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1 Choose parts of speech that are notional…
$$ The adverb, the verb, the modal verbs
2 Choose parts of speech that are structural…
$$ the preposition, the conjunction, the particle, the article
3 The noun is …
$$ a word expressing substance in the widest sense of the word
4 The structural parts of speech…
$$ express relations between words or sentences
5 Nouns have two numbers:
$$ singular and plural
6 Nouns have two case forms:
$$ the common and the genitive
7 According to there morphological composition nouns can be
$$ simple and derivative
8 Nouns fall under two classes
$$ proper and common
9 Nouns denoting things that can be counted are called…
$$ countable nouns
10 Nouns denoting things that can not be counted are called
$$ uncountable nouns
11 Individual names given to separate person or things are
$$ proper nouns
12 Names that can be applied to any individual of a class of persons or things
$$ common nouns
13 ...is a unit of grammar based on a morphological opposition of grammatical meanings presented in grammatical forms.
$$ A grammatical category
14. … is the smallest meaningful unit into which a word form may be divided.
$$ A morpheme
15. …expresses property
$$ The adjective
16. …share essential peculiarities of nouns (e.g. he), while others have much in common with adjectives (e. g. which)
$$ Pronoun
17….denote either number or place in a series
$$ Numerals
18…. expresses a process
$$ The verb
19…..indicate time or place of an action (yesterday, here), while others indicate its property (quickly) and others again the degree of a property (very).
$$ The adverb
20. … indicate relations between things and phenomena
$$ Prepositions
21. …express connections between things and phenomena.
$$ Conjunctions
22. …denote subjective shades of meaning introduced by the speaker or writer and serving to emphasise or limit some point in what he says.
$$ Particles
23. …express feelings (ah, alas). They are not names of feelings but the immediate expression of them.
$$Interjections
24 Most adjectives have degrees of comparison:
$$ the comparative degree and the superlative degree
25 According to their meaning and grammatical characteristics adjectives fall under two classes:
$$ qualitative adjectives and rela tive adjectives
26 According to their morphological composition adjectives are divided into
$$ simple and derivative
27. …. are adjectives which have neither prefixes nor suffixes. They are indecomposable: e. g. good, red, black.
$$ Simple adjectives
28. … are adjectives which have derivative elements, suffixes or prefixes or both: beautiful, foolish, hopeless, unkind, unimportant.
$$ Derivative adjectives
29. … are adjectives built from two or more stems.
$$ Compound adjectives
30. … denote qualities of a substance directly, not through its relation to another substance, as size, shape, colour, physical and mental qualities, qualities of general estimation
$$ qualitative adjectives
31…. denote qualities of a substance through their relation to materials (silken, woollen, wooden), to place (Italian, Asian), to time (monthly, weekly), to some action (pre paratory, rotatory).
$$ Relative adjectives
32. … have acquired some or all of the charac teristics of the noun, but their adjectival origin is still generally felt.
$$ Substantivized adjectives
33 personal pronouns:
$ he, she, it, we, you, they.
34 possessive pronouns:
$$ my, his, her, its, our, your, their; mine, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs.
35 reflexive pronouns:
$$ myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourself (yourselves), themselves.
36reciprocal pronouns:
$$ each other, one another
37 demonstrative pronouns:
$$ this (these), that (those), such, (the) same.
38 interrogative pronouns:
$$ who, whose, what, which
39 defining pronouns:
$$ each, every, everybody, everyone, everything, all, either, both, other, another.
40 indefinite pronouns:
$$ some, any, somebody, anybody, something, anything, someone, anyone, one.
41 negative pronouns:
$$ no, none, neither, nobody, no one, nothing.
42. …are those which have a full meaning of their own and can be used without any additional words as a simple predicate. Here belong such verbs as to write, to read, to speak, to know, to ask.
$$ Notional verbs
43… are those which have lost their meaning and are used only as form words, thus having only a grammatical function. They are used in analytical forms. Here belong such verbs as to do, to have, to be, sliall, will, should, would
$$ Auxiliary verbs
44. … are verbs which to a smaller or greater extent have lost their meaning and are used in the compound nominal predicate.
$$ Link verbs
45 simple adverbs
$$ long, enough, then, there
46 derivative adverbs
$$ slowly, likewise, forward, headlong
47 compound adverbs
$$ anyhow, sometimes, nowhere
48 composite adverbs
$$ at once, at last
49… express the feelings of the speaker. They are: ah, oh, eh, bravo, alas, etc.
$$ Emotional interjections
50. … show the will of the speaker or his order or appeal to the hearer. They are: here, hush, sh-sh, well, come, now, etc.
$$ Emotional interjections
51 His advice___always reasonable. I advise you to follow___.
$$ is, it
52 The applause___deafening. I can't stand___any longer. Let's go out.
$$ is, it
53 The second witness's evidence___more convincing. ___made me believe that the suspect is innocent.
$$ is, it
54 Look, her clothes___brand new. Where did she get the money to buy___?
$$ are, them
55 The Browns who lived in___house___dining with the Harrisons who___their best friends.
$$ a three-storey, were, were
56 The information he gave us___convincing. I don't think we should check___.
$$ is, it
57 Her pyjamas___made of silk. I like___very much.
$$ are, them
58 These scissors___dull! I can't cut anything with
$$ are, them
59 When I move to London, I'll have to find lodgings. I'm afraid___will be very expensive and I'll have to pay for___half of my salary,
$$ they, them
60 1 think billiards___a dull game. I wonder why the youth nowadays___so fond of___?
$$ is, are, it
61 He is so depressed. The content of the letter___ made public. General public___discussing___.
$$ has been, is, it
62 Look! Goods___displayed in the window. The manager says that there will be___sale.
$$ are, two-days'
63 Our family ___ good at playing draughts. Draughts___our favourite game. We play___every weekend.
$$ is, are, it
64 Stop! The traffic___heavy and the traffic lights ___red. In___time you will cross the street.
$$ is, are, two-minutes'is,
65 He spent___holiday at the___,
$$ a week, Richardsons'
66 She was going for___walk across the fields to the___house. She was sure that he would help her because it was the duty of___to help poor people like her.
$$ a ten-mile, governor-general's, governor-generals
67 She wished she had a little garden with___and like that of___.
$$ lily-of-the-valleys, forget-me-nots, Mrs. Sand's
68 Take your___and get out with___! You got my ___ notice, didn't you?
$$ belongings, them, two week's
69 We want to equip our factory with___and to install___ in the assembly shop.
$$ a new machinery, it
70 Have you got all the___of Byron in your home library? — Yes, I have, but I haven't read all of___.
$$ works, them
71 He crossed___stream which was below the pool stepping cautiously from___stone to___stone.
$$ the,___,___
72 In___ spring of___following year we went___abroad and were absent several months.
$$ the, the___
73 ___day after my talk with Isabel I left___Chicago for___ San Francisco where I was to take ship for___ Far East.
$$ the,___,___, the
74 After___lunch they sat down under the oak tree drinking___Turkish coffee.
$$ ___, ___
75 1 had scarcely got into___bed when a strain of _ music seemed to break forth in___air just below my window.
$$ the,___, the
76 But after___fortnight of___bad weather it cleared. "Let's see how___weather turns out?" he said and took a chair nearer at___hand.
$$ a,___, the,___
77 At___tea, which they both took with___lemon, John spoke about___Bahamas.
$$ ___,___, the
78 ___map of ___world, until ___end of ___ fifteenth century exhibited only___one hemisphere, and even that was not completely explored.
$$ the, the, the, the,___
79 As___weather was fine, they had___pleasant walk across___park which stretched along___Thames.
$$ the, a, the, the
80 On___first of___May, after their last year together at___college, Frank and Robert were on___ tram.
$$ the,___,___, a
81 He___for some time before a servant___and___what he___.
$$ had been knocking, opened, asked, wanted
82 The doctor___there___nothing to worry about if the fever___above 38,5°.
$$ said, was, did not go
83 1___a wash and a brush-up before starting to go to the luncheon Tom___me to, when they___me from the desk to say that he___below.
$$ was having, had invited, rang, was
84 While we___at___lunch, a letter___to me from my sister.
$$ were,___, was delivered
85 Some day I___to Paris to revisit all the places where I___in the time of my youth. I___them for a quarter of a century or so.
$$ will go, lived, haven't seen
86 Hardly___asleep___an alarm clock___.
$$ had I gone, when, rang
87 We___continue our research unless he___us.
$$ won't be able to, helps
88 We___him in many moods, but none of us___him to do a cruel thing.
$$ have seen, have ever known
89 He needed to feel that he___, that he___here, and that his word___.
$$ was being listened to, was commanding, was always obeyed
90 Look! What___beautiful view! The sun___yet, but the grey sky___near the horizon.
$$ a, has not appeared, is parted
91 When he saw that someone___at him, he did not immediately realize who this someone___.
$$ was looking, was
92 While our coffee___, I___him our sad story which'impressed him___.
$$ was being made, told, greatly
93 It___in the night, but now there___sunshine.
$$ has been raining,
94 As he___the room that morning, Ann___up the letter which she___.
$$ entered, was holding, had just received
95 1___a note with the address of the hotel and the boy's name into his pocket___he___his way.
$$ have put, in case, loses
96 They___, but as they___me there___a hush.
$$ were talking, saw, was
97 Come on, if the sun___before we___home, we ___our way.
$$ has set, reach, will lose
98 ___when he___her for the first time.
$$ Tell me, met
99 He was tired and by the time I___, he___asleep.
$$ came, had fallen
100 The great majority of students___present at the conference.___great number of them___to listen to your lecture and each of them___ready to answer your questions.
$$ are, A, want, is
111 Individual names given to separate person or things are
$$ proper nouns
112 Names that can be applied to any individual of a class of persons or things
$$ common nouns
113….is a unit of grammar based on a morphological opposition of grammatical meanings presented in grammatical forms.
$$ A grammatical category
114. … is the smallest meaningful unit into which a word form may be divided.
$$ A morpheme
115. …expresses property
$$ The adjective
116. …share essential peculiarities of nouns (e.g. he), while others have much in common with adjectives (e. g. which)
$$ Pronoun
117….denote either number or place in a series
$$ Numerals
118…. expresses a process
$$ The verb
119…..indicate time or place of an action (yesterday, here), while others indicate its property (quickly) and others again the degree of a property (very).
$$ The adverb
120. … indicate relations between things and phenomena
$$ Prepositions
121 "They___an excellent vacancy last week. You ___an opportunity of getting it," he reproached me.
$$ had, shouldn't have missed
122 He had to earn___living at___an early age,___?
$$ his, such, didn't he
123 We___a camera because we never___a chance to use it.
$$ needn't have taken, had
124 The line is busy; somebody___on the telephone now.
$$ must be speaking
125 You___this! See how___she is.
$$ ought not to have said, distressed
126 He says that nothing___, because it is too___. But I don't believe a single word___; they___us.
$$ can be done, late, of his, can't have failed
127 1 managed to come here at half past six. But I___. They___.
$$ needn't have hurried, had already left
128 If she doesn't take care of___, she___have a nervous breakdown and___to hospital.
$$ herself, may, may have to go
129 He___his wallet himself, it___.
$$ may have lost, can't have been stolen
130 You___a message at least! We___for two hours.
$$ might have sent, had been waiting
131 Only ___the deserts ___the Rockies and the Sierras,___the mountains and___the plains of eastern Kansas and Nebraska the American Indians still dominated the land.
$$ in, between, in, on
132___1812 Russian fur traders established Fort Ross ___California's northern coast and it functioned___a Russian trading post___1841 when,___order from Alaska, the fort was dismantled.
$$ in, on, as, until, by
133 Abraham Lincoln was born___February 12,1809 ___a small farm ___Kentucky ___the family of a wandering laborer.
$$ on, on, in, in
134 The high brown-painted bookshelves___the wall ___the fireplace were full___books.
$$ across, opposite, of
135 Chicago lies___800 miles inland___the Atlantic Ocean and___centuries was known only___Indians ___a small trading post.
$$ about, from, for, to, as
136 They walked slowly___the road___two small hills tired___the hot afternoon sun.
$$ along, between, of
137 When I come___some English words which I don't know I always look them___in the dictionary.
$$ across, up
138 The Milky Way,___a river___the night sky, consists___countless stars too faint to be seen separately.
$$ like, across, of
139___, trials the judge always objects___questions that suggest answers instead of asking___information.
$$ at, to, for
140 Responsibility___providing school education is shared___the. central department and local education authorities.
$$ for, by
141___ a moment he hesitated; then he walked straight___the door and knocked___it. "I'll say I've knocked___mistake," he thought.
$$ for, to, at, by
142 Many of the first immigrants died___diseases, and their ships were often battered___storm and lost ___sea.
$$ of, by, at
143 The solution ___the problem was to build a merchant fleet and look___markets___far corners of the earth. So trade became the key___prosperity.
$$ to, for, in, to
144 Situated___the San Francisco Bay and___the steep hills, San Francisco is a colourful city___lovely vistas, beautiful bridges (___these the famous Golden Gate Bridge) and richly decorated private mansions.
$$ along, among, of, among
145 He crossed the street and sat___one of the iron benches that were placed___the trees___the shade.
$$ on, under, in
146 1 shouted___my aunt and she came downstairs. My uncle was sitting ___his armchair ___the fire reading The Financial Times.
$$ to, in, by
147___the very beginning he became very popular ___his classmates owing___his striking ability___ telling frightening stories.
$$ at, with, to, of
148 Jack did not much care___his host. It never occurred___him that he might be a burden.
$$ for, to
149 1 am so sorry___being late. It's been good__ you to wait___. me.
$$ for, of, for
150 Her job___a tourist guide consists___taking tourists___the town and answering___their questions.
$$ as, of, round,___
151 Parts of speech that are notional…
$$ The adverb, the verb, the modal verbs
152 Choose parts of speech that are structural…
$$ the preposition, the conjunction, the particle, the article
153 The noun is …
$$ a word expressing substance in the widest sense of the word
154 The structural parts of speech…
$$ express relations between words or sentences
155 Nouns have two numbers:
$$ singular and plural
156 Nouns have two case forms:
$$ the common and the genitive
157 According to there morphological composition nouns can be
$$ simple and derivative
158 Nouns fall under two classes
$$ proper and common
159 Nouns denoting things that can be counted are called…
$$ countable nouns
160 Nouns denoting things that can not be counted are called
$$ uncountable nouns
161 Schools___pay___attention to examination___,and more attention___child.
$$ must, few, successes, on a,
162 Can you play___violin? — Yes, and I think___violin is more difficult than___piano.
$$ the, the, the
163 The Prime Minister left this morning for a tour of___ Far East, He will visit ___ Singapore and ___Malaysia and then go on to___Philippines where he will make___speech about the environment,
$$ the,___,___, the, a
164 The King Juan Carlos of the Spain arrived in London today for___visit to___United Kingdom. He___by ___Queen and drove with her to___Buckingham Palace.
$$ a three day, the, was met, the,__
165 When my rich uncle died, he left___half of his fortune to his cat and___other half to a distant relative!
$$ ___, the
166 There are___new houses, but th%y have no___ local character; you can see the same style___in the country.
$$ a few,___, anywhere
167 Do you happen___which is the___planet in our solar system? — Pluto,___it? I know it is the___away from the sun.
$$ to know, smallest, isn't, furthest
168 In spite of the fact that Jean always___she's short___money, she___to have a very___paid job.
$$ says, of, is said, well
169 We used to___to bed at___midnight or later Now we are asleep by ten because with our baby we've bad to get used to___up at five o'clock.
$$ go,___, waking
170 We___to finish the project by the end of the month but we keep___by changes in the plans.
$$ hope, being delayed
171 1 did not much speak English ___because I couldn't think of the words___enough, but lately I___ much___.
$$ at first, quickly, have become, more fluent
172 1 think it's a pity Rebecca had her hair___short
because she looked much___before.
$$ cut, nicer
173 1 don't mind___at by him. He threatened___ me last week, but he apologized___me very politely then.
$$ being shouted, to sack, to
174 I've tried___the problem with her, but she always she is too busy. I've even tried___her___lunch
vrith me but she refused___.
$$ to discuss, says, asking, to, to go
175 1___rather she___a chat with him. How long ___like this?
$$ would, had, has he been
176 His wife who___their baby daughter into the bed___in the parlour___socks.
$$ had just put, was sitting, darning
177 ___I knew of the inmates of Moor House,___I liked them because they were the best people I___.
$$ the more, the better, had ever met
178 The miles appeared ___ so long that they sometimes thought they___the road.
$$ to be, must have missed
179 Harry was the first ___that his brother ___ forward___the candidate for this district.
$$ to suggest, be put, as
180 1 always used to arrive___at the office, but since Laurie was born my secretary___used to___me hard at work by the time she gets in.
$$ late, has got, finding
181 "They___an excellent vacancy last week. You ___an opportunity of getting it," he reproached me.
$$ had, shouldn't have missed
182 He had to earn___living at___an early age,___?
$$ his, such, didn't he
183 We___a camera because we never___a chance to use it.
$$ needn't have taken, had
184 The line is busy; somebody___on the telephone now.
$$ must be speaking
185 You___this! See how___she is.
$$ ought not to have said, distressed
186 He says that nothing___, because it is too___. But I don't believe a single word___; they___us.
$$ can be done, late, of his, can't have failed
187 1 managed to come here at half past six. But I___. They___.
$$ needn't have hurried, had already left
188 If she doesn't take care of___, she___have a nervous breakdown and___to hospital.
$$ herself, may, may have to go
189 He___his wallet himself, it___.
$$ may have lost, can't have been stolen
190 You___a message at least! We___for two hours.
$$ might have sent, had been waiting
191 His advice___always reasonable. I advise you to follow___.
$$ is, it
192 The applause___deafening. I can't stand___any longer. Let's go out.
$$ is, it
193 The second witness's evidence___more convincing. ___made me believe that the suspect is innocent.
$$ is, it
194 Look, her clothes___brand new. Where did she get the money to buy___?
$$ are, them
195 The Browns who lived in___house___dining with the Harrisons who___their best friends.
$$ a three-storey, were, were
196 The information he gave us___convincing. I don't think we should check___.
$$ is, it
197 Her pyjamas___made of silk. I like___very much.
$$ are, them
198 These scissors___dull! I can't cut anything with
$$ are, them
199 When I move to London, I'll have to find lodgings. I'm afraid___will be very expensive and I'll have to pay for___half of my salary,
$$ they, them
200 1 think billiards___a dull game. I wonder why the youth nowadays___so fond of___?
$$ is, are, it
201___ a moment he hesitated; then he walked straight___the door and knocked___it. "I'll say I've knocked___mistake," he thought.
$$ for, to, at, by
202 Many of the first immigrants died___diseases, and their ships were often battered___storm and lost ___sea.
$$ of, by, at
203 The solution ___the problem was to build a merchant fleet and look___markets___far corners of the earth. So trade became the key___prosperity.
$$ to, for, in, to
204 Situated___the San Francisco Bay and___the steep hills, San Francisco is a colourful city___lovely vistas, beautiful bridges (___these the famous Golden Gate Bridge) and richly decorated private mansions.
$$ along, among, of, among
205 He crossed the street and sat__one of the iron benches that were placed_the trees_he shade.
$$ on, under, in
2061 shouted___my aunt and she came downstairs. My uncle was sitting ___his armchair _the fire reading The Financial Times.
$$ to, in, by
207___the very beginning he became very popular ___his classmates owing___his striking ability___ telling frightening stories.
$$ at, with, to, of
208 Jack did not much care___his host. It never occurred___him that he might be a burden.
$$ for, to
209 1 am so sorry___being late. It's been good__ you to wait___. me.
$$ for, of, for
210 Her job___a tourist guide consists___taking tourists___the town and answering___their questions.
$$ as, of, round,___
211 Please give me___copy of the magazine.
$$ another
212 I see only five boys here. Where are___ones?
$$ the other
213 There were seven people on the beach; two of them were bathing,___were playing volleyball.
$$ the others
214 1 can give you only a small dictionary, I have got no
$$ other
215 Two of their guests left rather early,___stayed till midnight.
$$ the others
216 Well, kid,___fifty yards and you will be at home.
$$ another
217 There have been two oranges on the table. One is .here, and where is___?
$$ the other
218 I'm going to stay here for___few days.
$$ another
219 1 think you should choose___colour. This one is too dark.
$$ another
220 Why is he so selfish? He never thinks about___.
$$ others
221 I___him for a year and more, but he looked up at me as if I___in yesterday.
$$ had not seen, had been
222 Can he___? — Yes, and even turned red. He was worth___at.
$$ have got embarrassed, being looked
223 He wished he ___there longer. He had looked forward to___the sights of this old town.
$$ had stayed, seeing
224 "___nineteen he made a petty tour with his mother, father and sister: ___ Brussels, ___ Rhine, ___ Switzerland,___Italian Alps and, of course, Paris.
$$ aged,___, the,___, the
225 The sightseeing came to an end, and___to___ Hague.
$$ so did our visit, the
226 "If you don't want to be late for lunch, you___ better___and have your bath,"___Mother said___a loud voice.
$$ had, go,___, in
227 "It looks as if we ___going to have ___good flying weather tomorrow," said Mr. Sunbury.
$$ were,___
228 The past flood is reported not_______damage to the crops.
$$ to have caused, much
229 Looking back upon that time, I thought that all ___different___for the interference of my parents.
$$ might have been, had it not been
230 And I began to see that___man-mustn't live for any more. He's got___of.___others.
$$ a, himself, to think,___
231 Why are you talking___loudly and making___ much noise? It is high time you_______business.
$$ so, so, got, down to
232 If he takes___alcohol and gets___your nerves they will be grateful___you if you let them___.
$$ to, on, to, know
233 After___a bad match the team captain insisted that they___things___.
$$ such, should take, easy
234 1 don't remember___that they have moved___ another flat.
$$ their mentioning, to
235 It will be so kind ___you if you can get this banknote___for me.
$$ of, cashed
236 1 am right,___I? He hasn't come. So there has been nothing to discuss,___?
$$ aren't, has there
237 Most of us___plenty of things that we are not ___to have. We must___it.
$$ want, likely, put up with
238 He got me___that he did not want the story___ on.
$$ to understand, to let
239___the first lines___he remembered___these words somewhere else.
$$ hardly had he read, when, reading
240 You___till I came back. I___late.
$$ might have waited, had been working