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ENGLISH TENSES (ACTIVE)
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Indefinite |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Perfect Continuous |
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|
Present
|
...verb |
be + -ing |
have + III form |
have been + -ing |
|
ask(s) |
am is asking are |
have asked has |
have been asking has |
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usually/generally always/never often/seldom sometimes 1. Permanent action. 2. General truth. 3. Repeated, customary action. 4. Fact. 5. Future action (to a time- table, schedule). |
at present, at the moment now still 1. Action (process) going on at the present moment. 2. Future action planned before. 3. Continuous process (with always, constantly) |
just already/yet ever/never lately/recently this week/today by now for since Completed action connected with the present; result. |
for a month/a long time since 5 o'clock how long/since when 1. Action (process) which began in the past and is still going on now. 2. Action which was recently in the progress, but is no longer going on at the present moment. |
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past |
asked
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was asking were |
had asked |
had been asking |
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yesterday last week 3 days ago 1. Action (succession of actions) in the past. 2. Repeated action in the past.
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at 5 yesterday from 5 to 6 yesterday for 3 days last week all day long/the whole day when we came Action (process) taking place at a given moment in the past. |
by 5 о 'clock yesterday before he came by the end of last year 1. Action completed before a certain moment in the past. (not used as a succession of actions) 2.With hadly (scarecely, nearly, barely)…when, no sooner… than. 3. At sequence of tenses. |
He had been working for 2 hours, when my brother came. 1. Action (process) which began before a definite moment in the past and was still going at that moment. 2. Action which had been in progress not long before, but was no longer going on at definite moment in the past. |
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future |
will ask |
will be asking |
will have asked |
will have been asking |
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tomorrow next week in 3 days in 2017 Future action. |
at 5 tomorrow from 5 to 6 tomorrow for 3 days next week all day long tomorrow when he comes Action (process) taking place at a given moment in the future. |
by 5 o'clock tomorrow when he comes by next summer Action completed before a definite moment in the future. |
When you come, I'll have been working for 2 hours. Action (process) which will begin before a definite moment in the future and will be going on at that moment. |
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|
Future-in- -the-past |
would ask |
would be asking |
would have asked |
would have been asking |
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At sequence of tenses. |
At sequence of tenses. |
At sequence of tenses. |
At sequence of tenses. |
The following is the list of most common stative verbs that are not used in the Сontinuous form:
verbs denoting physical perceptions: to hear, to notice, to see;
verbs denoting emotions: to adore, to care for, to detest, to
dislike, to hate, to like, to love, to respect;
verbs denoting wish: to desire, to want, to wish;
d) verbs denoting mental processes: to admire (= to be of high opinion), to appreciate, to assume, to believe (= to consider), to con sider (= to regard), to doubt, to expect (= to suppose), to feel (= to consider), to imagine, to know, to mind (= to object), to perceive, to presume, to recall, to recognize, to recollect, to regard, to remember, to suppose, to think = ( to consider), to trust, to understand;
relational verbs: to apply, to be, to belong, to concern, to con sist, to contain, to depend, to deserve, to differ, to equal, to fit, to have, to hold (= to contain), to include, to involve, to lack, to mat ter, to need, to owe, to own, to possess, to remain, to require, to re semble, to result, to signify, to suffice;
some other verbs: to agree, to allow, to appear (= to seem), to astonish, to claim, to consent, to displease, to envy, to fait to do, to feel (as: The surface feels rough), to find, to forbid, to forgive, to intend, to inter est, to keep doing, to manage to do, to mean, to object, to please, to prefer, to prevent, to puzzle, to realize, to refuse, to remind, to satisfy, to seem, to smell (as: The soup smells(tastes) nice), to sound (as: The song sounds nice), to succeed, to suit, to surprise, to taste to tend, to value.
However, some stative verbs when they change their meaning can be used in the Continuous form.
1. When the verb to be is close to to behave in meaning.
Example: "Are you seeing Clare tonight?" she asked.
He said, "I'm seeing you home."
"Are you going in the water?" Sybil said. "I'm seriously con sidering it."
Jane turned away. "The thing to do," she said, "is to pay no attention to him. He is just being" silly."
2. When to have is part of set phrases, as in: to have, a bath, to have a good holiday, to have a party, to have a smoke, to have a walk, to have coffee, to have dinner, to have something done, to have to do something, to have trouble and the like.
Example: "Where is Mr Franklin?" he asked, "He's having a bath. He'll be right out."
3. When the ac tions indicated by these verbs express great intensity of feeling.
Example: "You'll find it a great change to live in New York." "At the present time I'm hating it," she said in an expressionless tone.
"Strange," he said, "how, when people are either very young or very old, they are always wanting to do something they should not do."
Dear Amy, I've settled in now and I am liking my new life very much.
4. When some durative verbs, for example, verbs of bodily sensa tion (to ache, to feel, to hurt, to itch, etc.) and such verbs as to wear, to look (= to seem), to shine and others are used with little difference in meaning.
Example: You're looking well, cousin Joan. (You look quite happy today.)
"I know what you are feeling, Roy," she said. "We all feel ex actly the same."
In subordinate clauses of time, condition and conces sion when the action refers to the future
we use the Present Indefinite instead of the Future Indefinite.
1. Clauses of time referring to the future may be introduced by the conjunctions when, while, till, until, before, after, as soon as and once,
Example: She won't go to bed till you come. I shall have a look at his paper when I get it.
2. Clauses of condition are introduced by the conjunctions if, un less, on condition (that), provided (providing) and in case.
Example: If you send me a line to my club, it'll be forwarded at once. But I must have the pills, in case she feels worse.
3. Clauses of concession are introduced by the conjunctions even if, even though, no matter how, whenever, whatever, however, etc.
Example: Even if he hates me I shall never do him any harm. I'll have dinner whenever it's ready.
But: In clauses other than those of time and condition, the Future Indefinite is used even if these clauses are introduced by the conjunctions if and when,
Example: I wonder if the tape recorder will eventually replace the record player. The important thing to know is when the book will come out.
Tests on active voice tenses
Please choose the correct answer.
John goes to work ____________.
a) recently; b) every day; c) at the moment; d) the following day.
2. – Why are you crying? - I __________ my finger.
a) have been cutting; b) has cut; c) have cut; d) cut.
Don’t talk to Father! He ______________.
a) has been thinking; b) thinks; c) think; d) is thinking.
Right now I ___________ him the best engineer in our company.
a) am considering; b) am being considered; c) consider; d) considering.
Where have you been? I haven’t seen you __________!
a) for an age; b) for centuries; c) for many ages; d) for ages.
6. Yesterday Bill ________ and broke his leg.
a) felt; b) has fallen; c) fallen; d) fell.
7. When I came home, my parents ___________ TV.
a) were watching; b) was watching; c) watched; d) had watched.
8. Tomorrow at noon they _____________ at the library.
a) will have studied; b) will have been studying; c) will be studying; d) study.
9. Please hurry, your train ____________ in five minutes.
a) leaves; b) is leaving; c) is left; d) will be leaving.
10. She ___________ the project by the end of the term.
a) will have finished; b) will has finished; c) will finished; c) will finish.
11. By September my parents _______________ in Moscow for five years.
a) will have lived; b) will have been living; c) will has .lived; d) will have living.
12. Jane ____________ a lot of good films this week.
a) saw; b) have seen; c) has sung; d) has seen.
13. By the time you came, they ______________ our town.
a) had left; b) had lived; c) have left; d) had been leaving.
14. They _________ in Saint Petersburg for eight years before moving to Moscow.
a) were living; b) lived; c) left; d) had lived.
15. Peter said that he had been very busy _____________.
a) yesterday; b) the following day; c) the day after tomorrow; d) the day before.
16. My girlfriend said that she ____________ me always.
a) would love; b) would have loved; c) will love; d) would have been loving.
Our teacher explained to us that the Earth _______ round.
a) was round; b) has been round; c) would be round; d) is round.
18. I ________________ a lot when I was younger.
a) used to smoke; b) was used to smoke; c) had smoked; d) had been smoking.
Your composition ___________ in two weeks.
a) will be due; b) will due; c) is due; d) will have been due.
20. If you ___________ me this dress tomorrow, I will never love you again.
a) doesn’t buy; b) will not buy; c) don’t buy; d) haven’t bought.
21. Mother won’t allow me to watch TV tonight unless I ________all my homework.
a) do; b) will not do; c) will have done; d) don’t do.
22. Please lock the front door before you ______________.
a) will go; b) will have gone; c) will have been going; d) go.
23. I will call you as soon as dinner ___________ ready.
a) will ready; b) will be ready; c) is ready; d) will have been ready.
Please translate the following sentences.
Когда я пришел домой, мой брат уже два часа смотрел телевизор.
Вчера утром я встал, принял душ, позавтракал и поехал в Институт.
Он пожалел, что почти не знает английского. Он уже давно его забыл.
Я тебя уже сто лет не видел! Где ты был все это время? Чем ты занимался?
Джон сказал, что вчера он был в Институте, а завтра будет заниматься в библиотеке с десяти утра до трех часов дня.
Завтра исполнится пять лет, как он работает в нашем Институте.
Ваш поезд отходит через пять минут.
Поторопись! Спектакль вот-вот начнется!
Встреча глав государств пройдет в Лондоне в сентябре.
На этой неделе я посмотрел несколько хороших фильмов.
Не разговаривай с отцом! Он думает!
Сейчас я верю, что он говорит правду.
III. Ask all the questions to the following sentence using the standard word order for questions in the Present Simple Tense:
Every day at seven o'clock in the morning Steve gets up from his warm comfortable bed in a very bad mood because at nine o'clock he has to be at his dark damp office to do the boring low-paying job that he hates so much and to listen to the reprimands of his supervisor whom he hates even more.