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The Russian Federation
Warm-up
Answer the following questions:
II. Read the text and translate the italicized word combinations.
RUSSIA
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. The vast territory of Russia lies in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia.
Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans. The oceans are: the Arctic, the Atlantic, and the Pacific. The seas are the White Sea, the Barents Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea and others.
Russia borders on many countries, such as Mongolia and China in the south-east, Finland and Norway in the north-west and soon.
The land of Russia varies very much from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. The main mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes on its territory. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia. The largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. The Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and its water is the purest on the earth.
The Russian Federation is rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, gas, coal, iron, gold and many others. Three quarters (3/4) of the country's minerals and fuels, including oil, natural gas, coal, diamonds and gold are concentrated in Siberia and the Far East. There are also iron ores near Kursk and in the Urals, where half of the world’s variety of minerals can be found.
The European part of the country is densely populated, and the most part of the population lives in cities and towns and their suburbs. The Russia's territory covers 17,075 million square kilometers. The population of Russia is 146.5 million, of which 83 per cent are Russians. There are 1,030 towns and cities in the country. There are many villages in Russia famous for their specific crafts: painted boxes in Palekh, wooden tableware in Khokhloma, and toys in Dymkovo. Log houses usually decorated with wood carving are typical for Russian villages. Not long ago people in Russian villages performed traditional khorovods (a kind of round dance) and chastushki (folk chanted rhymes) and rode in troikas (carriages drawn by teams of three horses abreast). Now young people prefer modern dances, motorcycles and cars.
Traditional Russian cooking includes porridge, pancakes, various aspics, cabbage, chicken and fish soup, pies (turnovers), and kvass (a beverage made from fermented rye bread). Siberian cuisine has such dishes as stroganina (frozen fish) and pelmeni (meat-filled dumplings).
On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. But the temperate zone with four seasons prevails. Winters are cold, windy and snowy, and summers are hot and dry. Autumn brings rains and fogs. The coldest point of the northern hemisphere, where temperatures are minus 70" C, is located in Siberia.
There are 150 volcanoes in the Kamchatka Peninsula, 30 of which are active.
The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about 10 million people.
Russia is a presidential republic. It is one of the leading powers in the world.
Head of Slate in Russia is the President. The government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls each of them.
The legislative power is exercised by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma. Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. A bill may be introduced to any chamber. A bill becomes a law if it is approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill. He can make international treaties. The President may also appoint ministers; the Federal Assembly approves them. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by popular vote for five years.
The executive power belongs to the Government, or the Cabinet of Ministers. The government is headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of courts. It consists of the Supreme Court and other courts.
The national symbol of Russia is a white-blue-and-red banner. The national anthem of Russia is composed by Alexandrov. The coat-of-arms is a double-headed eagle.
II. Language work
1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words and phrases.
Europe, Asia, world, the Arctic, the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Barents Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Baltic Sea, Mongolia, China, Finland, Norway, to vary, desert, valley, the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai, the Baikal, pure, the earth, the Russian Federation, natural and mineral resources, deposits, Siberia, iron ores, variety, the European part, kilometer, per cent, various, Siberian cuisine, temperatures, Peninsula, legislative, executive, judicial, the Federal Assembly, anthem.
6. Answer the questions.
1. Where is the Russian Federation situated?
2. What is the total area of the country?
3. What countries does Russia border on?
4. What mountain chain separates Europe from Asia?
5. How many rivers are there in Russia?
6. Which is the longer river in Europe?
7. What do you know about Lake Baikal?
8. What mineral resources is the Russian Federation rich in?
9. What is the climate like in Russia?
10. What political system does the Russian Federation represent according to the Constitution?
11. Who is the head of state in the Russian Federation?
12. Which institutions exercise the legislative, executive, judicial power?
13. What is each branch of power responsible for?
7. Complete the sentences and use them as a plan for your future talk on the Russian Federation.
1. The Russian Federation is ………………………………………… in the world.
2. It covers ………………………………………………..
3. The country is washed by …………………………
4. In the south Russia borders on ………………….
5. In the west it borders on …………………………..
6. There's hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have ………………………………………………...
7. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: ………….
8. There are over two million rivers in Russia: ……………………………...
9. Russia is rich in beautiful lakes…………………..
10. On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate………….
11. Russia is very rich in …………………………………..and other mineral resources.
12. The population of Russia is …………………………………….
13. Russia is famous for its specific crafts:………………………….
14. Traditional Russian cooking includes ……………………………….
15. Russia is a ………………………….. republic.
16. The Head of State is ……………………………………………………...
17. The legislative powers are exercised by……………………………….It is made up of………………………….
18. ……………………represents the executive branch of power.
19. The Supreme Court represents ……………………………… branch of power.
20. The ……………………. has the right to declare actions of the President, The Federal Assembly and the Federal Government………………………….
21. The national symbols of Russia are…………………………………
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