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Computers
The computer is no doubt the most amazing achievement of mankind. It is data storage system created by man. A human tells the machine what to do, when to do it and how it should be done. The word computer comes from a Latin word which means to count. Nearly 150 years ago there were no such things as computers.
In 1833 an English inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage, professor of his machine had been composed by Lord Byron’s daughter. The first programmed computer which operated successfully was built in 1939 by H. Aiken. professor of Harward University. In our country the first electronic digital computer was constructed by the Ukrainian Academician S. Lebedev in 1950.
During the 1950’s and 1960’s computers improved enormously, still only big businesses, universities and the military had them. Then in 1972, the video-game craze began. Computers were scaled down to small boxes. They could do more than analyze data. They could play games. The first big hit was a simple game called Pong.
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, the young video game fanatics, who worked for the computer company, dreamed of a personal computer, one that could do more than play games. From this dream, the Apple Computer Company started in 1976. The age of home computers was born. In 1977 Jobs and Wozniak sold their first Apple II, which launched the personal computer industry. The Apple II was more than a toy People could use it to write letters, keep financial records and teach their children. And, yes, they could play games on it. These computers popularized the use of the mouse, the hand controlled device that moves the cursor on a computer display.
The modern computer can do many kinds of jobs. These include tasks in the commercial, scientific, industrial, communication, statistical, logical and translation areas. The computer is faster and more accurate than people, but unlike most people it must be given a complete set of instructions that tells it exactly what to do at each step of its operation. This set of instructions, called a programme, is prepared by one or more persons for each job a computer is to do. These programmes are placed in the computer’s memory unit.
The computer programmer provides a programme of instructions and data which specifies every detail of what to do, how to do, and when to do it. The computer is simply a high – speed machine which can manipulate data, solve problems and make decisions, all under the control of the programmer. If the programmer makes a mistake in the programme or puts in the wrong data, the computer will produce wrong results.
There are arguments about the popularity of computers. Some experts are alarmed. In their opinion, computers block the imagination of young people. They say that electronic games aren’t creative, that children use only their fingers and not the rest oh their bodies or their imaginations.
The Internet, a global computer network, which embraces millions of users all over the word, began in the USA in 1966 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages.