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Заняття №10
Різноманіття продуктів харчування (продукти рослинного походження). Прикметник
Vocabulary
Fruits:
Vegetables:
Berry:
Drinks:
Exercise 1: Read and translate text:
I prefer to have meals at home. At the weekend I like to get up late and have a good breakfast of omelette, pancakes, or cereal or noodles or something like that. I like fruits for breakfast very much. I prefer apples, pears, grapes, banana and grapefruit, although it is very sour. I have a cup of strong tea or black coffee and a couple of sandwiches. I like sandwiches with a lot of vegetables: tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbages or even onion.
As I spend a lot of time at college (usually eight or nine hours) it's necessary to have a snack at midday. That's why I have to go to the canteen to have lunch. There are a lot of dishes in our canteen. It has become a tradition with our canteen to have mashed potatoes every day with a glass of juice and a lot of fruits.
But I enjoy my evening meal at home as I said.
To begin with, I like salads – tomato and cucumber salad or mixed salad where there are a lot of potatoes, radish, tomatoes and egg-plants. For the first course in our canteen we have soup. For the main course we have meat, or fish dishes. We also have a lot of vegetables — green peas, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers.
For dessert we have some fruit, fruit juice or just a cup of tea with a slice of cake.
On Sundays I like to go to McDonald's with my friends. I like everything there: cheeseburgers, hamburgers and Big Macs, apple pies and fruit cocktails. But unfortunately we can't go there very often, because it's not healthy to eat such food.
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences:
Exercise 3: Answer the questions:
Exercise 4: Read some facts about different fruits and vegetables:
Exercise 5: Questions to the text «Food Around The World»
Grammatical Topic
THE ADJECTIVE (Прикметник)
а) усі односкладові прикметники:
short – shorter –the shortest
б) двоскладові прикметники, що закінчуються на –y, er, le, ow:
heavy – heavier – the heaviest
clever – cleverer – the cleverest
simple – simpler – the simplest
в) двоскладові прикметники з наголосом на другий склад:
polite – politer – the politest
Якщо прикметник закінчується на німе –е, то пере закінченням –er та est воно випадає: large –larger – the largest
Якщо односкладовий прикметник закінчується однією приголосною з попереднім голосним, то така кінцева приголосна перед закінченням –er та est подвоюється: hot – hotter – the hottest, big – bigger – the biggest
Якщо прикметник закінчується буквою –y з попередньою приголосною, то перед закінченням –er та est –y змінюється на –i: dry – drier – the driest
Exercise 1: Make the right degrees of comparison (Утворіть правильний ступінь порівняння прикметників):
Exercise 2: Open the brackets: (Розкрийте дужки):
Заняття №11
Різноманіття продуктів харчування (продукти тваринного походження). Прикметник
Vocabulary
Meat
Exercise 1: Read and translate the dialogue:
At dinner
Mother: The dinner is ready. Come along, both of you, and let us begin. It’s high time to have dinner.
Father: I’m ready too. I feel very hungry.
Alex: So am I. I could eat a horse.
Mother: Well, we haven’t got a horse for you, but what we have got is very nice. Tour favourite dishes will be here right now.
Alex: What are they? I’ve got so many.
Mother: For the first course we have chicken soup and mixed salad, for the second– mashed potato with vegetables, chain sausages and stuffed fish.
Alex: And for dessert?
Mother: I have fruits, apple pie and a cake.
Alex: Oh, it’s wonderful! It’s a pity that you don’t cook all these dishes so often! May I go and get them now?
Father: Don’t be so impatient. Wait till we finish the second course. Where is the salt, please?
Mother: Alex, pass the salt to father, please.
Alex: Here you are, Dad.
Father: Thank you, son.
Mother: Alex? Why don’t you eat salad?
Alex: You know, that I don’t like cucumbers, they are everywhere in this salad.
Mother: Here is your soup.
Alex: Thank you, mother. May I trouble you with the piece of bread?
Mother: Brown or white?
Alex: Brown, please. The soup is delicious today!
Father: Where are the napkins?
Mother: They are in the drawer. I always forget to put them out.
Father: Never mind. Alex will catch them.
Alex: Here are the napkins, Dad. Mum, now may I have fruit with a pie and a cake?
Mother: Take it from the fridge.
Alex: Oh, apricots and banana!!! It’s great!
Father: Thank you, dear for the most delicious dinner.
Mother: Now , Alex, I want you to help me to clear the table. Take all these plates, spoons and knives to the kitchen.
Exercise 2: Match appropriate words:
Verbs Food
Exercise 3: Fill in the words from the box and read the recipe.
put (x3) cut eat slice(x2)
Tomato and Cheese Sandwich
… to open the bread roll,
… the tomatoes.
… the cheese.
… tomato slices on the bread.
… some cheese on top.
… the top of the bread roll on top.
Now … your sandwich. It’s delicious!
Grammatical Topic
THE ADJECTIVE (Прикметник)
|
Особливі випадки утворення ступенів порівняння прикметників |
||
|
Основна форма |
Вищий ступінь |
Найвищий ступінь |
|
Bad good far (далекий) old little |
worse better farther older elder less |
the worst the best the farthest the oldest the eldest the least |
Форми elder та eldest вживаються, коли йдеться про членів сім’ї ( my elder brother – мій старший брат), але якщо при порівнянні є слово than – ніж, то вживається форма older, а не elder (he is three years older then his sister).
Exercise 1: Make the right degrees of comparison:
Tall, high, dry, clean, good, pretty, long, short, hot, polite, young, old, little, big, small, bad, interesting, huge, wide, far, strong, difficult, attentive, helpful, cheap.
Exercise 2: Translate into English:
(ст.. 28 Барановська)
Заняття №12
Прийоми їжі. Прикметник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate text:
There are four meals a day in English: breakfast, lunch, tea, and dinner.
Breakfast is the first meal of the day. It is at about 8 o'clock in the morning, and consists of porridge with milk and salt or sugar, eggs – boiled or fried, bread and butter with marmalade or jam. You can eat also a cornflakes and toasts. Some people like to drink tea, but others prefer coffee. Instead of porridge they may have fruit juice, or they may prefer biscuits. For a change you may have a fish.
The usual time for lunch is 1 o'clock. A businessman in London usually finds it impossible to come home for lunch, and so he gets to a café or restaurant. This meal starts with soup or fruit juice. Then follows some meat or poultry with potatoes – boiled or fried, carrots and beans. Then a pudding comes. Instead of the pudding they may prefer cheese and biscuits. Last of all coffee – black or white. Englishmen often drink something at lunch. Water is usually on the table. Some prefer juice or lemonade. Sometimes we can have steak and chips with a glass of light beer with lunch.
Tea is the third meal of the day. They call them «afternoon tea». It is between 4 or 5 o'clock, the so-called 5 o'clock tea. Afternoon tea you can hardly call a meal, but it is a sociable sort of thing, as friends often come for a chat while they have their cup of tea, cake or biscuit. On the table there is tea, milk or cream, sugar, bread and butter, cakes and jam.
Dinner is the fourth meal of the day. In some houses dinner is the biggest meal of the day. The usual time is about 7 o'clock, and all the members of the family sit down together. Dinner usually consists of soup, fish or meat with vegetables – potatoes, green beans, carrot and cabbage, sweet pudding, fruit salad, ice-cream or cheese and biscuits. Then after a talk they have black or white coffee.
But the greater part of the people in the towns, and nearly all country-people, have dinner in the middle of the day instead of lunch. They have tea a little later – between 5 and 6 o'clock, and then in the evening, before going to bed, they have supper.
So the four meals of the day are either breakfast, dinner, tea, supper; or breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner.
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences:
Exercise 3: Answer the questions:
Exercise 4: Make the right degrees of comparison:
Old, little, careful, happy, beautiful, pretty, bad, good, far, big, short, difficult, wide, long, comfortable, cosy, strong, weak.
Exercise 5: Translate into English:
старший друг найдовший шлях сильніший спортсмен
гарніше плаття складніший приклад найзручніша кімната
найгарніша дівчина цікавіша книжка кращий день
найменша проблема найнебезпечніша дорога гірший фільм
Він хороший учень
Студенти виконати складнішу вправу.
Я купив гарну книжку. Я купив кращу книжку. Я купив найкращу книжку.
Моя кімната найбільша в квартирі.
Наша кухня найзручніша в світі.
Це найсмачніша страва.
Заняття №13
Рецептура страв та їх приготування. Прислівник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate text:
The pizza
Main Ingredients: Red pepper: 1 large, sliced
Chicken: 2 boneless cooked chicken,
Onion: 1 large
Vegetable oil: 1 tbsp
Mushroom: 1 cup, sliced
Sauce: 1/2 cup
Cheddar cheese: 150 grams
Mozzarella cheese: 150 grams
Tomato Sauce: 1 cup to cover the pizza dough
Salt and pepper
Directions:
1.Preheat oven to 400 degrees.
2. Slice the yellow onion. Oil the oven board.
2. Sieve the floor and add to it the yeast with sugar and knead the dough. After 20 minutes roll out dough on a lightly floured surface. Transfer it to the oven and bake until puffed and beginning to color 5-10 minutes.
3. Mix cooked chicken cubes with sauce until evenly coated.
3. Spread the pizza sauce over the pizza dough and top with mushrooms, peppers, onions and chicken. You may add also sausages, ham, cucumber, tomato or olives .
4. Sprinkle mozzarella cheese, cheddar cheese, salt and pepper and bake for 15-20 minutes or until crust is golden and cheese has melted.
New York cheesecake
250g plain sweet biscuits
125g unsalted butter, melted
750g cheese, at room temperature
215g (1 cup) sugar
1/2 tsp vanilla extract
2 tsp lemon
2 cup plain flour
4 eggs
300ml sour cream
120g fresh or frozen raspberries
Step 1 Preheat oven to 160°C.
Step 2 Place the biscuits in the bowl of a food processor and process until finely crushed. Add the butter until well combined. Transfer to the lined pan. Use a straight-sided glass to spread and press the biscuit mixture over the pan, leaving 1cm at the top of the pan. Cover with plastic and place in the fridge for 30 minutes to chill.
Step 3 Meanwhile, use an electric beater to beat the cream cheese, sugar, vanilla and lemon in a large bowl until just combined. Beat the flour. Add the eggs, 1 at a time, beating well. Stir in the sour cream until just combined.
Step 4 Pour the cream cheese mixture into the base. Place the pan on a baking tray and bake for 1/2 hours or until just set in the centre. Turn oven off. Leave the cheesecake in oven for 2 hours or until cooled completely (this will prevent cheesecake from cracking). Place in the fridge for 4 hours to chill.
Step 5 Top the cheesecake with the raspberries.
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences:
Exercise 3: Match the methods of cooking with the definitions:
1. baking a) cooking in steam; used for puddings, fish, etc.;
2. boiling b) the term in meat cookery by which the meat is first browned, then has a small quantity of water added;
3. braising c) cooking meat or fruit in a small amount of water and its own juice;
4. frying d) cooking foods in enough water to cover them, at a temperature lower than 100 C;
5. roasting e) cooking in fat; used for chips, doughnuts, etc.;
6. simmering f) the food is placed in the oven; used for preparing cakes,breads;
7. steaming g) is done by placing the food in the oven or over coals and cooking until it is tender; used for cooking meats;
8. stewing h) cooking foods in enough water to cover them, at 100 C.
Grammatical Topic
THE ADVERB (Прислівник)
quick швидкий – quickly швидко
careful обережний – carefully обережно
year рік – yearly щороку
happy щасливий – happily щасливо
day день – daily щодня
They get up early – Вони встають рано
They like early vegetables – Вони люблять ранні овочі
Exercise 1: Make the adverbs from the given words:
careful, fast, calm, late, slow, quick, careless, beautiful, wonderful, bad, rapid, day, happy,cool,health.
Exercise 2: Transform the following sentences using adverbs instead of the given adjectives (Перетворіть подані речення на конструкції з прислівником, замість поданих прикметників):
Model: His answer is good – He answers well.
John is a slow eater – John eats slowly.
3.She is a careless cooker. 4. His arrival (приїзд) was unexpected (не очікуваний). 5. My friend is an excellent dancer. 6. His death was sudden (раптова). 7. Her speech at the meeting is wonderful.
Заняття №14
Правила етикету за столом. Прислівник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate text:
Basic Table Manners
Things you should do:
Things you shouldn’t do:
TABLE MANNERS POST-TEST
Mark statements T (for true), F (for false)
A man should tuck his napkin into his belt.
It is all right to cut all your meat at one time.
It is acceptable to put elbows on the table.
It is all right to eat with one hand and drink with the other.
It is impolite to share a dessert with your friend at a restaurant
It is all right to sneeze into your napkin.
You should not blow your nose into your napkin.
It is impolite to stir hot soup.
You should not comb your hair at the table.
It is impolite to wipe your lips with a napkin.
Grammatical Topic
THE ADVERB (Прислівник)
well – better – best
badly – worse – worst
Exercise 1: Write down the correct form of the word in brackets (adjective or adverb).
Exercise 2: Find the adjective in the first sentence and fill the gap with the adverb:
Questions to the text «Food, Glorious Food»:
to be satisfied – бути задоволеним
sensitive – чутливий
a wide variety of – широке розмаїття чогось
instead of – замість
to eat in a hurry – їсти поспішаючи
to send a message to your brain – відправити повідомлення, сигнал до мозку
to absorb – поглинати
unfortunately – нажаль
to increase – збільшити
to contain – містити
Заняття№15
Здорове харчування. Займенник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:
Healthy food helps people to develop, to be slim, in a good fit and mood. It prevents us from illnesses, it gives us energy and it is the source of power. What people eat is very important. To be healthy is not so hard, the first thing you can do – you can start from food.
You should eat fish and other sea products. So in the morning it is good to have some cheese with kefir, then tea with two sandwiches. At dinner vegetable soup, a salad and fried fish are very perfect decision. For supper you can eat a salad and fruit.
For somebody food is a source of pleasure, for others - a source of energy. Healthy food should be quite simple. We should know that we do need fat to live, it's an essential part of our diet and physically we couldn't exist without it.
So people should eat all kinds of milk products, especially kefir, cheese. Cereals are also an essential part of healthy lifestyle. Also it is important to consume different kinds of salads, dressed with olive oil or sour cream and all kinds of potato dishes. Eat less salt, sugar and fat, which can be in meat, dairy products; crisps, cakes, biscuits and chocolate. But bitter chocolate or home-made jams can be also useful for everyone. To be healthy means also to drink a lot. People should drink natural juices or mineral water, it is very necessary for your skin and organism. To have good red dry wine is also a good procedure to be healthy. Many doctors say that red wine in reasonable quantities is very good for health. Eat regularly — your body needs a steady flow of energy. Don’t forget about vitamins and minerals in your food.
The food we eat depends on lots of things. Taste is a big factor. Culture, religion and health also play a part in what food we eat. Advertising and social factors also have a big influence.
Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating:
First, we should eat less fat. Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt.
Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables and drink a lot. Be healthy!
Exercise 2: Answer the questions:
Exercise 3: Fill in:
Healthy Food
It’s very important to choose the right food nowadays. Healthy and balanced diet is … for every person. When the body is healthy, the mind will also be healthy. Different types of food … of different nutrients for our body. Some of them have carbohydrates, some proteins or fats, some vitamins and … .
Many people think that fat is bad for people and they try to cut … it. There is even a special line of products, called low-fat. The problem is that we do need some kinds of fat, but such fats from animal products, like red meat, … and cheese, can be really bad for health. Friendly fats can be found in avocados, nuts, olives and fish, and in some other … . Some people cut down on too much sugar and salt, which is also a good idea. One of the healthiest types of food is … and vegetables. More and more people tend to grow fruit and vegetables in their own gardens, instead of buying them. Another problem is modified food. It’s much … than ordinary food, which is why people often buy it, but such food can cause dangerous diseases. The food depends on people’s culture, religion, beliefs, health and other factors such as: less fat, sugar and … ; and more water, vitamins, fresh fruit and vegetables.
Exercise 4: Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below:
bill fast food cookery books eat out ingredients tip
dish menu take-away waiter snack recipe
I’m a terrible cook. I’ve tried hard but it’s no use. I’ve got lots of (a)____, I choose a (b) ____ I want to cook, I read the (c) ____, I prepare all the necessary (d) ____ and follow the instructions. But the result is terrible, and I just have a sandwich or some other quick (e) ____. So I often (f) ____. I don’t like grand restaurants. It’s not the expense, it’s just that I don’t feel at ease in them. First the (g) ____ gives me a (h) ____ which I can’t understand because it’s complicated and has lots of foreign words. At the end of the meal when I pay the (i) ____ I never know how much to leave as a (j) ____. I prefer (k) ____ places, like hamburger shops where you pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway. And I like (l) ____ places,
where you buy a meal in a special container and take it home.
Exercise 5: Not everyone is happy with their experience when eating out. Look at the list of complaints below and decide which category you would put each one in then fill in the table below:
the carrots were raw a fly in the soup burned meat
thin wine salt cellar was empty loud music
it was too slow he was rude the lights were too bright dirty carpets
overcooked vegetables it wasn’t bubbly cigarette smell
it wasn’t chilled enough it was sour it was too greasy
tables too close together no towels in the toilet
his fingernails were dirty something spilled on the table-cloth
|
Food |
the carrots were raw |
|
Service |
|
|
Decor |
|
|
Atmosphere |
|
|
Drink |
|
|
Hygiene |
Grammatical Topic
THE PRONOUN (Займенник)
|
Називний відмінок |
Об’єктний відмінок |
|
I – я he – він she – вона it – воно (він, вона) we – ми you – ти, ви they – вони |
me – мене, мені him – його, йому her – її, їй it – його, йому, її, їй us – нас, нам you – тебе тобі, вас, вам them – їх, їм |
I like this book. This book is for me. Give me this book, please.
He has not a picture. I buy this picture for him Give him this picture.
She likes dogs. This dog is for her. Give her a dog
They like salad. This salad is for them Give them a salad
Займенник he вживається замість іменників чоловічого роду: father, boy.
Займенник she вживається замість іменників жіночої статі: sister, girl.
Займенник it замінює іменники – назви неістот, не живих предметів, тварин та рослин: The house is large. It is new – Будинок - великий. Він новий.
|
Залежна форма |
Незалежна форма |
Українські відповідники |
|
my his her its our your their |
mine his hers - ours yours theirs |
мій, моя, моє, мої його її його,її наш,наша,наше,наші ваш, ваше…. твій,твоя… їхній,їхня,їхнє,їхні |
Присвійні займенники в залежній формі вживаються перед іменником:
my book – моя книжка, my table – мій стіл my window – моє вікно
his bed – його ліжко, his town – його місто
its window – його вікно (напр.. про будинок This house is big. Its window is large. – Цей будинок є великим. Його вікно велике.)
our house – наш будинок, our computer – наш комп’ютер
their house – їхній будинок
Присвійні займенники в незалежній формі не вживаються перед іменником:
I have a lot of books. All these books are mine. – Я маю багато книжок. Всі ці книжки мої.
He forgot a pencil. I gave him mine. – Він забув олівця. Я дав йому свого.
Я користуюсь своїми записами: I use my notes.
Ти користуєшся своїми записами: You use your notes.
Він користується своїми записами: He uses his notes.
Вона користується своїми записами: She uses her notes.
Ми користуємось своїми записами: We use our notes.
Ви користуєтеся своїми записами: You use your notes.
Вони користуються своїми записами: They use their notes.
Exercise 1: Translate into Ukrainian:
Exercise 2: Make all forms from the pronouns:
Model: I (я): me (мене, мені), my (мій, моя, моє), mine (моє)
Exercise 3: Insert personal pronoun (Вставте особовий займенник):
Exercise 4: Paraphrase the following sentence:
Model: This is my book. – This book is mine.
Заняття №16
Швидке харчування (фаст-фуд). Займенник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:
Is fast food bad?
There is no such thing as a "bad" food, but there are some foods you should try not to eat regularly, because it is very harmful. Fast food is high in calories, fat and cholesterol. Eating such food too much over a long period of time can cause health problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and others. Such food has more sugar and salt. There is a lot of oil, although it tastes good but it is harmful to your organism. A lot of people like to eat hamburgers and drink coca cola. But what is tasty is not always healthy. Fast food makes you fat. Fast food also has no vitamins, and minerals which are so important for our bodies. Such food influences psychology. That’s why many people become very nervous.
Fast foods are easy to cook quickly. People who are busy all the time have no time to cook. Many fast foods are made in factories, and frozen so that we can reheat or quickly cook them at home. Of course we can buy lots of fast foods in the supermarkets too, because it is not so expensive. But we should remember that our health is the most important thing and we should find time for healthy food.
Exercise 2: Answer the questions:
Types of fast food:
|
Name of the food |
Historical information |
|
Pop-Corn |
It’s impossible to imagine American take-away food or snacks without popcorn. Clear as a day, it is made from corn. But what about the first part of the word “pop”. Actually, when you put corn on a fire, the water inside makes the corn explode. This makes a “pop” noise. That is why we call it popcorn. |
|
The Hot Dog |
The original name of the hot dog was the frankfurter, after the German city of Frankfurt. In the United States frankfurters, sausages on buns, have the name of “dachshund”. It is a dog from Germany with a very long body and short legs. Dachshund sausages first became popular in New-York especially at baseball games. The men walked up and down and said “Get your hot dachshund sausages here!” The newspaper cartoonist Tad Dorgan saw the men with the dachshund sausages and got an idea for a cartoon, but he didn’t know how to spell the word “dachshund” and under the picture he just wrote: “Get your hot dogs!” The sausage in bread looks like the German dog, a “dachshund”. |
|
The Hamburger |
The hamburger has no connection to ham, but with the German town of Hamburg, which was famous for its steak. German immigrants to the United States introduced the “hamburger steak”. Hamburger steaks were served on buns for the first time. Than, hamburgers have become well-known and favourite all around the world, because of McDonald’s, where hamburgers were the main food on its menu. The first restaurant McDonald’s was opened in San Bernadino, California, in 1949. |
|
Coca-Cola |
The world famous fresh drink Coca-Cola first was used in medicine. It was a mixing of coca leaves and cola nuts. This mix wasn’t a success and then another druggist, Jacobs, had an idea of selling Coca-Cola as a soda drink. He mixed the syrup with soda water. |
Grammatical Topic
THE PRONOUN (Займенник)
You call yourself a gentleman – Ти називаєш себе джентльменом.
I told myself that it was true – Я сказав собі, що це була правда.
He does not like to talk about himself. – Він не любить говорити про себе.
Let me introduce myself. – Дозвольте відрекомендуватись.
We love each other very much – Ми любимо один одного дуже сильно.
We love one another – Ми любимо один одного.
They take each other’s hands – Вони беруться за руки.
Exercise 1: Complete the sentence using reflective pronouns:
Model: I’ve repaired my TV … – I’ve repaired my TV myself.
Exercise 2: Put into the plural:
1.This is an apple. 2.That is a house. 3.That is a cat. 4.This is a chair. 5.Is this a table? 6.This is a garden. 7.This is a bus and that is a building.
Заняття №17
Харчові пріоритети сучасної молоді. Займенник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate the dialogue:
Once He Decided To Be A Vegetarian
Joe: Hey! Peter came to me today to let me know that he decided to become a
vegetarian.
Kristin: Oh, really?
Joe: Yeah, he told me he’s finally seen the light.
Kristin: Well, what helped him arrive at that decision?
Joe: Well, I mean his girlfriend’s been a vegetarian for about a year now.
Kristin: Yeah, that makes sense.
Joe: He told me that he wanted to speak with me about it because I was an authority on the subject.
Kristin: Well, you pretty much are. You’ve been one for many years now.
Joe: But if it’s a person who’s not a vegetarian and they’re not interested, it pretty goes in one ear and out the other.
Kristin: Right, and for me, I just don’t like to feel like I make somebody do it.
Joe: Well, he wanted to know how I actually, uh, became a vegetarian.
Kristin: Well, what’d you tell him?
Joe: Well, I actually began to think back to when I was in college, uh. I had some friends who were vegetarians and they also tried to convince me to stop eating meat.
Kristin: Mm-hm.
Joe: But, I started to read some literature on my own and there’s a lot of good reasons to go vegetarian. I mean…
Kristin: Yeah, yeah, there are.
Joe: You know, there are environmental reasons. There are also health reasons
obviously. I mean it reduces the risk of heart problems and high blood pressure.
Kristin: Right.
Joe: Um, another thing was connected with animals. I think it is really inhumane to the animals.
Kristin: Yeah, yeah.
Joe: I read literature that talked about how these animals are suffered…
Kristin: Yes, you are right. So, I think you should tell him, that he is a teenager only, and he needs all products, especially meat which has important ingredients for the organism. Milk and dairy products are very useful for our bones. Fish, meat, cheese and other food are an essential part of person’s developing.
Joe: I’s tell him it, of course.
Exercise 2: Answer the questions:
Discussion:
Exercise 3: Discuss the main points of different food, say positive and negative features and your attitude to each of groups. Numerate them from the healthiest to the less, as you think, and vice versa (навпаки).
|
Vegetarian food |
Low-caloric food (to be on a diet) |
Fast food (hamburger, chips, fried potatoes, cheeseburger, steaks) |
Healthy food |
Foreign food (pizza, noodle, sushi,) |
Chocolate, sweets. Highly caloric food |
Grammatical Topic
THE PRONOUN (Займенник)
The boy who sits next to window is excellent student. – Хлопець, що сидить біля вікна,є відмінником.
I know this girl, who sings – Я знаю цю дівчину, що співає.
I read this book, which you gave me – Я читаю цю книжку, яку ти мені дав. (що ти мені дав).
I have some stamps – Я маю кілька поштових марок.
Have you any stamps – У тебе є поштові марки?
Have you any books? Yes, I have some. No, I haven’t any.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with some or any:
Exercise 2: Translate the questions into Ukrainian, pay attention to the underlined (підкреслені) words:
Exercise 3: Paraphrase the sentences using the indefinite pronoun one:
Model: It is necessary for everyone to go in for sports. – One must go in for sports.
Заняття№18
Українська кухня. Займенник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:
Ukrainian National Dishes
The hospitality of the Ukrainian people is well-known throughout the world. When a foreigner comes in Ukraine first he particularly knows- it is our cookery – national dishes and meal times. He should know that in this country national dishes are not the same as in his country, eating habits differ from one country to another.
The usual meals in Ukraine are breakfast, dinner and supper. They are not at a definite hour. Breakfast is the first meal of the day. But it is often informal meal. Most people do not have a full breakfast, and some have no breakfast at all, except a hot drink. The lighter evening meal is called supper.
The most substantial meal is dinner. The Ukrainians can’t imagine it without the first course. To begin with they may have either the Ukrainian borshch (beet and cabbage soup), dumplings, fish soup, chicken broth, cabbage soup (thick soup made of meat broth, new cabbage, potatoes and onions), okroshka (cold kvass soup with vegetables and chopped meat or fish). Then follows the main course. The Ukrainian national cuisine is rich in different delicious things such as: holubtsi (cabbage leaves stuffed with meat and rice in sour-cream sauce), Kyiv style cutlets (chicken cutlets filled with butter), varenyky (either with cherries, blackberries, cottage cheese or mashed potatoes etc.), kholodets’ and others.
In the many Ukrainian homes dinner is followed by a cup of tea with a slice of lemon, jam or sweets. The well-known Ukrainian soft-drink is uzvar (kompot).
“Ukrainian food is of extremely good quality, and it really tastes of something – unlike American food, for example, which all tastes the same” says an English television’s famous cook who has visited our country. But let us remember: “One should eat to live, not live to eat”.
Exercise 2: Answer the questions:
Exercise 3: Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
Exercise 4: Imagine you are given a shopping list. Think what products you must buy. Make your own shopping list. See the example:
a loaf of brown bread a bottle of vinegar
0.5 kg of cheese 2 medium-sized herrings
1 kg of pork a tin of sardines
3 lemons 2 kg of potatoes
0.3 kg of ham a large chicken
1 small cabbage biscuits
a tin of condensed milk a bag of flour
a bunch of radishes a 0.5 kg pack of sour cream
a drum of margarine 0.2 kg of butter
Exercise 5: Work in groups. Discuss the following questions:
1. What do you think about eating out? Do people eat out because they can’t cook or because they want to stay in public or for some other reasons?
2. Take-away food is getting more and more popular in Ukraine. Can you name any advantages and disadvantages of this trend? Which are more numerous? What are the most popular takeaway meals in Ukraine? What is your favourite and least favourite takeaway meal? Why?
3. What do you understand by the term “good food”?
4. Before visiting a new place one may hear certain things about its culinary traditions. How often do these things come true when one actually visits this place? Can you recall any similar situations from your own experience?
Exercise 6: Read and answer the questionnaire. Give your reasons.
Discuss in pairs or groups your attitudes and tastes.
1. When you buy food, which is more important?
a) appearance b) price c) quality
2. If you buy apples, which kind do you choose?
a) red b) green c) the cheapest
3. When you have a meal, what do you enjoy it most for?
a) the food b) the company c) the relaxation d) the television
4. If you were on a desert island what food would you miss most?
a) chocolate b) steak c) bread
5. If a waiter suggests water, which do you ask for?
a) sparkling b) still c) tap
6. When you look at the menu in a restaurant, what do you usually choose?
a) a dish you know b) a dish you don’t know
7. If you ‘re having dinner in a restaurant, will you always have a dessert?
a) yes b) no
8. If someone offered the following unusual food, which would you try?
a) cheese ice-cream b) strawberry crisps c)neither
9. If someone suggested a quick meal, what would you choose?
a) fast food b) sandwich c) a picnic d) something more substantial
10. What would you be happiest to leave out of your present diet?
a) meat b) vegetables and fruit c) desserts d) wine
11. If you could put flavour on stamps, what would you choose?
a) chilli b) cheese c) banana d) another e) none
12. If someone said “Never eat anything you can’t pronounce” what would you say?
a) I cannot agree more b) Nonsense!
Add up your scores using the following table. Then look at the profiles below.
1 a)2; b)1; c)3; 7 a)1; b)2;
2 a)2; b)2; c)1; 8 a)3; b)2; c)1;
3 a)3; b)2; c)1; d)0; 9 a)0; b)1; c)2; d)3;
4 a)1; b)2; c)3; 10 a)2; b)3; c)1; d)3;
5 a)2; b)2; c)1; 11 a)1; b)1; c)1; d)0; e)0;
6 a)0; b)2; 12 a)0; b)3;
25 – 30 points
You are a true gourmet. You are adventurous in your eating habits and not afraid to try something new. You appreciate good food and if you opened your own restaurant you would probably be successful.
15 – 25 points
You are quite conservative in your eating habits, but you know what you like and you enjoy your food. If you tried eating a few different things you might be pleasantly surprised.
0 – 15 points
You don’t much mind what you eat as long as there is plenty of it. However, you feel safest with foods you know. Why not try something different for a change? If you try something new, you may find that you like it.
http://www.lnu.edu.ua/faculty/intrel/navchmet/food.pdf
Grammatical Topic
THE PRONOUN (Займенник)
many – more – most
much – more – most
few – fewer – fewest
little – less – least
We have little sugar – Ми маємо мало цукру.
We have a little sugar – Ми маємо трохи цукру.
They have few chairs – У них є мало крісел
They have a few chairs – У них є кілька крісел
Exercise 1: Translate the sentences:
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with few, little, a few, a little:
Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with much, many:
Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with few, little:
1. Ann is very busy these days. She has … free time.
2. You take … photographs when you were on holidays.
3. I'm not very busy today. But I have got … spare time to do smth..
4. The museum was not very crowded. There were … people.
5. Most of the town is modern. There are … old buildings.
6. The weather has been very dry recently. We've had …rain.
Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with much, many:
1. Have you got … books?
2. I don't have … time to do sport.
3. How … people came to the meeting?
4. Are there … students in the class?
5. I didn't see … of the film because I fell asleep.
6. How … coffee did you buy?
7. How … cups of coffee did you buy?
8. Not … students passed the exam.
9. They didn't give me… information.
Заняття№19
Особливості кухні мови, яка вивчається (Британія). Числівник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:
English Cuisine
English people have a special cuisine. Traditional English dishes include fish and chips, roast beef, steak, pudding and some others. It’s natural that all types of food can be found in English restaurants nowadays. For example, fans of Japanese food will easily find sushi in English cities, fans of Italian food, will easily find all sorts of pasta and pizza in England.
However, many people want to try traditional British cuisine when visiting England. For breakfast English people prefer either oatmeal or cereal with milk, fried eggs with bacon, a glass of orange juice or a cup of fresh coffee. During lunch many people are away at work, or at school, so they carry their lunch with them. It usually consists of a couple of delicious sandwiches with ham, cheese and fresh vegetables, and a small pack of juice. Many Englishmen drink 5 o’clock tea with cookies. For dinner families usually gather around the dining-table to chat and to share some tasty dishes. Among them steaks or fish, steamed vegetables, rice, fresh salad, and a glass of wine or beer, depending on tastes. Children drink either water, or tea. English families often go out for an evening meal, especially on Friday nights.
Traditional English cuisine contains many interesting recipes, but probably the most famous of all is “Fish & Chips”. This dish consists of fried chops from fish and French fries. On special occasions English people often serve roast turkey and traditional pudding.
Exercise 2: Answer the questions:
Exercise 3: Read and discuss the attitude of different people about British food:
John: (25 years old)
Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring and tasteless, they have chips, which are filled with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients are so full of flavour without natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? I don’t like such food, and I prefer healthy food.
Peter: (30 years old)
If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to find a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices.In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... This is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true.
Jim: (16 years old)
I like British cuisine very much. I can not imagine my life without chips and meat with vegetables!!!What about steaks? It is unbelievable and very delicious!!! I can find also food of the other countries, for example, my favourite pizza. I like also tea and pancakes, which I can find in any English restaurant! The most popular is jelly, which is used from gelatin products and it is very tasty gelatin dessert.
Exercise 4: Fill in:
fast food climate French cuisine bread United States
British cuisine is shaped partly by the country's temperate ... and its island geography; and partly by its history, European invaders, and a colonial power in places such as North America, China and India.
Traditional foods with ancient origins, such as ... and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and pies, and freshwater and saltwater fish, are now matched in popularity by potatoes, tomatoes and chillies from the Americas, spices from India, and stir-fries based on Chinese. ... is now admired and copied. Britain was also quick to adopt the innovation of ... from the ... , and continues to absorb ideas from all over the world.
Grammatical Topic
THE NUMERAL (Числівник)
three – thirteen (13) seven – seventeen (17)
four – fourteen (14) eight – eighteen (18)
five – fifteen (15) nine – nineteen (19)
six – sixteen (16)
Числівники назв десятків утворюються за допомогою суфіксу –ty:
two – twenty (20) six – sixty (60)
three – thirty (30) seven – seventy (70)
four – forty (40) eight – eighty (80)
five – fifty (50) nine – ninety (90)
Між десятками і наступними за ними одиницями ставиться дефіс:
sixty-one (61) seventy-eight (78) forty-three (43) fifty-nine (59)
У складних числівників перед десятками в будь якому розряді ставиться and:
235 – two hundred and thirty-five
4007 – four thousand and seven
581,462 – five hundred and eighty-one thousand four hundred and sixty-two
Exercise 1: Read and write the following numerals:
Exercise 2Answer the following questions:
Заняття №20
Особливості кухні мови, яка вивчається (США). Числівник
Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:
What is “American” food?
The answer is that it is a part of Italian, British, German, Mexican and even Chinese… When people from other countries came to live in the US, they brought different cooking traditions, their national recipes. Some of them opened restaurants. Today Americans enjoy food from all over the world.
Maybe the US is most famous for “fast foods”. And that’s why very often traditional American food is associated with fast food, including hamburgers, French fries, hot dogs, pizzas and some other quick and easy-made dishes. The first fast food restaurants served hamburgers, but now they serve other kinds of food too. Inside there is often a “salad bar”, where you can help yourself to eat a lot of salads, because the main rule of salad bars is to pay one price and eat as much as you want. Another traditional American food is doughnuts. However, they were brought to the USA by Dutch immigrants in the 19th century. One can find all sorts of doughnuts in American cafes. During the day Americans eat lots of ready-to-cook food.
Americans eat a lot, and when they go to a restaurant, they don’t expect to be hungry afterwards. Most restaurants will put a lot of food on your plate — sometimes it can be too much. But if you can’t finish it all, don’t worry: they will give you a “doggy bag” and you can take it home.
Most Americans now have a light breakfast instead of the traditional eggs, bacon, toast, orange juice and coffee. But on weekends there is more time, and a large late breakfast or early lunch is often eaten with family or friends. For lunch some families eat fresh salads, sandwiches or tinned soups, which require simply heating. Dinner is the most nutritious meal. Traditionally families cook pasta or roast beef with rice, serve fresh salads, drink a glass of water, juice or wine and sometimes have a dessert with tea. Some families order a take-away food, such as pizza, sushi, Chinese food, etc.
Exercise 2: Answer the questions:
Exercise 3: Compare food from different countries. Discuss the main points:
|
Ukrainian food |
British food |
American food |
|
|
The traditional dish |
|||
|
The most famous dish |
|||
|
Food for breakfast |
|||
|
Food for dinner |
|||
|
Food for supper |
|||
|
Occasional dish |
|||
|
Drinks |
|||
|
Specific items |
Grammatical Topic
THE NUMERAL (Числівник)
four – fourth nine – ninth
five – fifth fifteen – fifteenth
six – sixth twelve – twelfth
seven – seventh sixty – sixtieth
eight – eighth
У складених порядкових числівниках форму порядкового числівника має лише останнє слово: twenty –one - twenty –first
three hundred and sixty-four – three hundred and sixty-fourth
page twenty-five сторінка двадцять п’ята
part three частина третя
Size thirty-seven розмір тридцять сьомий
1978 – nineteen hundred and seventy-eight
або в усному мовленні просто: nineteen seventy-eight
Число місяця позначається порядковим числівником з означеним артиклем та прийменником of:
1 грудня 1991 року – the first of December nineteen ninety-one
Exercise 1: Translate:
перший, сьомий, двадцять третій, четвертий, другий, дев’ятий, сто вісімдесят перший, одна тисяча двадцять восьмий, третій, п’ятий, чотириста сьомий, вісімнадцятий, 2 червня 1934 року, 14 листопада 1467, 7 квітня 1890, сторінка сімдесят друга, глава п’ята. Кімната сто десята.