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S Y S T E M S O F T H E B O D Y
Grammar: Past Simple Passive .
Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation of the following words. Translate them:
muscular ['mΛskjulə] м’язовий
circulatory ['sə:kjulətəri] циркуляційний, циркуляторний; кровоносний
digestive [di'dƷstiv] травний
respiratory [ris'paiərətəri] дихальний
urinary ['juərinəri] сечовий
associate [ə'səu∫ieit] об'єднаний, тісно пов'язаний; супутний
blood [blΛd] кров
nitrogenous [ nai'trכdƷinəs] азотний
urethra [juə'ri:θrə] сечовипускальний канал, уретра
carbon dioxide [`ka:bən dai'כksaid] вуглекислий газ
to remove [rimu:v] видаляти
to discharge [distʃa:dʒ] виділяти
Exercise 2. Read the following word-combinations and translate them:
Wastes
Cellular wastes, to remove wastes, removal of metabolic wastes, Bio Medical Waste (BMW), body waste.
System
main systems of the body, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the nervous system, the circulatory system, the digestive system, the respiratory system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the reproductive systems.
Nutrients
Types of nutrient, essential nutrient, non-essential nutrient, macronutrient, nutrient solution.
Bloodstream
Bloodstream, to be carried away by the bloodstream, to enter the bloodstream,
bloodstream infections, bloodstream infections symptoms.
Lung
Lung diseases, to consist of two lungs, to convey oxygen to the lungs, lung spaces.
Exercise 3.
Give your example with the following affixes and roots.
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dermat/o |
nephro |
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gastr/o |
neuro |
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gynec/o |
cardio |
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hydr/o |
vascul/o |
Kidney, stomach, vessel, nerve, heart, skin, female, water.
Exercise 4.
Passive Voice
To be +V3/-ed
|
Present |
is, am, are |
V3/ -ed |
|
Past |
was,were |
+ He was operated on yesterday.
To be +NOT+V3
- He was not operated on yesterday
To be + S +V3
Was he operated on yesterday?
b) Translate into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice:
The blood is pumped through the blood vessels.
Special substances required by cells are carried by the blood stream.
The urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
A large number of activities is regulated by the endocrine system.
The urine is discharged through the urethra.
Exercise 5. Translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian
Main systems, to regulate a large number of activities, to move us about, spinal cord, ganglia, materials produced by the cells, to be carried away by the blood stream, air passages, to convey oxygen to the lungs, to remove carbon dioxide, the lung spaces, the urinary bladder, chief function .
Exercise 6. Match the terms with their explanations
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urine |
A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx. A major constituent of the embryonic and young vertebrate skeleton, it is converted largely to bone with maturation. |
|
blood |
The waste product secreted by the kidneys that in mammals is a yellow to amber-colored, slightly acid fluid discharged from the body through the urethra. |
|
cell |
A group of nerve cells forming a nerve center, especially one located outside the brain or spinal cord. |
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nutrients |
The fluid consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues |
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ganglia |
The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semipermeable cell membrane. |
|
cartilage |
A source of nourishment, especially a nourishing ingredient in a food. |
Exercise 7. Read and translate the text:
SYSTEMS OF THE BODY
System of the body is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task. A group of systems composes an organism.
There are nine main systems of the body: the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the circulatory, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine and the reproductive systems.
The skeletal system consists of the bones of the body and ligaments and cartilages, which join them. The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.
The muscular system consists of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures. The main function of this system is to move us about.
The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia and receptors. It is a complex information system with all the necessary means for receiving, processing, and communicating information.
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels and the blood, which is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart. Its function is chiefly that of transportation system: the nutrients, oxygen, and special substances which are required by cells are carried by the bloodstream; and the cellular wastes and sometimes other materials produced by the cells are carried away by the bloodstream.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air passages leading to them and associated structures. Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream, and to remove carbon dioxide, which escapes from the blood into the lung spaces.
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, which produce urine by removing nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood: the two ureters, which convey the urine away from the kidneys; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored until it is discharged; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.
The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body which produce regulatory substances called hormones. The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.
Post-text assignments
Exercise 8. Answer the questions.
Exercise 9. Translate the following words and word combinations.
Основні системи, січовий міхур, видаляти вуглекислий газ, переноситися кровотоком, головна функція, вироблятися клітинами, складна інформаційна система, обробляти інформацію, регулювати різноманітну діяльність, виводити січу з нирок, складатися з серця то кровоносних судин, доставляти кисень до легень, по всьому тілу, складатися з ряду залоз.
Exercise 10. Put questions to the underlined parts of the sentences.
1. The skeletal system serves to move us about.
2. The circulatory system consists of the heart, the kidneys and blood vessels.
3. The respiratory system conveys oxygen to the lungs.
4. The endocrine system consists of a number of vessels.
5. The urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
6. There are nine main systems of the body.
7. The nutrients, oxygen, and special substances are carried by the blood stream.
8. Blood is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart.
Exercise 11. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correсt form and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
Exercise 12. Add either a noun or an adjective to get word combinations.
Exercise 13. Fill in the table
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Зв’язка |
nitrogenous |
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wastes |
регулювати |
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хрящ |
нирки |
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вуглекислий газ |
blood stream |
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substance |
діяльність |
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кисень |
store |
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complex |
сеча |
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join |
легені |
14. Correct the mistakes if necessary.
15. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice.
Підготовка до диференційованого заліку
1. Основні системи
2. складатися з ряду залоз
3. виводити сечу з нирок
4. вироблятися клітинами
5. січовий міхур
What are the main systems of the body?
What is the function of the skeletal system?
What does the urinary system consist of?
What is carried by the blood-stream?
Where are the hormones produced?
What does the endocrine system serve for?
System of the body
Circulatory system