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Задание 1. Прочитайте текст, переведите и ответьте на вопросы.
An opinion poll conducted among designers of office décor has yielded a stunning result: There is a clear dividing line between “Westerners” and “Russian traditionalists” with regard to the appearance of a contemporary office. Although the two groups of designers fulfill different orders to decorate different orders, the former believe that their task is to competently apply Western design solutions in Russia, while the latter counter that “Russia is unique in its specifics, which demand special solutions.”
What are the main differences between these approaches to the organization of office space? If, for example, a Western company organizes a Moscow office, it will practically resemble a standard Western office, which typically has open space with no partitions, with each workplace well planned, with a minimum of furniture, and with a well-defined color spectrum. A Western office strictly conforms to ergonomics as regards lighting, intercom, and computer network - all forming an integral part of the interior décor.
Another characteristic feature of a Western office is its “democratic” styling: The boss’ workplace looks practically the same as that of a rank-and-file office worker. As for the Western manager, he trusts his office designers more than his Russian counterparts do.
A typical Russian boss looks at the designer’s task from a totally different viewpoint. This is due primarily to our Russian traditions and mentality, which the designer has to take into account. Typically, he has to reserve for the boss a vast VIP space that takes up the bulk of the funding. A separate office space - preferable with a waiting room - for the Russian boss is a must. And if funding permits, he must also have a separate toilet, a rest and a billiard room, a sauna, and other luxuries. These normally include a dark-wood-table with inlaid designs, and other high-end furniture. The whole set-up of the boss’ private office gives you to understand that he is a man of considerable stature, manifestations of which are, among other things, his red carpet strips or his Persian carpet, which is more often seen in the management office of big companies nowadays.
Задание 2. Переведите, обращая внимание на формы причастий.
Задание 3. Раскройте скобки и выберите нужную форму: Past Simple или Present Perfect.
Задание 4. Раскройте скобки и выберите нужную форму: Past Simple или Past Perfect. Переведите.
Задание 5. Измените формы сказуемого в действительном залоге на страдательный. Переведите.
Задание 6. Переведите предложение, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Задание 1. Прочитайте текст, переведите и ответьте на вопросы.
In the designers’ community there is a clear dividing line between “Westerners” and “Russian traditionalists”. Minimal furnishings and high-tech office equipment are typical of the boss’ private offices in the West. The majority of Russian company directors firmly believe that their private office should convey a sense of awesomeness. The furnishings of the boss’ private office include a dark-wood table, with inlaid designs and other high-end furniture. The whole set-up of the boss’ private office gives you to understand that he is a man of considerable stature.
By contrast, the furniture for a Russian company’s rank-and-file employees can be the cheapest; it’s the norm for many Russian companies to economize on furniture for their office workers. Designers find it hard to work with such a company, as it will interfere in the designing process and try to teach him how he should create the office’s interior décor. Such an attitude on the part of Russian managers is incomprehensible to Westerners.
This does not mean, however, that Russian managers can be accused of being uncultured. It’s just that many of them are compelled to follow long-standing traditions. They admit that they personally have no need for a luxurious private office, and that is a hindrance to efficient work. They point out, however, that clients will find it strange if the manager’s office doesn’t have extravagant furnishings.
Attitudes are different in the United States, where people of the stature of Microsoft’s Bill Gates can go to work wearing an old sweater and a pair of sneakers. If a Russian boss did that, eyebrows would rise. Nonetheless, the number of Western-type offices is increasing in Russia every year, and this is a stable trend.
Задание 2. Переведите, обращая внимание на формы причастий.
Задание 3. Раскройте скобки и выберите нужную форму: Past Simple или Present Perfect. Переведите.
Задание 4. Раскройте скобки и выберите нужную форму: Past Simple или Past Perfect. Переведите.
Задание 5. Измените формы сказуемые в действительном залоге на страдательный. Переведите.
Задание 6. Переведите предложение, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Задание 1. Прочитайте текст, переведите и ответьте на вопросы.
Drab offices are being transformed by modern interior décor as enterprise managers realize that the efficiency of staff depends greatly on workplace furnishing style. What a modern-day office should look like is open to debate.
There is difference between a Western manager and a Russian boss concerning their attitude to office designers. As for the Western managers, he trusts his office designers. A typical Russian boss looks at the designer’s task from totally different viewpoint. This is due primarily to our Russian traditions and mentality which the designer has to take into account.
Now let us look at a few more problems stemming from the so-called “Russian mentality”.
It/s traditional in Russia to discuss global problems in the kitchen and to have brain storms in the smoking room. In terms of office design, this means office premises must have a lot of “free space” for informal debate. A lack of such space can lead to a sharp fall in performance rating. In the science-intensive sectors, the inadequacy of “free space” will inevitably cause disaster, ending up not just in the death of a major project, but also in the breakup of the team or the firm concerned.
One more factor of major importance: Russians are more particular about their workplaces than people in other countries are. Unless the designer has created such a space, members of the staff will create it for themselves with anything handy - cardboard boxes or stacks of paper rising up on their tables. If they don’t do that they will find it hard to concentrate.
This character trait of Russians has created a formidable but interesting task for designers. On the one hand, the office must have as much open space as possible; on the other, it must create an illusion of privacy.
A great many methods have been devised to achieve these effects through selection of colors, arrangement of light and adeptly adjusted transparency of the partitions.
Задание 2. Переведите, обращая внимание на формы причастий.
Задание 3. Раскройте скобки и выберите нужную форму: Past Simple или Present Perfect . Переведите.
Задание 4. Раскройте скобки и выберите нужную форму: Past Simple или Past Perfect. Переведите.
Задание 5. Измените формы сказуемые в действительном залоге на страдательный. Переведите.
Задание 6. Переведите предложение, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Заключительные контрольные тесты включают грамматический материал с 1–8 уроков.
Первая цифра в тесте означает номер урока, вторые цифры – номер задания предложения, например: 1.1-10 (урок 1 предложение с 1 по 10 имеют одно и то же задание).
1.1-10. Замените подлежащие личными местоимениями.
Образец: The table is round.
he
she
it
him
Ответ: it.
1.11-20. Выберите перевод притяжательного местоимения – существительного.
Образец: My car is in the yard. Where is твоя?
your
yours
ours
mine
Ответ: yours.
1.21-25. Раскройте скобки и укажите количественные местоимения.
Образец: There (to be) много apple-trees in the garden.
are much
is much
are many
Ответ: are many.
2.1-10. Поставьте глагол в форме Present Simple или Present Continuous.
Образец: (to see) that you (not to listen) to the radio.
see, listen
sees, listens
see, is listening
see, are not listening
Ответ: see, are not listening.
2.11-15. Выберите верное окончание разделительного вопроса (Present Simple, Continuous).
Образец: He is your brother, … ?
isn’t it
is she
isn’t he
is it
Ответ: isn’t he.
2.16-20. Выберите начало вопросительного предложения с подчеркнутой части предложения (Present Simple, Continuous).
Образец: Her son does well at school.
Where does … ?
Who does … ?
What does … ?
How does … ?
Ответ: How does he do at school?
3.1-10. Поставьте глагол в форме Past Simple, или Past Continuous.
Образец: We … the whole evening yesterday.
talked
was talking
were talking
talking
Ответ: were talking.
4.1-10. Поставьте глагол в форме Future Simple или Future Continuous.
Образец: He … tomorrow.
will be calling
will call
would call
calls
Ответ: will call.
5.1-5. Переведите слова в скобках, используя формы причастия I или причастия II.
Образец: The man (подписывающий) contract is our manager.
signed
signing
signs
is signing
Ответ: signing.
6.1-5. Выберете нужную форму сказуемого (Present Perfect, или Past Simple).
Образец: The manager (to sign) the contract lately.
signed
signs
has signed
have signed
Ответ: has signed.
7.1-10. Выберете перевод сказуемого в страдательном залоге
Образец: The work has been finished this week.
заканчивалась
закончили
заканчивается
заканчивают
Ответ: закончили.
8.1-5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или эквивалентами модальных глаголов.
Образец: I was late because I … take a taxi.
must
could not
had to
was able to
Ответ: could not.
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