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LESSON33
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
1 Pay attention to the following words. Pick out sentences with these words from the text and translate them into Russian
the Supreme Soviet – Верховный совет
Declaration «On State sovereignty of the BSSR» - Декларация «О государ-
ственном суверенитете БССР»
the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) – Союз Независимых
Государств (СНГ)
2 Read the following words and word combinations and try to guess their meaning
declaration, presidential republic, guarantee, march, demonstration, picket, type, gymnasium, lyceum
3 Read out the following words and memorize their meaning
submit (v) [səb ́mit] подчинятся
adopt (v) [ə ́dopt] принимать
statehood (n) [ ́steithud] государственность
ratify (v) [ ́rætifai] подписывать
denounce (v) [di ́nauns] расторгать, денонсировать
pronounce (v) [prc ́nauns] провозглашать
substitute (v) [ ́sΛbstitju:t] заменять, замещать
humiliation (n) [hju ́miliei∫n] унижение
conviction (n) [kən ́vik∫n] убеждение
renounce (n) [ri ́nauns] отказ
rally (n) [ræli] митинг
disturb (v) [dis ́tε:b] нарушать
accessible (adj) [ək ́sesəbl] доступный
capability (n) [ ́keipə ́biliti] способность
4 Read out these phrases several times till you remember their meaning
must be obliged -обязаны
must not be subjected -не должен подвергаться
in respected of - в отношении
on the basic of a contest - на конкурсной основе
an educational establishment - учебное заведение
to cultivate pupils’ - прививать учащимся интерес
interests in knowledge к знаниям
may found unions -могут учреждать союзы of public associations общественных объединений
5 Read the text and get ready to speak about Constitution of Republic of Belarus
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Every country has its own Constitution. It’s the main document of any country. When Belarus was a member of the former Soviet Union it submitted to the Constitution of the USSR. A new stage in the history of Belarusian statehood began on July 27, 1990 when the BSSR Supreme Soviet adopted the Declaration «On the State Sovereignty of the BSSR». On August 25, 1991 the BSSR Supreme Soviet declared the political and economic independence of Belarus. On December 11, 1991the Supreme Soviet ratified the Agreement on the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed on December 8, 1991 by the leaders of Belarus, Russia and the Ukraine in Viskuli in Belavezhskaya Pushcha. USSR. The legal act that pronounced Belarus a new democratic state in Eastern Europe was the new Constitution of the Republic of Belarus adopted by the Supreme Soviet on March 15, 1994.
According to the new Constitution, Belarus is a presidential republic. The head of the state and of the executive power is President who is elected for a five year term. The new Constitution consists of a preamble and 8 chapters:
Now we are going study some of the articles which deal with youth policy.
In conformity, with Article 32 of the Constitution parents or persons who substitute them have the right and must be obliged to bring up their, children and take care of their health, development and education. The child must not be, subjected to cruel treatment in humiliation or involved in work that may cause harm to his physical, mental or moral development'.
Part four of Article 32 of the Constitution says that children may be separated from their family against the will of the parents or other persons who substitute them only on the basis of the court’s decision if the parents or other persons who substitute them do not fulfill their duties. In conformity with Article 33 of the Constitution each person' is guaranteed freedom of opinion, convictions and their free expression. No one may be forced to express his convictions or renounce them.
Freedom of peaceful meetings, rallies, marches, demonstrations and picketing that do not disturb order and the rights of other citizens of the Republic of Belarus is guaranteed by the State (Article 35).
Every person has the right for freedom of association (Article 36). Public associations are to be organized on the initiative of not less than ten citizens of the Republic of Belarus who have attained to the age of 18. Youth and children's public associations may be organized by citizens of the Republic who have attained to the age of 16. Public associations may found unions of public associations.
The right to education is guaranteed by the Constitution (Article 49) which says that «each person has the right to education. Accessible and free secondary and vocational education is guaranteed. Secondary and higher education is accessible for all people depending on the capabilities of every person. Each person has the right to obtain education in state educational institutions on the basis of contest and free of charge».
General secondary education consists of three steps: elementary education (4 years), basic education (9 years) and secondary education (12 years). New types of educational establishments have appeared, i.e. gymnasiums and lyceums which cultivate pupils' interests in knowledge and they involve them in scientific activities. Every year more than 95 % of graduates of these educational establishments enter higher educational institutions.