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Terms to remember:
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employment |
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зайнятість, робота за наймом; надання роботи |
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reflect (v) |
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відображувати |
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be self-employed (v) |
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працювати самостійно; працювати не за наймом |
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work freelance (v) |
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працювати не за наймом; бути вільним художником |
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businesspeople |
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ділові люди |
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flexible |
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гнучкий |
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employer |
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наймач, роботодавець |
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entrepreneur |
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підприємець |
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fixed-term contract |
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строковий контракт |
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part-time worker |
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робітник, який зайнятий неповний робочий день |
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permanent job |
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постійна робота |
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temporary job |
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тимчасова робота |
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administration |
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управління, керування (справа-ми); адміністрація, керівництво |
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reject (v) |
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відхиляти |
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Human resources (HR) |
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персонал, людські ресурси |
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Human Resources department |
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відділ кадрів |
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recruitment |
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набір (кадрів); надання роботи |
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staff appraisal |
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оцінка роботи персоналу |
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welfare |
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соціальне забезпечення; допомога з соціального забезпечення |
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pension |
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пенсія |
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ensure (v) |
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забезпечувати, гарантувати |
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available |
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наявний, доступний |
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meet the needs (v) |
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задовольняти потреби |
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team |
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бригада, група, команда |
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job rotation |
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зміна робіт; ротація робочих завдань |
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job security |
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гарантія роботи, стабільність роботи, гарантія зайнятості, забезпечення роботою |
Employment
Work plays a major part in most people’s lives. People of all sorts work in business, and the terms businessman and businesswoman reflect this, referring to a wide range of individuals, from the rich and famous to small company owners, from people in large organizations to those who work for themselves.
Businessmen and women are referred to together as businesspeople.
Many people choose to be self-employed (to have their own business) or to work freelance for several employers.
An entrepreneur is someone who starts their own company.
As the labour market becomes more flexible, many employers respond by increasing the number of fixed-term contracts and part-time workers. We can also speak about permanent or temporary job.
In large organizations, administration of people is done by the personnel department, although this expression is now sometimes rejected. Companies talk instead about their human resources or HR.
The Human Resources department of a company is responsible for planning, recruitment of new people, staff training and development, staff appraisal, welfare, pensions administration and industrial relations. It works to ensure that the right people are available to meet the company’s needs.
Some companies move their workers regularly between teams or departments. This is called job rotation. Job security is knowing or feeling that a job will last for a long time.
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Give the English for:
зайнятість, ділова жінка, власник компанії, відділ кадрів, відповідати за планування, набір нових кадрів, підготовка кадрів, соціальне забезпечення, задовольняти потреби компанії, бригада, зміна робіт, гарантія роботи, строковий контракт, роботодавець, оцінкa роботи, працювати не за наймом, підприємець, постійна робота, тимчасова робота.
Ex2. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:
|
A |
B |
|
available rich famous businessman human resources department be responsible for staff ensure staff appraisal last fixed-term contract |
continue business person personnel department be in charge of performance appraisal wealthy renowned make sure terminal contract personnel obtainable |
Ex.3. Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:
employment, rich, full-time worker, employee, famous, regularly.
Ex.4. The following sentences could be used to describe jobs. Find sentences:
Terms to remember:
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skills |
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навички |
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job title |
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назва посади |
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define (v) |
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визначати |
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personal assistant |
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секретар-референт |
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authority |
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керівництво, влада; повноваження |
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executive (exec) |
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керівник, адміністратор, службовець; виконавець |
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supervisor |
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інспектор; керівник персоналу (на підприємстві); контролер; керівник нижчої ланки |
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workforce |
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робоча сила; кадри, штатні працівники |
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on the payroll |
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в штатному складі (підприємства) |
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payroll |
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платіжна відомість |
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monthly-paid staff |
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персонал, який отримує заробітну платню щомісячно |
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weekly-paid staff |
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персонал, який отримує заробітну платню щотижнево |
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hourly-paid staff |
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персонал, який отримує заробітну платню погодинно |
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white-collar worker |
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службовець; білий комірець (працівник, зайнятий інтелектуальною працею) |
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manual worker |
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робітник фізичної праці |
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blue-collar worker |
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робітник; блакитний комірець (працівник, зайнятий фізичною працею) |
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colleague/co-worker |
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колега, співробітник |
Human Resources: the people
“Human Resources” means people, plus the skills and experience they bring to an organization. Job titles such as “Accounts Manager” or “Personal Assistant” define what people do.
An employer is a person or company that provides job. Boss is an informal word meaning “someone in authority”, for example an employer or owner of a company, or simply someone in a superior position.
The person who runs a specific part of an organization is called a manager. An executive or, informally, an exec is usually a manager at quite a high level. People at the head of an organization, as it was already mentioned, are senior executives, top executives or top managers. Someone who is in charge of making sure a job is well done e.g. on the factory floor, or in retailing, is sometimes called a supervisor.
People working for a company are referred to as its workforce, employees, staff or personnel and are on its payroll.
Payroll is the list of all the people employed by a company, and the amount of money paid to each of them. The payroll is usually divided into monthly-paid staff, weekly-paid staff and hourly-paid staff.
Professionals or people who perform various office jobs are white-collar workers, while manual workers in factories, on building sites, etc. are called blue-collar workers. Someone who works with you in your job is a colleague (sometimes called a co-worker).
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Give the English for:
людські ресурси; навички та досвід; роботодавець; керівник; службовець (2); платіжна відомість; персонал, який отримує заробітну платню щомісячно/щотижнево/погодинно; робітник; колега; керівництво.
Ex.2. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:
|
A |
B |
|
specific manual provide workforce colleague define authority owner |
give co-worker definite physical possessor personnel specify power |
Ex.3. Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:
employee, blue-collar worker, general, inferior, junior, formal.
Ex.4. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
Ex.5. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
Terms to remember:
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interviewee |
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особа, яка дає інтерв’ю; запрошений на співбесіду |
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interviewer |
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інтерв’юер |
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reference |
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рекомендація |
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accept the job offer |
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приймати пропозицію про роботу |
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turn down the job offer |
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відхиляти пропозицію про роботу |
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appoint (v) |
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призначати, затверджувати (на посаду) |
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sign (v) |
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підписувати |
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employment contract |
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трудовий контракт |
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working conditions |
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умови праці |
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salary |
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заробітна платня |
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in advance |
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заздалегідь |
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research (v) |
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вивчати, досліджувати |
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implement (v) |
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виконувати, здійснювати |
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relocate (v) |
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переміщати, переселяти |
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training course |
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курс навчання |
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strengths |
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сильні сторони |
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weakness |
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недолік, уразливе місце |
Interviewing
An interview is a formal meeting between a candidate and people from the company. In this situation, the candidate is the interviewee and the representatives of the company are the interviewers. After an interview, the interviewers will follow up the references of promising candidates. To do this they ask for a letter about the candidate from a previous employer (or a tutor, in the case of a recent graduate). Once this process has been completed, the interviewers need to select the best candidate for the job and offer him or her the post. The candidate will then accept, or turn down the job offer.
When the person has been officially appointed (given the job), an employment contract is signed, agreeing the working conditions and salary.
If you are an interviewee you should do the following in advance:
Below are some questions that are frequently asked in job interviews:
Exercises in Word Study
Ex.1. Give the English for:
офіційна зустріч; особа, яка дає інтерв’ю; представники компанії; рекомендації; перспективний кандидат; відібрати кращих кандидатів; запропонувати посаду; прийняти/відхилити пропозицію про роботу; підписати трудовий контракт; узгодити умови праці та заробітну платню; кар’єра; досвід спілкування з "важким" клієнтом; довгострокові цілі; роботодавець.
Ex.2. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:
|
A |
B |
|
formal turn down appoint conditions salary carefully response relocate implement responsibility |
duty put into action move to a new place answer attentively payment terms designate reject official |
Ex.3. Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:
interviewee, formal, to accept, to dismiss, strengths, inattentively.
Ex.4. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below:
Ex.5. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
Authority, executive, skills, payroll (2), supervisor, workforce, colleagues, blue-collar workers, white-collar workers.
Strengths, reference, the contract of employment, salary, interviewer, appointed (2), turn down, accepted, interview.