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Ford (Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Kampani , NYSE: F) - American automobile company , a manufacturer of automobiles under the brands «Ford».
The fourth car manufacturer in the world in terms of production for the entire period of its existence , now - a third of the U.S. market after GM and Toyota, and the second in Europe after Volkswagen.
Ranked 10th in the list of the largest public companies in the U.S. Fortune 500 as of 2011 [1] and 25 in the list of the largest corporations in the world Global 500 in 2011 [2] ( 2011 ) .
The company's headquarters is located in Dearborn ( a suburb of Detroit , Michigan ) .
The company was founded in 1903 by Henry Ford , who created it , getting business development $ 28,000 from five investors. Ford has gained notoriety as the first in the world to apply classical car assembly conveyor.
First gained mass acceptance model , manufactured by the company , was the Ford Model T, is produced in 1908-1927 , respectively.
In the late 1920s the Soviet leadership with the company was contracted to assist in the construction of automobile In the lower Novgorod. The first cars of the new Soviet Automobile - GAZ- A and GAZ-AA , were licensed copies of cars "Ford" .
In the late 1930s, the company does not enjoy the confidence of the U.S. military because of pro-Nazi sympathies unconcealed founder [3] [ 4] [5 ] . In 1930 Ford built on the territory of Nazi Germany production, which released for the needs of the Wehrmacht 12 thousand tracked and 48 thousand units wheeled vehicles. Head of the company was awarded the highest award of the Third Reich . However, with the U.S. entry into World War II the company began production of military trucks and jeeps for the U.S. military ( not its design - Ford GPW was adapted version of Willys MB), performed tankostroitelnoy subcontractors in the U.S. program .
In the mid -2000s because of the stiff competition in the global automotive market , Ford has experienced a severe financial crisis . In 2006 the company became goduprezidentom Alan Mulally [6] , which sold units Aston Martin and Volvo Cars, led the successful restructuring [7] launching a new strategy "One Ford» - under which Ford should gradually start producing global vehicles that are common to all markets that returned the company to profitability . [8]
Russian subsidiary of Ford ( JSC "Ford Motor Company ") is owned automobile factory in Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad region) , assembles cars «Ford Focus third generation" [17] and Ford Mondeo ( the company made such operations as welding body , paint and final assembly of cars). The company was launched in July 2002 and became one of the first foreign brand car assembly plants in Russia. Capacity of the plant in July 2007 was 72 thousand vehicles per year , staff - 2,2 thousand people. At the same time the company announced the expansion of capacities Vsevolozhsk plant to 125 thousand vehicles per year, including 100 thousand «Focus 2 " and 25 thousand «Mondeo». Investments in expansion should be worth $ 100 million . [18]
The enterprise is fairly active trade union organization , whose leader from 2005 to 2011 was Alexei Etmanov . Ford plant in Russia has frequently been the scene of conflict between workers and management is often manifested in a strike. The most prominent were the strike at "Ford" in 2005, 2006 and 2007 , especially the 25- day strike in November - December 2007. The result of the strikes to " Ford "
was to raise the wages of workers , improving their working conditions [19] [ 20].
In February 2011 it was announced the creation of a joint venture automotive and Russian automaker Ford "Sollers »-Ford Sollers. It is expected that by the American company in the joint venture will be made to the Russian trading arm of Ford Motor Rus and Vsevolozhsk plant , from the " Sollers " - production capacity. Distribution of shares in the joint venture will be 50 to 50. It is assumed that the company will produce cars under the brand Ford. [ 15]
Ford Company is closely linked to race in Formula 1. Thus, the company was one of the suppliers of engines for racing cars in this series ( badged Cosworth) for over forty years ( from 1967 to 2004) , and in 2000, bought komanduStewart Grand Prix, renaming it Jaguar . In 2004 , the team was sold to concern Red Bull, and the firm Cosworth - Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhovenu . Ford to make its engines won 176 Grand Prix between 1967 and 2003 , with bands such as Lotus Carsi McLaren F1 [ 23].
Ford has a long history in rallying and has been active in the World Rally Championship since its inception , and it is 1973 . Under Ford participated in the 1979 Hannu Mikkola , Bjorn Waldegard and Ari Vatanen , drivers Ford Escort RS1800. In group B, Ford achieved success on the Ford RS200. In 1999, Ford has used various versions of Ford Focus WRC at different stages. In 2006 , BP-Ford World Rally Team became the second brand after Ford Focus RS WRC 06 [21]. Ford is the only manufacturer of 92 consecutive marks , with the 2002 season in the Rally Monte Carlo [22].