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State, its signs and classification
The state has arisen at a stage of formation of a class society and was formed as the political organization of economically ruling classes for the purpose of preservation of an existing order in a society.
For some millennia of the history the state has turned to the main form of existence of a human society. The states are the main subjects of world politics.
Today in there are more than 200 states in the world.
State is a set of the organizations and the establishments exercising administration of the society.
Basic signs of the state:
Classification of constitutions
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Criteria of classification |
Types of constitutions |
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Forms of constitutions |
Written constitutions - the uniform act, accepted at a time Unwritten constitutions - set of legal certificates and laws accepted at various times |
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Forms of government fixed in the constitution |
Monarchic constitutions Republican constitutions |
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Forms of a state system fixed in the constitution |
Unitary constitutions (unified state including administrative-political units, which do not possess political independence) Federal constitutions (union of independent state formations (subjects of federation), each of which possesses own competence and has own system of legislative, executive and judicial authorities) |
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Order of acceptance of constitutions |
Constitutions accepted by a referendum (population direct vote) Constitutions accepted by elective representative bodies of the power |
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Order of change of constitutions |
Flexible constitutions - the constitutions which text is rather easy for changing (are provided the same rules which are applied to change of usual laws) Rigid constitutions - constitutions for which the special order of modification is established |
Classification of states
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Criteria of classification |
Types of states |
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Forms of government (structure and a parity of the supreme bodies of the government Формы правления (структура и соотношение высших органов государственной власти |
Republic |
Monarchy |
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Presidential republic |
Absolute monarchy |
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Parliamentary republic |
Constitutional monarchy |
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Mixed or Semi presidential republic |
Parliamentary monarchy |
Mixed monarchy |
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State system forms (the territorial -political organization of the state defining principles of mutual relations of the central and regional public authorities Формы государственного устройства (территориально-политическая организация государства, определяющая принципы взаимоотношений центральных и региональных органов государственной власти |
Unitary state
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Federation
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Confederation |
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Political mode (ways of realization of the government Политический режим (способы осуществления государственной власти) |
Democratic state
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Dictatorial state |
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Authoritative state
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Totalitarian state |
Presented classification reflects construction of public authorities and distribution of powers between various levels of administration. The choice of this or that form is defined by variety of factors - economic, territorial, historical, ethnic and other features of this or that state. Construction of authorities of the majority of the modern states is based on variety of the principles, defining their classification