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Предоплата всего
Подписываем
Вариант 1
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. A marble pavilion protects the house. 2. The boys will paint the roof of the house. 3. Tom Sawyer whitewashed the fence. 4. The waves carried the boat away. 5. We shall do the translation in the evening.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. Nobody ( saw/was seen) him yesterday. 2. The telegram (will be received/will receive) tomorrow. 3. He (will give/will be given) me this book next week. 4. The answer to this question (was found/found) in the encyclopedia. 5. We (showed/were shown) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team. 2. The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived. 3. Your report must (to divide) into two chapters. 4. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 5. The book (to discuss) at the next conference.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Steel Sheets
Sumitomo Metals domestic sales of sheet in fiscal 1993 declined with the slump in the industries that are the main users of steel sheets automobiles, electric appliances, and construction. Not only did the amount of sheets sold fall, but a gap arose between supply and demand because of the nation-wide excess capacity of blast furnace steelmakers and the new entry into the sheet market of electric furnace steelmakers; competition among these manufacturers became severe, leading to a drop in prices.
Concerning exports, sales to the Peoples Republic of China continued firm in the first half. However, the export situation was difficult because of structural problems: severe competition from mills in newly industrializing economies, and weakening competitiveness because of the yens high value. To deal with this situation Sumitomo Metals is engaged in a company-wide restructuring.
Hot and Cold Strip: Sumitomo continues to cut delivery time by direct charging continuous-cast high-temperature slabs into the heating furnaces, and by using technology for changing slab width resizing press. To ensure efficient rolling operations, Sumitomo has established a fully continuous productivity. This process improves the dimensional accuracy of plate thickness, Sumitomos unique VC rolls control flatness automatically, and other technologies treat the hot strip mill rolls for high abrasion resistance and produce sheet with a smoother surface. Further, a new cold rolling mill went on-stream in April 1993 at Kashima Steel Works to meet users increasingly severe requirements concerning dimensions, shape, and surface quality.
Вариант 2
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. You promised me these books long ago. 2. The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 3. The news surprised me. 4.The storm damaged the roof. 5. They will install the computer next week.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. You (will find/will be found) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book. 2. Budapest (divides/is devided) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest. 3. Yuri Dolgoruki (was founded/ founded) Moscow in 1147. 4. Moscow University (founded/was founded) by Lomonosov. 5. We (cal/are calledl) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago but it seems to me that I've known him for years. 2. The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to understand) by all of us. 3. The poem was so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody. 4. I hope the invitation (to accept) by everybody. 5. The letter (to post) in half an hour.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Electromagnetic Sheets: Sumitomo is a full-scale producer of non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheets, using state-of-the-art equipment of its own design. These sheets are outstanding for their magnetic properties, dimenweldability, and other attributes.
Coated Steel Sheets: Sumitomos line of coated steel sheets is diverse enough to satisfy increasing demand for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of products such as automobiles, electric appliances, and construction materials. Our line of hot-dip galvanized sheets includes Tough-Zinc and Tough-Zinc alloy, as well as Sumi-Galfan and the high-corrosion-resistant Zn-5% Al alloy.
Electrogalvanized steel sheets (Sumi-Zinc) are used in many products, electrical equipment in particular. Sumitomo was the first to develop nickel-zinc alloy electrogalvanized steel sheets (Sumi-Zinc Super). Coated sheets (Tuff-Coat III), made by coating Sumi-Zinc Super with a special organic resin, and an iron-zinc dual phase electrogalvanized sheet (Sumi-Zinc Exceed), have good reputations as rust-resistant steel sheets for automobiles.
Sumitomos precoated sheet (Hi-Coat) is made for applications requiring high brilliance, workability, and adhesive properties. This product holds a large share of the market for refrigerator door material.
Steel Plates
Domestic sales of steel plates remained sluggish in fiscal 1993 due to the continuing recession and the decline of indirect exports resulting from the high value of the yen. The amounts sold to the shipbuilding, construction, and industrial machinery industries, the main users of plates, all fell below last years. Plate exports, on the other hand, recorded a significant quantitative increase over the previous year.
Вариант 3
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. She took a long time to write the composition. 2. Don't put the cup there: somebody will break it. 3. They invite me to the party. 4. We met many difficulties but all the same we finished the work in time. 5. We shall leave you behind if you are not quick.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. My dog (took/was taken) the food from the table. 2. During the second time the footballer (has been taken/has taken) to the hospital.3. The sandwich (will be made/will make) for me in time. 4. He (had washed/has been washed) his sweater in the hot water. 5. My sister (sells/is sold) insurance polices.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 2. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 3. The article (to publish) last week if I am not mistaken. 4. The lectures (to attend) by all of us. 5. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago so we are expecting it any moment.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Steel Plates
Sumitomo Metals has continued to develop and sell high-grade steels unrivaled by other countries; fiscal 1993 also saw significant achievements. The Company sold its 60k and 80 k high tensile strength steel for penstock to the Peoples Republic of China for the Shihsanling hydroelectric power plant (3,2000 tons), to India for the KOYNA project (5,000 tons), and to TheChubu Electric Power Co., Ltd. in Japan for the Okumino power plant (600 tons).
Sumitomo shipped 25,000 tons of its low YR, X-65 steel to Irans APM for large-diameter steel pipe. The Company received an order for about 5,000 tons of TMCP (thermomechanical control process) plates for the Sheel Mars tension leg platform in the Gulf of Mexico; shipment began at the end of the fiscal year.
For bridge construction Sumitomo developed a low-preheating-type 80 k high tensile strength steel; 11,400 tons have been ordered by the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority for stiffening girders to be used in the Akashi Straits bridge, the worlds largest suspension bridge. Finally, Sumitomo has begun manufacturing 9 % nickel plates, the highest grade of steel, for Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. to make tanks for storing LNG at low temperatures. Orders have been received also from The Chubu Electric Power Co., Ltd. (Kawagoe) and Nippon Gas Co., Ltd. (Kagoshima).
Tubes and Pipe
Steel tube and pipe sales in fiscal 1993 declined by 4 % compared to the previous year, with domestic sales falling by 6 % and exports by 3 %. The domestic market has been experiencing a downturn since the second half of 1991; sales of steel tubes and pipe have fallen in both quantity and value stocks were reduced.
Вариант 4
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother ). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. I spent all my money on books last month. 2. We shall do all this work today: there is too much of it. 3. When I start doing this, somebody always stops me. 4. Don't leave these sweets on the table: somebody will eat them. 5. The bees attacked the bear when it tried to take their honey.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. They (wrote/were written) many articles for the magazine last year. 2. All the graduates (defend/ are defended) their candidate theses before the Examination Board. 3. Many compulsory subjects ( will be taken/will take) by the first-year students. 4. These data (are refered to/ refer to) often. 5.The water (has boiled/has been boiled) already.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. Progress is made every day in the world of science. 2. This problem is being given much attention to at present. 3. The new cosmic achievements are much spoken about. 3. The delegation of foreign students (to show) all the laboratories of our institute last week. 4. Many subjects (to study) in the first year. 5. I (to surprise) by his present for my last birthday.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Tubes and Pipe
There was regional variation in exports. Sales to the Peoples Republic of China maintained steady improvement from last year with the active promotion of energy development and the completion of inventory adjustments for oil country tubular goods. Exports to Russia increased dramatically with the successful conclusion of major trade negotiations concerning the promotion of gas fields that had continued since the breakup of the former USSR.
Export conditions for the non-socialist countries deteriorated considerably because of the yens rapid appreciation and the drop in oil prices. Sumitomo metals made a strong effort to obtain orders and adjust prices; even so, a major decline in sales of 17 % in this area was unavoidable. Despite this severe situation, the Company will maintain and enhance its position as a major supplier of tubes and pipe based on the medium-range outlook for demand. To accomplish this aim we plan to build a new 16” seamless pipe mill; construction is now underway with a completion target date of mid-1996.
Stainless Steel
A severe recession in fiscal 1993 saw a freeze on construction and investment in plant and equipment, and a reduction in personal consumption. As a result, domestic demand showed a slight drop of about 3 percent compared to the previous year. exports, however, were brisk to the Asian market, sustained by a steady demand from the Peoples Republic of china in particular; this trend remained firm even in the new year. Exports increased about 6 percent over the previous year. Prices are softening with greater competition from European and Korean mills. Not only have prices fallen in the Asian market, domestic prices continue to fall, inf luenced by the growing presence of low-priced, imported steel in the market.
Вариант 5
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. They developed a new method of teaching. 2. Everybody will see the new film soon. 3. The teacher corrects our exercises at home.4. The students are translating a text during the lesson. 5. The students have passed a difficult examine History.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. The Examination Board (has put/has been put) all the graduates good and excellent marks. 2. They (are discussing/are being discussed) the results of the new experiment at present. 3. We (shall mee/shall be met) by our friends at the station tonight. 4. Helens mother (taught/was taught) her daughter English and music in her childhood. 5. I (was invited/invited) to the conferernce last week.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. Care (to take) about the child soon. 2. He is very foolish and often (to laugh) at. 3. The ground (to cover) by in winter. 4. I (to teach)t music and singing at school 10 years ago. 5. It (to plan) to solve the worlds energy problem with the technological means at our disposal.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Stainless Steel
Given these severe conditions, Sumitomo Metals is making full use of the advantages gained from the merger with Nippon Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. in 1992, and is targeting the export market. This years results were at approximately the same level as last years.
Sumitomos NAR-FC-FC-4 is a highly pure ferritic stainless steel developed as a roofing material. This steel contains 22 % chrome and 2 % molybdenum and has outstandingcorrosion resistance, 1.5 times as great as SUS 304, previously used as a roofing material. NAR-FC-4, being highly resistant to salt corrosion, can be used even in such severely corrosive environments as coastal areas where SUS 304s corrosion resistance is insufficient. This ferritic steel is a suitable roofing material because it has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the austenitic SUS 304, so it can prevent leaks caused by thermal
expansion and contraction.
Titanium
Light, strong, and corrosion-resistant, titanium has become one of Sumitomos main products through the combined efforts of Sumitomo Metals Group companies. Titanium quickly became a material for equipment and facilities that exploited its outstanding characteristics in areas such as petrochemical plants, thermal and nuclear power stations, desalination plants, and aircraft applications.
Sumitomo Metals, together with related companies in the Sumitomo Metals Group, has integrated production systems for commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys. our range of products covers plates, coils, sheets, foil, seamless and welded tubular goods, low finned tubes, fittings, extrusions, bars, wire, rods, forgings, and so on.
Since 1985 the Company has been certified by aircraft engine and airframe manufacturers to supply titanium alloy products, including materials for the V2500 engine.
Вариант 6
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. The Normans brought the French language to England. 2. An automatic driver will conduct trains according to the schedule. 3. The students are translating a difficult text in English at present. 4. They will construct a variety of new modern buildings in our town next year. 5. Professor N. usually makes interesting reports in Physics.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. The author of the famous book (was forgotten/forgot) for some time but later he (was remembered/remembered). 2. Infra-red waves (are stopped/stop) by glass. 3. Everybody (laughed/was laughed) at the joke. 4. The scientists (are paying/are being paid) much attention to the problem of metal shortage at present. 5. 1. Hot dinners (are had/have) here.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. The delegation (to show) the new equipment of a modern metallurgical plant yesterday. 2. His hesitation (to put an end to) already. 3. I (to wait for) the whole evening.4. Fruitful research in quantum theory(to do) every year by University physicists.5. They (to meet) by their friends already.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Rolling
I. Since steel is needed in many different forms, it is necessary for molten steel to be cast first as an ingot, and then subjected to reshaping.
II. The most commonly used technique is to roll the steel, squeezing it between a pair of cylinders. Rolling is suitable for directly manufacturing products of unvarying and relatively simple cross-section, such as rods or bar, rails, plate and sheet. Rolled products may finally be of very great length, as for example wire rod and flat strip, which have to be wound up into coils as they emerge at very high speeds from the rolling mills.
III. The rolls are the most important items in rolling. Rolls may be plain, profiled, or a combination of both. Plain rolls are used for flat products, profiled rolls for section and bar products; some profiled rolls have a flat portion for slab rolling.
IV. To change the shape of a material as strong as steel the rolls must exert forces of the order of 2.000 tons or more in large mills, and also rotate in order to draw in the steel continually. To enable this the rolls set in housings of great strength are turned by driving motors of great power. This rolling unit is called a mill stand.
V. The simplest rolling mill stand consists of two horizontal rolls of equal size, set one above the other in an open housing. The rolls are driven in opposite directions, usually by individual electric motors, the steel is drawn between them by their rotating movement.
VI. The driving motor and control gear is known as the mill drive. Although a single drive may power a group of mill stands, the modern practice is to have one separately-controled drive for each stand, so that the speed of each can be controlled independently. The reason is that as the steel is squeezed to a smaller and smaller cross-section it emerges at a faster and faster speed from each succeeding stand and the stand speeds must be carefully matched.
Вариант 7
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. The North Sea and the English Channel separate Great Britain from the European continent. 2. The designer has been erecting this museum of history for 5 years. 3. They equipped the rocket with six engines having a total capacity of 20 million h.p. 4. Students will translate a very difficult text at the next lesson. 5. Before holidays Muscovites decorate the streets of the city with flags, flowers and decorations.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. These data (are often referred to/refer to). 2. This phenomenon (will be spoken about/will speak). 3. This method (was used/ used) often because it saved time.. 3. The research workers (brought/was brought) many new devices to their laboratory last month. 4. The students ( will show/will be shown) well-equipped lecture halls to their foreign students. 5. Workers (are building/are being built) a new office of a well-known company at present.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. She (to listen) to by everybody yesterday. 2. Papers after the conferences (to publish) often. 3. The results of his ten-year work (to refer to) by many scientists by last month. 4. His scientific work in the field of chemistry (to take notice of) next lecture. 5. His writings (to know) all over the world very often.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Rolling
I. In most mill stands the rolls are housed horizontally, but “vertical” stands are found in flat product finishing mills for controlling the width of the product. They are important also in modern “continuous” billet mills, where the workpiece can be rolled on all four sides without the need to turn it over between stands, by passing it through alternate horizontal and vertical pairs of rolls.
II. Mill stands and rolls for rolling different productc vary greatly in size. In those four rolling rod from which wire is drawn, for example. the rolls may be of only eight inches diameter. By way of contrast a plate mill is to have back-up-rolls - that is, additional rolls above and below the rather smaller work rolls, helping them to resist bending under the rolling load - each of which will be six feet in diameter.
Rolls
Rolls perform the main rolling operation - the reduction of metal and forming it into the desired shape. The rolls of a blooming mill consist of several parts: 1) a barrel on which rolls revolve in the bearings; 2) a star-shaped wobbler by means of which rolls are driven. In rolling rolls must withstand high strength. They are made of forged or cast carbon steel with a high ductility. The barrel of the roll may be a simple cylinder for flat rolling or may be grooved if the piece is to be rolled into a definite shape. Plates and sheets are rolled in plain-barreled rolls with a cylindrical working surface. Here the thickness of the metal being rolled is reduced in each pass by decreasing the distance between the rolls. Rolling between plain rolls is characterized by uniform reduction across the width and is accomplished by free speed.
Вариант 8
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. Julius Caesar called England Albion because of the white cliffs on the English coast. 2. They will produce different agricultural products on their farm. 3. The plants research laboratory is developing new alloys for an important experiment. 4. Green Grass and beautiful flowers cover the ground in spring in our place. 5. Students of our group often visit History and Art Museums in our town.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. They (showed/were shown) many places of interest in Moscow during their last visit. 2. One (will build/will be built) a new metro station next year. 3. Tourists (are admiring/are being admired) Moscow University on the Lenin Hills now.4. The laboratory assistants (were asked/asked) for a new experiment to equip. 5.Newton (founded/was founded) higher mathematics by working out the calculus.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. The man was run over by a motor-car. 2. Your clothes will be looked after. Enough has been said at the meeting about the equipment of the chemical laboratory. 3. She (to hand) an important message by Oleg next week. 4. Professor N (to send) for by a first year student already. 5. We (to ask) many questions by the teacher now.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Hot Rolling
I. The chief departments of a steel plant, operating on a complete ore-to-finished cycle are the blast furnace, steel-making and rolling departments.
II. Almost all the steel that is produced in the steel-making department passes through the rolling department, only a small portion is used for making castings and forgings. The rolling process in which the finished product is produced is the concluding stage of a metallurgical production.
III. Rolling serves the following three purposes:
1) the reduction of cross section;
2) the refinement of grain structure;
3) the forming of metal into the desired shape.
The refinement of grain structure is important because it makes the steel ductile and gives it greater shock resistance. So the more steel is rolled, the stronger and more ductile it becomes.
IV. Hot rolling is the process of plastic deformation of metal in which the heated metal passes between two rolls rotating in opposite directions but at the same peripheral speed. The rolls grip the piece of metal and pull it between themselves reducing it in thickness and increasing in length proportionally to the reduction. The rolls are spaced so that the distance between them is less than the height of the section entering them.
V. The initial materials for hot rolling of metals are ingots and billets of various cross-sections and weights. Rolling changes the shape and sizes of the billets but the volume of the metal shaped remains constant throughout the process where simple shapes are to be made in large uantities, rolling is the most economical process and is used for the production of rails, sheets and so on.
Вариант 9
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге.
1. A loud noise frightened us. 2. I have taken my little brother to the skating-drink with me. 3. You visit this museum every day. 4. Researchers make various experiments in their modern, well-equipped laboratory.5. The students have passed just a difficult exam in History.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. The graduates (were defending/were being defended) their theses for 5 hours yesterday. 2. Our students (will have learnt/will have been learnt) 30 English words by heart by Monday. 3. English (will teach/will be taught) next year. 4. I (am invited/invite) for my friends’ birthday parties. 5. My younger brother and I seldom (met/were met) them in the yard.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. You are usually (to see) at the bus stop in the morning by your fellow – students. 2. She (to recognize) by him at first sight. 3. Professor N (to speak) about by his students often. 4. A new metro station (to build) in Novosibirsk in 5 years. 5. A new film (to show) us yesterday.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Hot Rolling
I. The rolling process in a modern steel plant comprises two stages: 1) rolling ingots into semifinished products and 2) rolling the semifinished products into the finished ones. Ingots are usually of a square cross-section with rounded corners, and are first rolled into blooms or billets. These blooms or billets are simply square or rectangular bars of steel which are to be reheated and rolled into the final shapes. A bloom differs from a billet only in size. It is larger and is sometimes reheated and rolled into billets. Slabs are merely thick plates to be reheated and rolled into thinner plates. Blooms, slabs and billets are called the semifinished products as they are subjected to some additional finishing operations. The term “finished” product is usually applied to rails, plates, rounds and different shapes.
II. In accordance with their form, all finished products can be divided into four main groups:
1) special shapes or sections;
2) plate and sheet steel;
3) tubes;
4) special types of rolled products.
Steel sections are widely used in many branches of the industry for the manufacture of machines, steel structures and so on. Plate and sheet steela are classified according to their thickness. All products over 4 mm thick are called plate steel, comparatively wide products less than 4 mm in thickness are called sheet steel. Special types of rolled products include shapes for automobile and tractor industries, railway industry, for building construction.
III. The main requirements in rolling the finished products are: 1) to obtain a finished product of high quality not only in physical and mechanical properties, but to obtain a good surface as well; 2) to obtain a finished product of the desired size and shape at the highest rate of production and the lowest cost.
Вариант 10
1. Поставьте предложения в страдательный залог (Образец: Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening (by mother). Переведите исходное предложение и предложение в страдательном залоге
1) Don’t be afraid, he will look after your clothes. 2) Bright leaves cover the ground in autumn.
3) I have sent a telegram to my mother lately.4) Students showed the guests all the laboratories of our Institute.5) They have been translating a long text for an hour.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1) The English Channel (separates/is separated) England from Europe.2) They (invited/were invited) their friends last weekend.3) Tourists from abroad (have visited/have been visited) St. Petersburg lately.4) We (were watching/were being watched) an interesting film all the evening yesterday. 5. He (was forgiven/forgave) by her.
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice. Переведите предложения.
1. They (to give) an interesting book by professor N tomorrow. 2. The text (to translate) the by students now. 3. A new job (to offer) him lately. 4. I (to thank) for help always. 5. A new project (to develop) by our group now.
4. Переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите предложения в страдательном залоге, подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время сказуемого, пользуясь таблицей «Времена в страдательном залоге»
Types of Mill Stand
I. Mill stands have varying roll arrangements and are classified according to type as follows:
four-high, three high, two-high roll mill arrangements, planetary mill roll arrangement, cluster mill roll arrangement.
II. Two-high stands. Mill stands having only two rolls are termed “ two-high”. The stands of primary mills which roll ingots, of reverse rolling mills production sections, and temper mills which make only very light reductions on thin flat products are commonly of this type.
III. Three-high stands. Mill stands with three rolls have a rolling gap between the top and middle roll, and another between the middle and bottom roll. Although the work piece travels through in one direction and back in another, the three-high design avoids the need for a reversing drive. Instead, the rolls run usually at constant speed in the upper and lower gaps. The piece is therefore lifted and lowered to enter each gap in turn, either by mechanical means or, in small mills, by hand. Smaller primary and section mills, and some billet mills, may be three-high.
IV. Four-high stands. Four-high is the term applied to stands employing two working rolls between larger back-up rolls. The back-up rolls minimize bending of the working rolls, and four-high stands, reversing or non-reversing, usually undertake the major final shaping of flat products, particularly in the rolling of sheet, plate, and strip.
V. Planetary stands. A “planetary” mill stand has many small work rolls surrounding each of a pair of large back-up rolls. The design is used for rolling flat products, and for this purpose it has the advantage of achieving large reductions in a “once-through” pass, although the overall rate of production is not usually high.
VI. Cluster stands. A “cluster” mill stand has work rolls of very small diameter, supported by multiple back-up rolls to provide necessary stiffening against bending.