gretly increses wter use putting further strin on scrce resources
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Text 2
Over the last 300 years, world population has increased sevenfold but water use has increased by 35 times. Although 70 % of the Earth is covered by seawater and a further 3% by ice neither of these is easily transformed into usable water. Less than 1% of the Earth’s total water resources is usable for drinking, farming or industry.
As a general rule, 80 litres of water per person per day are enough for a reasonable quality of life, but the regional differences are considerable. Domestic users in rich countries tend to be wasteful in their use of water. Figures established for domestic daily water consumption per inhabitant show that an American uses 400 litres, in the UK a man can do with 150 litres, while an inhabitant of Burundi may have to survive on 10 litres or less.
Consumption is much higher where pipelines are laid than in regions where water has to be carried from a well. Thus the provision of piped water services – while highly desirable from a health point of view - greatly increases water use, putting a further strain on scarce resources.
It is difficult to establish precise figures for access to safe drinking water, but it is thought that 1.3 billion people worldwide do not have this basic service. Not surprisingly, the problem is much worse in rural areas than in towns. Thus 82 % of urban areas had access to safe water in 1990, compared with only 63% in rural areas.
Nowadays water is polluted with various chemicals and oil products and other organic and inorganic substances. Dirty water is the world’s biggest health risk, accounting for as much as 80% of disease in the Third World. The World Health Organization estimated that 10 million people were dying annually from polluted drinking water at the beginning of the 1990s.
- Answer the following questions:
1. How much has water use increased over the last 300 years? 2. Is it easy to transform sea water into usable water? 3. How much water is usable for drinking? 4. Where is water consumption higher? 5. What is the situation in rural areas? 6. What substances is water polluted with? 7. How much water per inhabitant per day is enough, according to the text? 8. Where is water use higher: in rich or poor countries?
- Fill in the gaps using the following words:
region, substance, contain, health, total, scarce, urban, transform consumption, seawater
1. Pipelines are a major factor increasing water _____.
2. Water use per person per day differs greatly from one _____ to another.
3. The largest part of the earth is covered by _______.
4. Water is a chemical _____ of oxygen and hydrogen.
5. Natural waters ______ various salts and minerals.
6. Usable water accounts for less than 1% of the Earth’s ____ water resources.
7. Dirty water causes _____ problems.
8. We have ______ resources of usable water.
9. The situation in rural areas is worse than in _____ areas.
10. It is not easy to _____ seawater and ice into usable water.
3. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb:
1. Water use per person per day (estimate) at 80 litres.
2. World population (go up) over the last 300 years.
3. Seawater (cover) 70% of the Earth’s surface.
4. Laying pipelines greatly (increase) water consumption.
5. 1.3 billion people world- wide (not, have) access to safe drinking water.
6. Only 63% in rural areas (have) access to safe water in 1990.
7. Domestic users in rich countries (be) more wasteful in their use of water.
8. 3% of the Earth’s surface (cover) by ice.
- Make up sentences using the words:
1. population, increased has, world, greatly.
2. of, covered, is, the Earth, seawater, by, 70%.
3. services, water, increase, piped, consumption, water.
4. people, of, millions, have, do, not, to access, water, safe.
5. water, polluted, is, most, serious, problem, the world’s.
- Match the following words:
1.substance расход (потребление) воды
2. usable увеличивать
3. establish трубопровод
4. water consumption доступ
5. pipeline точные цифры
6. rural areas вещество
7. increase пригодный для питья
8. scarce resources скудные ресурсы
9. precise figures устанавливать
10. access сельские районы
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