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The geographical location of Great Britain
Situated in north-western Europe, lying to the north of France and west of the Netherlands1 and Denmark2, the United Kingdom, known popularly as Great Britain, is 244,786 sq. km (97,512 sq. miles).
It is situated on the British Isles. There are 5,500 islands. The two main islands are Great Britain and Ireland.
The British Isles are separated from Europe by the Strait of Dover3 and the English Channel. The British Isles are washed by the North Sea in the East and the Atlantic Ocean in the West.
The territory of Great Britain is divided into Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises4 Southern and Eastern England. Highland Britain includes Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. England is in the southern and central part of Great Britain. Scotland is in the north of the island. Wales is in the west. Northern Ireland is situated in the north-eastern part of Ireland.
England is the richest, the most fertile5 and most populated part in the country. The main territory is a vast plain. In the north-western part of it there are many beautiful lakes. This part is called Lake District, which is an isolated compact mountain group to the west of the Pennines.
Scotland is a land of mountains. The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. The chain of mountains in Scotland is called the Grampians6. Its highest peak is Ben Nevis. In England there is the Pennine7 Chain. In Wales there are the Cumbrian Mountains.
The British Island has many rivers but they are not very long. The longest of them is the Severn8. It flows into the Irish Sea. The most important river in Scotland is the Clyde. Glasgow stands on it. The Thames is the widest river in Great Britain. It is over 200 miles long. It flows through the rich agricultural and industrial areas of the country. London, the capital of Great Britain, is situated on it.
The population of Great Britain is over 56 million. Of every ten people in the United Kingdom, almost eight live in towns, four of them in one of the eight major urban groups.
The Greater London – the largest centre of industry, the most important centre of office employment and the capital city – is the largest of all cities in Great Britain. Other largest cities of the country are: Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh.
The flora of the British Isles is much varied and the fauna is similar to that of the north-west of Europe.
England, once “the workshop of the world”9, was the first to become a highly developed industrial country. The following branches are developed in Britain’s economy: shipbuilding, textile industry, engineering and metal, woolen and cotton manufacturing, coal-mining and light industry.
The country is not very rich in natural resources. With the exception of iron ore, all metallic ores have to be imported.
The small proportion of the total population is engaged in agriculture. The main contributions to British agriculture are from crops (24%), livestock10 (38%) and horticultural products11 (11%).
The geographical position of Great Britain is rather good as the country lies on the crossways of the sea routes from Europe to other parts of the world.