brave, the ancestors of the Maori were skilled navigators. They discovered and settled on many of the Pacific Islands. With their ships like canoes, they could carry a lot of people and plenty of food. They used the stars to find their way across the ocean. They watched the clouds because they knew that clouds close to land look different from the clouds over the sea, and they watched the birds at night as they knew that the birds fly back to land then. Today many people think that a man called Kupe discovered New Zealand by following migrating birds.
The first Polynesian who arrived at New Zealand about 1000 years ago were hunters. They moved from place to place and lived on fish, birds and fruit. Later they settled in villages and grew sweet potatoes and other plants in gardens. As the population became larger and fertile land became important, tribes began to fight over the land.
The first European who found New Zealand was Abel Tasman, a Dutch explorer. That was in 1642. Because of Maori fighters, who attacked Tasman’s ship and killed some of the Dutch sailors, Tasman did not even land. Over 100 years later an English explorer, James Cook, arrived in New Zealand. Cook made several voyages from England to New Zealand and was able to draw the first maps of the country.
Almost everywhere the scenery is beautiful. The weather is sunny, but not too hot - even in winter it only snows in the mountains. No matter where you live in this country, you are always close to the sea. There are many empty beaches along the rocky coastline and a lot of small islands in the sea that are home to birds and seals only. Some islands are nature reserves and people must have permission to visit them. No wonder that New Zealand seems like paradise to many people. It is important to remember that New Zealand's climate is maritime, rather than continental, which means the weather, can change with amazing rapidity and consequence.
New Zealand has all the rest: rainforest, desert, fiords, flooded valleys, gorges, plains, mountains, glaciers, volcanoes, geothermics, swamps, lakes, braided rivers, peneplains, badlands, and our very own continental plate junction... As a result of the latter, earthquakes are common, though usually not severe.
New Zealand is known for its unusual birds. Many of them cannot fly!
Exercise 2. Answer the questions
Exercise 3. Study the article about New Zealand (Speak out 2007 1/59) and discuss the following points
Text 2
Read the text about some features of the NZ culture and say what facts surprised or interested you.
Culture, sport and holidays in New Zealand
The culture of New Zealand is largely inherited from English and European customs, interwoven with Maori and Polynesian tradition. New Zealand has three official languages: New Zealand English, Te Reo Maori (the Maori language), and New Zealand Sign Language. According to the 2006 census, 174 different languages are used in New Zealand (including sign languages). After English and Maori, the most common are Samoan (85,428 speakers), French (53,757), Hindi (44,589) and Cantonese, spoken by 44,154 people.
New Zealand has two 'high cultural' traditions: Maori and Western. The New Zealand Historic Places Trust and the Ministry for Culture and Heritage are national bodies that assist with heritage preservation. Most towns and cities have museums and often art galleries, and the national museum and art gallery is Te Papa ('Our Place'), in Wellington.
Māori were one of the few peoples to have no form of alcoholic beverage. Following the arrival of British settlers, Māori adopted many of their foods, especially pork and potatoes, the latter of which transformed the Māori agricultural economy. Many traditional food sources became scarce as introduced predators dramatically reduced bird populations, and forests were cleared for farming and timber. Traditional seafoods such as toheroa and whitebait were over-harvested. Present day Māori cuisine is a mixture of Māori tradition, old fashioned English cookery, and contemporary dishes.
Sport in New Zealand largely reflects its British colonial heritage. Some of the most popular sports in New Zealand, namely rugby, cricket and netball, are primarily played in Commonwealth of Nations countries. Sport is very popular in New Zealand and despite New Zealand being a very small nation, it has enjoyed great success in many sports notably Rugby Union (The national sport) and also Rugby League, Cricket, Americas Cup Sailing, Netball, motorsport and many other sports.
Some of the noteworthy cultural events include: Summer City Programme (January to February; Wellington) which is a series of festivals around the city;
Marlborough Food & Wine Festival (2nd week in February; Blenheim);
International Festival of the Arts (February, even-numbered years only;
Wellington), an entire month of national and international culture; Golden Shears Sheep-Shearing Contest (March; Masterton), a must for lovers of sheep, scat and sweat; and Canterbury Show Week (November; Christchurch) which has agricultural exhibits, rides and local entertainment.
Main train routes are few, though train travel is reasonably quick. Trains are modern and comfortable, and the fares are sometimes cheaper than those by bus on the same routes.
Car travel (New Zealanders drive on the left) is recommended as the roads are good and well signposted and the distances short. Rentals of cars, motorcycles and campervans are popular with a range of special deals available.
There are plenty of boat services, including the Interislander ferry (operating between Wellington in the North Island and Picton in the South Island.
Although New Zealand is a compact country and generally easy to get around, it makes good sense to fly - especially for the views over the mountains or volcanoes.
Text 3
Look through the following articles about different places of interest in New Zealand. Choose one of them and prepare a small presentation with photos of this place. Be ready to present it to the group.
Travel Notes for Tourists
Kaikoura. Situated on the East Coast of New Zealand's South Island is the seaside town of Kaikoura overlooks majestic mountains which are snow capped for many months of the year. In the waters off the coast an abundantly rich habitat for marine mammals and seabirds exists. Kaikoura is one of the few places in the world where whales can be seen all year round. In addition, dolphin swimming, seal swimming, fishing, diving, shark diving, and a large number of both land and water based activities is available.
Coromandel Peninsula. Accessible within a few hours from New Zealand's biggest city, Auckland, the Coromandel is blessed with a superb climate coupled with some of New Zealand's best beaches and coastline. A thermal beach called Hot Water Beach is one attraction worth seeing. Volcanic heat rises through the ground allowing you to create your own spa pool by simply digging a small hole in the sand and waiting for it to fill up with warm sea water. Other coastal attractions include Cathedral Cove and Whangamata. These volcanic cones and the surrounding area are covered in temperate rain forest, making the terrain ideal for trekking/walks. The forests also contain the tallest fern trees in the world, some reaching heights of 20 meters or more. The abundance of fern species in the Coromandel gives the area a subtropical look and feel even though it is situated in the temperate zone.
Tongariro National Park. The park contains 3 active volcanoes that are situated in a desert like landscape. The area gets regular snowfalls in the winter and home to most of the ski fields in the North Island. Mt Ruapehu is the largest volcano and last erupted in 1995 and 1996. A conical volcano called Mt Ngauruhoe is located next to Ruapehu and is the location for the Tongariro Crossing. National Geographic has classed this walk as one of the top 10 one day walks in the world. The Tongariro National Park is situated in the Taupo region.
Westland National Park. This national park is part of the South Westland World Heritage area and is famous for its two glaciers, Franz Josef and Fox glaciers. They are unique as they are the closest glaciers to the coastline of any in the world outside of the polar regions. The park is also covered in a lush ancient rain forest and is backed by steep cliffs and mountains. It seems like a contradiction when viewing the glaciers from a rain forest, and it is this phenomenon that makes this area geologically unique.
Mt Cook National Park. Mt Cook and surrounding area is an alpine park that is part of the South Westland World Heritage area. Mt Cook is Australasia's highest mountain and Mt Tasman the neighboring mountain is the second highest mountain. Mt Cook National Park also has one of the world’s longest ski runs (on the Tasman Glacier).
Bay of Islands. The subtropical Bay of Islands is the finest maritime park in New Zealand. There are about 150 islands to explore with many superb beaches and bays. The park has an abundance of marine life, including marlin, whales, penguins and dolphins. The Bay attracts many people the world over including fishermen, golfers, marine enthusiasts.
Rotorua. Rotorua is famous for its volcanic activity. The area is one of the world’s great geothermal areas. Every reserve has spectacular examples of geysers, boiling pools, hot springs, boiling mud, volcanic terraces, and craters. Mt Tarawera a nearby volcano offers spectacular scenery including superb views inside the rim of the volcano. Rotorua is also the best area in the country to experience and learn about Maori Culture.
Abel Tasman National Park. Abel Tasman may be New Zealand's smallest national park, but the attractions are huge. Its beaches have a range of colored sand from gold to white that look out onto the clear waters of the Tasman Sea. Beyond the beaches, the park is covered in lush temperate rain forest and manuka, a type of tea tree. The popular Abel Tasman Walk is a great way to see this park; it takes 3-5 days to complete. Sea Taxis are also available and can drop you off at any number of beaches within the park. Kayaking is a popular alternative way to see this park as you have access to all the beaches, including those that the walk misses out on.
Written Tasks
Write a leaflet about one of the Australian or New Zealand cities. But before writing study some rules.
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