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PART II. PERSONALITY
I. Warm-Up.
1. Do the following personality quiz.
Personality quiz.
What sort of person are you?
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1. Are you usually happy? 2. Do you enjoy the company of other people? 3. Do you find it difficult to meet new people? 4. Is it important to you to succeed in your career? 5. Does your mood change often and suddenly for no reason? 6. Do you notice other people's feelings? 7. Do you think the future will be good? 8. Can your friends depend on you? 9. Is your room often in a mess? 10. Do you get annoyed if you have to wait for anyone or anything? 11. Do you put off until tomorrow what you could do today? 12. Do you work hard? 13. Do you keep your feelings and ideas to yourself? 14. Do you often give presents? 15. Do you talk a lot? 16. Are you usually calm and not worried by things? |
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Work in pairs.
a) Do the personality quiz above to discover what type of person you are. Use a dictionary to check any new words. Write Y for Yes, N for No, and S for Sometimes.
b) Ask your partner to do the quiz about you. look at your ideas and your partner's ideas about you. Are they the same?
c) Match these adjectives with the questions in the quiz.
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a. untidy b. optimistic c. sociable d. talkative e. reserved f. shy g. impatient h. ambitious |
i. lazy j. generous k. moody l. hard-working m. easy-going n. reliable o. cheerful p. sensitive |
Which are positive qualities and which are negative? Which could be both?
d) What is the opposite of each of the sixteen adjectives in Exercise c)?
Remember that the prefixes in- and un- can sometimes be used to make negatives. Which of the adjectives above can use these?
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY AND EXERCISES
DESCRIBING PEOPLE - CHARACTER
Ability: intelligent bright clever smart shrewd able gifted talented (colloquial)
Lacking ability: stupid foolish half-witted simple silly brainless daft dim (the last four are predominantly colloquial words)
Clever, in a negative way, using brains to trick or deceive: cunning crafty sly
Looking on either the bright or the black side of things: optimistic pessimistic
Outward-looking or inward-looking (i.e. to the world around one or to one's own in world): extroverted introverted
Calm or not calm with regard to attitude to life: relaxed tense
Practical, not dreamy in approach to life: sensible down-to-earth
Feeling things very intensely: sensitive
Enjoying others' company: sociable gregarious
Disagreeing with others: quarrelsome argumentative
Taking pleasure in others' pain: cruel sadistic
Relaxed in attitude to self and others: easy-going even-tempered
Not polite to others: impolite rude ill-mannered discourteous
Telling the truth to others: honest trustworthy reliable sincere
Unhappy if others have what one does not have oneself: jealous envious
Many positive words describing character have clear opposites with a negative meaning
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Positive warm and friendly kind nice, pleasant generous (=happy to give/share) optimistic (= thinks positively) cheerful (= happy and smiling) relaxed and easy-going strong sensitive honest (= always tells the truth) |
Negative cold and unfriendly unkind horrible, unpleasant mean (= never gives to others) pessimistic (= thinks negatively) miserable (= always seems unhappy) tense (nervous; worries a lot; not calm) weak insensitive (does not think about others' feelings) dishonest
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Jane is very tense at the moment because of her exams, but she's usually quite relaxed and easy-going about most things.
I think the weather influences me a lot: when it's sunny I feel more cheerful and optimistic, but when it's cold and raining I get very miserable.
He seemed a bit unfriendly at first, but now I've got to know him I realise he's very warm and kind.
The shop assistant told me that the dress I tried on looked better on people younger than me. I thought that was very insensitive of her, but at least she was being honest, I suppose.
People often talk about qualities of character that you may need in a work situation. Again, some of these words come in pairs of opposites: one positive and one negative.
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Positive hard-working punctual (= always on time) reliable clever, bright (infml) flexible ambitious |
Negative lazy (= never does any work) not very punctual; always late unreliable (= you cannot trust / depend on someone like this) stupid, thick (infml) inflexible (= a very fixed way of thinking; unable to change) unambitious (=no desire to be successful and get a better job) |
Some pairs of opposites do not have a particularly positive or negative meaning:
He is very shy when you first meet him because he finds it difficult to talk to people and make conversation; but when he knows people quite well he's much more self-confident.
People often say the British are very reserved (= do not show their feelings), but when you get to know them they can be very emotional like anyone else.
Some important qualities are expressed through nouns.
One of her great qualities is that she uses her initiative. (= she can think for herself and take the necessary action; she does not need to wait for orders all the time)
That boy has got no common sense (= he does stupid things and doesn't think what he is doing). His sister, on the other hand, is very sensible. (= has lots of common sense)
Some characteristics can be either positive or negative depending on your point of view. The words in the right-hand column mean roughly the same as the words in the left-hand column except that they have negative rather than positive connotations.
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determined thrifty/economical self-assured assertive original frank/direct/open broad-minded inquiring generous innocent ambitious |
obstinate stubborn pig-headed miserly mean tight-fisted self-important arrogant full of oneself (colloquial) aggressive bossy (colloquial) peculiar weird eccentric odd blunt abrupt brusque curt unprincipled permissive inquisitive nosy (colloquial) extravagant naive pushy (colloquial) |
II. VOCABULARY EXERCISES
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mean clever nice lazy relaxed hard-working tense cheerful generous unpleasant stupid miserable bad-tempered creative critical disorganized efficient forgetful impatient level-headed moody punctual reliable strict |
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Positive ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… |
Negative ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… |
Do you know any people with these personality traits?
e. g. "My neighbour is bad-tempered …"
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A. |
1. clever 2. extroverted 3. rude 4. cruel 5. generous 6. unsociable |
introverted tight-fisted courteous gregarious kind-hearted half-witted |
B. Look at the two groups of adjectives below. Those in group A are favourable, those in group B are unfavourable. Pair the adjectives in group A with their opposites in group B.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
A amusing calm cheerful clever even-tempered generous good-looking hard-working pleasant polite self-confident sensitive sincere tolerant witty |
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o |
B stupid disagreeable boring humourless hypocritical lazy mean miserable moody narrow-minded plain quick-tempered rude shy unfeeling |
Which five adjectives in group A do you think are the most important in a friend? Which five adjectives in group B describe people you dislike most?
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1. Di's very thrifty. 2. Molly's usually frank. 3. Liz's quite broad-minded. 4. Sam can be aggressive. |
5. Dick's quite bossy. 6. I find Dave self-important. 7. Don't you think Jim's nosy? 8. Jill is very original. |
Reword the sentences above to give the opposite impression. Example: Di's very stingy.
1. He never bought me a drink all the time we were together.
He often promises to do things but half the time he forgets.
She's always here on time.
I don't think he's done any work since he's been here.
She finds it difficult to meet people and talk to strangers.
He could work in any of the departments, and it doesn't matter to him if he's on his own or part of a team.
One of the great things about her is that she is so aware of what other people think or feel.
Bob, on the other hand, is the complete opposite. He is always making people angry or upset because he just doesn't consider their feelings.
The other thing about Bob is that he really wants to get the supervisor's job and then become boss for the whole department.
Example: If you arrange to meet at 7 p.m., do you arrive at 7 p.m.? Reliable
argumentative sensitive sociable extravagant assertive inquisitive
Do you find it easy to tell your boss if you feel he or she has treated you badly?
Do you always look out of the window if you hear a car draw up?
Do you often buy your friends presents for no particular reason?
Do you frequently disagree with what other people say?
Do you lie awake at night if someone has said something unkind to you?
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1 thrifty 2 blunt |
3 sensible 4 intelligent |
5 even-tempered 6 original |
7 obstinate |
Example: kind kindness
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punctual confident sensitive kind |
optimistic generous strong friendly |
reliable ambitious flexible honest |
lazy stupid shy pleasant |
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1 self- |
……………………………………… |
2 |
……………………………………… |
-tempered |
3 |
……………………………………… |
-minded |
Write a sentence to illustrate the meanings of each of your words.
9. Choose five or six adjectives from the Essential Vocabulary which you think best describe either your own or a friend's character. How do you or your friend demonstrate these characteristics? Example: Sociable - I am sociable because I love being with other people.
a. prone to exaggeration b. deceitful c. sensitive d. hypocritical
e. unpredictable f. sincere g. naive h. fickle
someone who wants others to think they have better morals than they have; they say one thing and do another (negative)
a tendency to say things are better, worse or more important than they really are
when you trust people too much and believe what they say as a result of your innocence and lack of experience (negative)
someone who behaves dishonestly and tries to keep the truth hidden (negative)
someone who changes their behaviour so that you never know what they are going to do
someone who shows understanding towards other people's feelings or problems or someone who gets upset or hurt easily
Phrases to be remembered
To be decent (conscientious) all around - быть порядочным ( добросовестным ) во всех отношениях
To be in good(bad) humour - быть в хорошем(плохом) настроении
To be(not) in the mood for joking - иметь (не иметь) настроения шутить
To deceive - обманывать
To have a high(low) opinion of smb - быть высокого(невысокого) мнения о ком то
To have a good(bad) sence of humour - иметь (не иметь) чувство юмора
To insult - оскорблять
To loose one's temper - терять самообладание
To neglect one's duties - пренебрегать своими обязанностями
To offend - обижать
To get offended - обижаться
To praise - хвалить
To put on airs - напускать на себя важность
To respect - уважать
To shirk smth - увиливать от чего-либо
To tease - дразнить
To treat smb well(badly) - относиться к кому-либо хорошо(плохо)
To let smb down - подводить кого-либо
III. ADDITIONAL TOPICAL VOCABULARY
General
personality, quality (innate quality), trait (hereditary/ acquired traits), split personality, aptitude (for), capability, ability, characteristic feature, behaviour (behavioural pattern), reaction, response, attitude, merit (strength), weakness, fault, sin, to estimate, self-esteem, virtue
Innate Qualities
active, inert, vivacious, sleepyhead, quick, slowpoke (dawdler), cheerful, merry, bore, amiable, nuisance, sullen, calm (placid), irritable, peevish, composed, hot/ quick/ short-tempered, neat, sloven, defiant, (dis)obedient, sensitive, callous, touchy, emotional, sober-minded, (ir)rational, trustworthy, superstitious, ambitious, arrogant, boastful, capricious, self-assured, self-blaming, self-confident, self-critical, self-denying, self-disciplined
Powers of Mind
broad-minded, narrow-minded, quick-minded, slow-minded, quick-witted, bright, dull (dummy), clever, smart, foolish, wise, silly, intelligent, stupid, blunt, shallow, well-read, ill-read, (un)educated, ignorant, illiterate, unlettered, learned, talented, feeble-minded, gifted, ordinary, genius, simple-minded (-hearted), sophisticated, unreasonable
Volitional Powers
bold coward, brave, feeble, courageous, timid, daring, cautious, fearless, fearful, firm, hesitant, steady, doubtful, obstinate, flexible, stubborn, persistent, (ir)resolute, strong-/weak-willed,independent, submissive; to stand one’s ground; able to stand up to; unable to control one’s emotions, to show resistance to; show presence of mind; lacking self-reliance; lost
Man and Other People
amiable, withdrawn, communicable, detached, (un)fair, faithful, frank, hypocritical (deceitful), honest, suspicious, (un)just, sincere, false, sympathetic, indifferent, (un)reliable, open, double-faced, reserved, trustful, treacherous, quarrelsome, trusting, sociable, keeping aloof, sly (cunning), haughty, affectionate, jealous, snobbish, gentle, harsh, tender, severe, flexible, tough, mild (soft), strict, genial, cruel, good-natured, dominant, undemanding, pushy, wicked, hostile, dignified, mean, regretful, noble, altruistic, egoistic, selfish, moral, evil, reputable, honorable, scoundrel, (im)polite, tactless, tactful, (dis)respectful, scornful, well-/ill-mannered, well-/ill-behaved
Man and Property
generous, greedy, open-hearted, stingy, economical, thrifty, wasteful, extravagant, intemperate
Man and his Work
(ir)responsible, careless, attentive, casual, diligent, unconcerned, hard-working, indifferent, industrious, lazy, disciplined, idle, punctual, sloppy, concentrated, distracted, commited, shirker, accomplished, incompetent,, unskilled, dedicated, slacker, concerned, awkward
Emotional State
calm, anxious, placid, nervous, quiet, upset, sorrowful, gloomy, cheerful, grim, elated, miserable, delighted, disappointed, inspired, distressed, frustrated, enthusiastic, moody, excited, low, agitated, blue, passionate, apathetic, in a good/ bad mood, in high/ low spirit
She has a wonderful charming personality.