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【Some of the reforms in the British education system】
Все дети в Британии должны посещать начальную школу с пяти до 11 лет, 【All children in Britain attend elementary school from five to 11 years】затем среднюю школу до 16 лет, где они могут оставаться, если захотят, до 18 лет.【then high school to 16 years, where they can stay if they want, up to 18 years.】 В государственных школах изучается более 90 % британских детей.【In public schools, studied more than 90% of British children.】 Частные школы содержаться за счет денег, которые платят родители и за счет частных фондов.【Private schools kept by the money that parents pay and by private foundations.】
Для всех государственных школ введен национальный учебный план.【For all public schools introduced the national curriculum.】 В этот план входят "основные" предметы (английский, математика и естествознание) и "основополагающие" предметы (история, география, технология, музыка, рисование и физкультура).【The plan includes the "core" subjects (English, mathematics and science) and "basic" subjects (history, geography, technology, music, drawing and Training)】 С 11 летнего возраста дети изучают еще один основополагающий предмет - какой-нибудь иностранный язык. Учащиеся сдают один и тот же экзамен по всей стране в возрасте 7, 11, 14 и 16 лет.【With 11 years of age, children learn another fundamental thing - any foreign language. Students take the same exam across the country at the age of 7, 11, 14 and 16 years.】 Эта реформа гарантирует высокий уровень преподавания и помогает определить, нужна ли ребенку дополнительная нагрузка или дополнительная помощь.【This reform ensures a high level of teaching and helps to determine whether a child needs extra load or extra help.】
В обучении широко применяются компьютеры.【The training is widely used computers.】 Все дети с пятилетнего возраста обучаются работе с компьютером. 【All children from the age of five trained work with your computer.】Это значительно повышает качество обучения детей.【This greatly improves the quality of children's education.】
Ex. 3 Read the text.
A college in America.
I. Choosing a college
If you meet a group of twelfth grade students they are all talking about one thing: What are they going to do next year? Some students don't want to go on with their education. When they leave school they will look for a job. Other students are thinking about colleges. They are each writing letters to three or four different colleges, and sending in forms. Colleges accept【принимать】 only those students who have done well in high school. They want to meet these students before they decide to accept them. Colleges want to know why students have chosen them, and how they will pay for their college education.
Students choose from about 2000 colleges in the US. Every school has its own special flavor【вкус】. Top students may choose famous " Ivy League"【Лиги Плюща】 schools like Princeton, Harvard, or Yale【Йельский университет】. They are the oldest colleges in the country - excellent, but very expensive. Other students choose large universities because they teach lots of different subjects. Some choose small religious【религиозный】 colleges.
There are differences between colleges and the type of study programs they have. For example, many four-year "Liberal Arts"【гуманитарные науки】 colleges are small and teach only the most important subjects【предметы】 for a general education. State universities are large. They teach many subjects and have some programs that last longer than four years. State universities are paid for by money from the state. Students from that state pay less to study there. Colleges are paid for privately, so students usually pay more to go there.
Whether a student chooses a small college or a large university, the cost of higher education in the United States is rising【подниматься】 every year. Many parents find it too expensive. Colleges and universities often have money for students who cannot pay, but it is not enough for everyone. Some have part-time jobs while they are at college. Studying and working at the same time can be very hard. But these students think it's worth all the hard work to get the college education they want.
II. Going to college
Going to college usually means leaving home for the first time. Most college students live on campus【кампус】, which is the place where all the college buildings are. Some have rooms in buildings called dormitories【общежития】. Others may live in "fraternity"【братство】 or "sorority【женское общество】" houses. These are clubs of men or women students. They choose their members carefully. Some students prefer to live off campus. They try to find rooms or apartments near the campus.
A college diploma is called a degree. There are three degrees that students can earn. The first four years of college gives an undergraduate degree. Students in undergraduate school study lots of subjects. They do not choose their most important subject until the end of undergraduate school. They earn credits【кредитов】 for the classes they complete. They must have a certain number of credits in their most important subject and some credits in other subjects, too. Then they get a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.
With a BA degree, college students can go on to graduate school. After two or three years, they can get a Master of Arts (MA) degree. They take only subjects that lead to the MA. These are subjects that will be important for their later work. Graduate school【Высшая школа】 can prepare【готовить】 students to become teachers or lawyers, for example. With a Master of Science degree (MSc), they can become scientists. They can prepare for work in business with a Master of Business Administration【администрация】 degree (MBA). Students can go on in graduate school to get a Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD). That is the highest degree university students can get. Most university teachers must have a PhD.
In the U.S., many students stay on at college to get a master's degree, because a bachelor's degree is often not enough to get the job they want. It can take a long time, and a lot of money. It can take at least ten years to become a lawyer, and five or six years to become a teacher. Many students are in their mid or late twenties when they finally start work.
Ex. 4 Say whether these statements are true or false. Correct false ones.
9）Graduate students study a wide range of subjects.【Students can go on in graduate school to get a Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD). That is the highest degree university students can get. Most university teachers must have a PhD.】
10）Only a PhD entitles you to work as a school teacher【That is the highest degree university students can get. Most university teachers must have a PhD.】
Ex. 5 Find in the texts the English equivalents to the following words and expressions.
уникальное учебное заведение【unique educational establishment】
индивидуальное обучение 【individual instruction】
старейшие университеты Новой Англии【Old University of New England】
студенческое братство, землячество (AmE)【Student Brotherhood, fraternity (AmE)】
женская община, женское землячество (AmE)【women's community, women's fraternity (AmE)】
программа обучения【program training】
студенческое общежитие (AmE)【student dormitory】
жить не на территории университета【to live off campus】
общеобразовательные институты【educational institutions】
жить на территории университета【to live on a university campus】
трехгодичное обучение【three-year training】
работа на неполный рабочий день【part-time jobs】
продолжить образование【continue education】
лучшие студенты【The best students】
иметь свою особенность,【have the feature】
зарабатывать баллы за прослушанный курс (сдачу экзаменов); получать зачет,【earn points for courses taken (exams); receive credit,】
посылать заявление/анкету【send an application / questionnaire】
питание и проживание【meals and accommodation】
принимать студентов【accept students】
предварительная квалификация【pre-qualification】
при помощи / посредством ч-л【by means of/through】
политехнический институт【Polytechnic Institute】
плата за обучение【tuition fee】
Ex. 6 Choose the right variant
1 After he'd graduated from the university he became a (an) __c__
|
a) senior |
b) aspirant |
c) postgraduate |
2 Do you __b_ school?
|
a) visit |
b) attend |
c) go to |
3 He is doing his second year in Harvard. He is a (an) _b__
|
a) pupil |
b) undergraduate |
c) graduate |
4 Let me introduce our colleague from Washington. He is a _a__ in the school
|
a) headmaster |
b) tutor |
5 She works and studies. She is _c__ .
|
a) full time |
b) graduate |
c) part time |
6 The student gets the help of his own _b__ whom he meets regularly.
|
a) principal |
b) tutor |
c) monitor |
7 After three years of studies and successful final examinations in British University you can get a __b_ degree.
|
a) PhD |
b) BA |
c) MA |
8 Studies such as ancient and modern literature, history are called _b__ .
|
a) humanity |
b) humanities |
c) humanitarians |
9 Before he left school, his father told him to start thinking about choosing a_b__ .
|
a) business |
b) career |
c) profession |
10 Before you are called for interview they will read your letter of _b__ carefully.
|
a) appliance |
b) request |
c) application |
11. Most member of our staff are university _a__ .
|
a) undergraduates |
b) graduates |
c) professionals |