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The birth of cinema in a form close to what we can see now, was on December 28, 1895, when on Boulevard des Capucines in the Hall "Grand Cafe" where the first session of cinematography was held. However, for this to happen, mankind has made three major steps.
The first step was made in 1685, when the "magic lantern" - Camera Obscura was invented
The device consists of a box with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside where it is reproduced, upside-down, but with color and perspective preserved. The image can be projected onto paper, and it can produce a highly accurate representation.
The second step was made in 1839 by Michael Faraday and his friend Max Roger. They tried to invent a device to animate the picture. A number of consecutive pictures were used with that device. They divided motion into phases (e.g. the movement of persons).
The third step took place in 1877. California Governor Leonard Stefard and photographer Edward Meybridge conducted an interesting experiment. Leonard was very fond of horses, and they bet on the topic "whether horse’s legs are taking off the ground during gallop or not." They bought 60 cameras and placed them on either side of the treadmill. When the horse was galloping, it touched the foot string, which was attached to the camera and the camera switched on and shot an image of the phases of the horse movements. This was the first attempt to expand the movement phase.
This was another attempt to record the movement phases.
Asking what was the first movie ever made is a bit like asking which came first, the chicken or the egg. It's hard to give a definitive reply. The answer really depends on what you consider to be a movie. If you consider a set of moving pictures to be the first movie ever made, then Eadweard Muybridge's high-speed photographs of a horse galloping can rightfully claim the title. While these photos can be considered the first moving pictures, were they truly the first movie ever made?
The best we can do is make a case for the leading contenders and let you decide for yourself what actually is the first movie ever.
The First Motion Picture Ever Made - The Horse In Motion (1878)
the idea of motion photography was born.
First Home Movie Ever Made - Roundhay Garden Scene (1888)
the Roundhay Garden Scene is thought to be the oldest surviving film on record.
The Roundhay Garden Scene was directed by the French inventor, Louis Le Prince. The actors were members of Le Prince's family playfully walking around a garden. The film lasts about two seconds.
Thomas Edison and Lumière Brothers were the inventors who made a great contribution into the development of "moving pictures".
In 1894 Thomas Edison invented the device called "kinestoskop." The "Moving Pictures", which he showed could watch only one person. There were about a hundred of such devices. People could watch short, simple films on it.
Monkeyshines No. 1 (1889 or 1890)
Monkeyshines, No. 1 may very well be the first movie ever shot using a continuous strip of film. It was shot as a camera test by W.K.L. Dickson and William Heise, both of whom worked for Thomas Edison. It was filmed to be a camera test and not for commercial purposes.
The film depicts a blurry Edison co-worker goofing off for the camera. It was quickly followed by Monkeyshines No. 2 and 3.
The First Copyrighted Movie Ever Made - Fred Ott's Sneeze (1893)
This title goes to Fred Ott's Sneeze, which reportedly was the first movie ever made at Thomas Edison's Black Maria rooftop studio. The actual name of this movie is Record of a Sneeze, which was made in late 1893 and copyrighted on January 7, 1894.
This movie was made for the Kinetoscope and not intended to be projected.
In the summer of 1893 (two years before the opening of the Lumiere Brothers developed a mechanism "snail", which was used to show moving pictures.
In November 1893 in Odessa hotels "France", there was a public demonstration of two films shot with "kinescope": "Rider" and "javelin thrower".
After some time, he demonstrated his device the Russian scientific community. They appreciated it, but they didn’t have money for the further development and learning; then he went to the association of businessmen, but his offer was not supported.
But his device was never patented.
A 2 years later, Lumiere brothers showed their discovery – cinematography - and became a part of the history and they are known all over the world as the creators of the first film.
First the Lumiere Brothers held a private screening of projected movies. This test screening was a success. The Lumiere's then held their first paid, public screening of movies on December 28, 1895 in the Grand Café in Paris. The program that night consisted of ten Lumiere shorts, each running approximately 50 seconds in length.
After the first viewing of "living pictures" shown by the Lumiere brothers, the owner of the "Grand Cafe", ordered to drown them all in the Seine. The plot of the first film was: train arrived at the station, and the audience in a fright ran from the room, thinking that this is a real train.
For many years, this popular means of entertainment - cinema, movies, or films - did not have a voice. It is called the silent era of movies. The technology to combine visuals with sound had not yet developed. But still there are such masterpieces that were appreciated and viewed over and over again, even after the 'talkies' arrived.
Silent movies were at their peak by the 1920s. By the 1920s, people could express thoughts, attitudes and feelings without saying a word
Acting
Charlie Chaplin, one of the geniuses of the silent era, very correctly once said that "Cinema is pantomimic art". No sound meant no dialogs, so your body language and facial expressions had to do all the talking. Many actors hence adopted hyperbole in their acting. You may notice many actors exaggerate their actions in silent films – if you fall, it has to be dramatic; if you are sad, you have to be melodramatic; if you are falling in love, you have to bat your eye-lashes and blush! Exaggeration worked especially well for comedies. But actors managed to do it beautifully; and they were brilliant.
Music has also the importance of creating a mood.
In the very beginning, music was only used to entertain the audiences before the actual movie began, and during the intertitles.
Later, movies were accompanied with live music performances that coordinated with the scene.
The first ever movie to have an original music score was D.W. Griffith's 1915 epic The Birth of a Nation (composed by Joseph Carl Breil).
Dialogs
When actors couldn’t avoid some dialogues, movies made use of the thing called intertitles. Intertitles were text plates inserted between the visuals. They helped carry the story from one point in the plot to another. Intertitles themselves went through various stages, from simple text intertitles to elaborate ones, sometimes even carrying an illustration of one or more of the movie characters. Writing intertitles became a profession. Intertitles became a special feature of the silent films.
Some of the initial movies were written, directed, and produced by a single person. Even after various divisions were established, some ambitious movie-makers continued to make 'all-me' films, where they worked on more than just one aspect of movie-making. Below is an account of some of the most celebrated legends of the silent cinema.
Charlie Chaplin
He was very famous in silent movies. He acted, directed, scripted, and produced most of them.
Charlie Chaplin was a performer for almost 70 years. He started working when he was 5, and worked until he was 80. The character that Charlie Chaplin played most was called "the Little Tramp".
The Great Dictator
Charlie Chaplin is one of the most sensitive comedians to have ever existed. You watch a Chaplin movie, and you laugh - but look into the eyes of the actor, and you cannot help shedding a tear. Chaplin's early life had him face tough times and go through hardships unimaginable of a small boy. It must have, however, paved the way for his film-technique - for Chaplin's humor is one that begins with laughter but leaves you ashamed of yourself and what the world around is turning into. Chaplin had the power to make you introspect, after giving you a good laugh - almost as if he were challenging you. Chaplin's films came to define and dominate the silent era, especially in the 1920s. Two of his films - The Gold Rush and The Circus, went on to become top-grossing silent films in the United States.
Chaplin won two special Oscars. Chaplin had first been chosen for both "Best Actor" and "Best Comedy Directing". But then, instead, he was given a special award "for versatility and genius in acting, writing, directing and producing". Chaplin's second special award came 44 years later, in 1972. When getting this award, Chaplin had the longest standing ovation (people standing up and clapping) in Academy Award history.[2] In 1976 he was given the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award.
The first ever talking movie was The Jazz Singer, which was released in 1927. However, attempts to construct a device that could combine visuals and sound had been made many years prior to the release of this movie. The early attempts of the film fraternity to adapt to 'talking movies' were clumsy, and for a brief period, the quality of work produced reduced significantly. But even as talkies gained popularity, many a director, producer and film-maker continued to make silent movies.
We indeed have a lot to owe to personalities of the silent film era, for they developed in us a taste to see motion on a screen, even though it was without sound.
Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California, United States situated west-northwest of downtown Los Angeles.[2]
Hollywood, Florida was designed in 1921 by developer Joseph W. Young. He was inspired by modern theories of urban planning, Originally swampland and thick forests, Hollywood is now known for its tree-lined boulevards, Spanish architecture, parks and beach.
The first film studio was established in 1911, when the Nestor Company bought an old tavern. The mild climate and plenty of open spaces have made this place very attractive for the rapidly growing movie industry and soon many studios were established in Hollywood. The city faced a major flow of people and money, with many clubs, restaurants, banks, offices and apartment buildings being built to serve the movie making industry.
The Hollywood Sign: It’s more than just nine white letters spelling out a city’s name; it’s one of the world’s most recognizable symbols – a universal metaphor for ambition, success and glamour…
It was created as an advertisement in 1923 and originally read "HOLLYWOODLAND". Its purpose was to advertise the name of a new housing development in the hills above the Hollywood district of Los Angeles.
Hollywood has seen many changes during its history and still remains a very active environment.
Hollywood stars have one thing in common: they have all passed through the gates of the fabled Hollywood studios.
The greatest studio in the history of Hollywood was never really in Hollywood.
The vast studios of Metro Goldwyn Mayer (M-G-M) were actually located in humble Culver City, some seven miles southwest of Hollywood.
M-G-M was the most powerful studio in Hollywood, renown for the glossy, bright, Technicolor style of its films, and for the unbeatable number of superstars.
They say that the studio had "More stars than there are in the heavens." And it sure seemed that way.
Paramount Studios. Is the longest continually operating studio in Hollywood. And Paramount is also one of the few studios that admit the public on regular guided tours of the studio's back lot.
Paramount Studios began in 1913 in a rented horse barn near Sunset & Vine, and moved to its current location on Gower Street in 1926. (That historic barn, where DeMille shot is now open to the public as the Hollywood Studio Museum.)
Warner Brothers, one of Hollywood's most famous studios, was founded in 1923 by four actual brothers: Jack, Sam, Harry & Albert Warner. The siblings never seemed to get along with each other, but Warner Bros Studios managed to produce some of the most memorable movies in the history of Hollywood, including the world's first sound movie "The Jazz Singer" (1927), "Casablanca" (1942), "The Exorcist" (1973), "Batman"."The Matrix," "The Green Mile," "Inception", "Sherlock Holmes", The Hangover"…
This is Walt Disney Studios, home of the greatest fantasy & animated films ever made. Starting with "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in 1937 (the first full length animated movie),
"Pinocchio" (1940), "Bambi" (1942), "Cinderella" (1950), "Alice in Wonderland" (1951), "Peter Pan" (1953), "Sleeping Beauty" (1959), "101 Dalmatians" (1961), "Mary Poppins" (1964), "Jungle Book" (1967), and "The Rescuers" (1977).
Ratatouille, "The Chronicles of Narnia: the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Walt Disney is a recordsman, he has the most Academy Award nominations (59) and the number of Oscars awarded (22) And Disney was the first major movie studio to make programs directly for television (beginning in 1954). The studio went through some lean times following Walt's death in 1966, but now everything is ok.
The most exciting new studio in Hollywood doesn't yet have a studio lot to call its own. DreamWorks SKG was born in October of 1994, the brainchild of a creative trio of industry giants: director Steven Spielberg, former Disney wunderkind Jeffrey Katzenberg, and record industry wiz David Geffen.
theTom Cruise sci-fi hit "War of the Worlds," "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events" (withJim Carrey), "Catch Me If You Can" (with Leonardo DiCaprio), "The Time Machine,"