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Различные пути в подготовке учащихся к написанию сочинения
(в формате ЕГЭ)
Часть 2 –написание сочинения
Дискуссионные сочинения. Discursive essays.
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Тип сочинения и примерный план |
Introduction |
Main Body |
Conclusion |
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1 ‘For’ and ‘Against’ essays (formal style) |
§ 1 -present the topic and state the problem -make a general remark about it without giving your opinion |
§ 2,3 -Arguments “for”( 3 points) -Arguments “against”(3 points) (support your arguments with examples) |
§ 4 - your opinion based on the given arguments |
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2. Opinion essays (formal style) |
§ 1 - introduce the subject and state your opinion |
§ 2-4 – or more paragraphs - first viewpoint supported by reasons/ examples -second viewpoint supported by reasons/ examples - the opposing viewpoint supported by reasons/ examples |
§ 5 - summarise what you’ve said -restate your opinion using different words |
Useful Language (FOR and AGAINST essay)
II. Main Body (points FOR and AGAINST , along with your justification, appear in two separate
paragraphs)
- for example……… for instance… such as…….. in particular…………
III. Conclusion ( you give either your opinion or a balanced consideration of the topic, or give the
reader something to consider, or to end with a quotation)
Useful Language (OPINION essay)
-Is too much emphasis placed on……?
- Nowadays, we are often told …… Every day… There is no doubt that……..
- Over the past few years,……. Are you among those who……..? Why has……become…?
-The British poet…once said that “….”
- There are various facts that support this opinion.
- In my opinion……… I believe………. It seems to me…… The way I see it……..
II. Main Body (each paragraph should present a separate viewpoint supported by your reason, another paragraph should present the opposing viewpoint)
- for example……… for instance… such as…….. in particular…………
III. Conclusion ( you restate your opinion using different words)
Примеры упражнений для подготовки учащихся к написанию эссе.
Exercise 1. from Successful Writing –Upper Intermediate, Virginia Evans, Express Publishing
Read the closing paragraphs below and say whether they express a balanced consideration or the writer's opinion.
Key: 1,2,5-writers opinion 3,4,6-balanced consideration
Exercise 2. from Successful Writing –Upper Intermediate, Virginia Evans, Express Publishing
Put these jumbled sentences in the correct order. Then write them out in two separate paragraphs, one including all the advantages, the other all the disadvantages. Finally, write a suitable beginning and ending for this topic.
Key: 1E,2B,3D,4G,5A,6F,7H,8C
Package holidays: Good or Bad?
A However, there are disadvantages to going on a package holiday.
В То start with, package holidays are cheaper than travelling on your own, as the price includes the air fare and hotel accommodation.
С Another negative aspect is that as you have paid for your accom modation in advance, you often feel obliged to stay in that place rather than move around and explore.
D Furthermore, the brochures from which most people select a package holiday usually give you a good idea of what the resort offers, therefore reducing the chances of disappointment.
E Package holidays have several advantages.
F In the first place, as package holidays are less expensive, the hotel is unlikely to be top-class.
G Last but not least, when visiting a new place it is often much easier to have all the details arranged in advance as it can be rather con fusing to plan everything by yourself.
H Also package holiday destinations are usually popular tourist resorts, thus there is little opportunity to experience the true culture of the country you are visiting
Exercise 3. from Successful Writing –Intermediate, Virginia Evans, Express Publishing
Underline the correct linking word/phrase. Key: 1-besides 2-argue that 3-in favour of 4-even though 5-for instance
Exercise 4. from Reading & Writing Targets 3, Virginia Evans- Jenny Dooley, Express Publishing
Read the opinions about motorcycles and match them to their justification. Which are points for motorcycles and which are against? Key: 1b 2f 3e 4a 5c 6d for:1,4,6 against:2,3,5
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Arguments 1 They are very convenient. 2 You can't travel with your friends. 3 They aren't as safe as cars. 4 They are cheaper to run than cars. 5 They can be quite uncomfortable. 6 You can get to your destination quickly and easily. |
Justifications a .They use less fuel and need fewer expensive repairs. b. You don't need to rely on public transport, and you can park them easily. с . You can't sit back and relax on them and you're exposed in bad weather. d They travel as fast as cars and you never get stuck in traffic jams. e You aren't well protected and you can get badly hurt if you fall off. f There's only room for one passenger. |
Exercise 5. from Reading & Writing Targets 3, Virginia Evans- Jenny Dooley, Express Publishing
Which of these sentences express the opinion given in the heading, and which express the opposing point of view?
Key: 1,2,4,6-opinion given in the heading 3,5-opposing point of view
"Having a pet is good for you."
1 In my opinion, owning a pet teaches children to become responsible adults.
2 In addition, a pet can be amusing.
3 However, pets need a lot of care and attention.
4 What is more, certain pets can be useful if you train them properly. .
5 On the other hand, pets can be a nuisance.
6 Firstly, a pet can |e good company.
Exercise 6 from Reading & Writing Targets 3, Virginia Evans- Jenny Dooley, Express Publishing
Match the viewpoints to the reasons. Is each point for watching TV, or against?
Key: 1B (for), 2C (for), 3A (against)
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Viewpoint 1 TV can be educational. 2 TV provides cheap entertainment. 3 TV can have a negative influence on children. |
Justification A - encourages crime, makes violence look exciting В - shows fascinating documentaries (nature/wildlife), keeps us informed about world events, covers international sports events С - can watch variety of films and programmes at home, cheaper than going to the cinema |
Example: You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
Fast food is very popular and saves time for busy working people. However, many experts say that it is not completely healthy.
What can you say for and against fast food? Write 200-250 words.
HELP! Fast Food Restaurants