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My Flat
We have a nice flat in a new block of flats. Our flat is on the fourth floor. It has all modern conveniences: central heating, gas, electricity, cold and hot water, a lift and a chute to carry rubbish down. There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a hall in our flat. The living-room is the largest and most comfortable room in the flat. In the middle of the room we have a square-table with six chairs round it. To the right of the dinner-table there is a wall-unit which has several sections: a sideboard, a wardrobe and some shelves.
At the opposite wall there is a piano and stool before it. Between the two large windows there is a little table with a colour TV set on it. Near the TV set there are two cosy armchairs. A small round table, a divan-bed and a standard lamp are in the left-hand corner. This small table is for newspapers and magazines. My father is used to having a rest sitting on this divan-bed reading books, newspapers, magazines or watching TV.
The bedroom is smaller than the living-room and not so light as there is only one window in it. In this room there are two beds with a bedside-table between them. An alarm-clock and a small lamp with a pink lamp-shade are on the table. In the left-hand corner there is a dressing-table with a big mirror.. In this room we have a built-in wardrobe with coat-hangers to-hang clothes on. There is a thick carpet on the floor and plain light-brown curtains on the window.
The third room is my study. It is not large but very cosy. There isn't much furniture in it, only the most necessary. It has a writing-table and an armchair before it. In the right-hand corner there is a bookcase full of books, magazines and newspapers. A small table with a radio is standing in the left-hand corner. Near it there is a sofa with some cushions. In my opinion, the study is the best room in our flat.
But the warmest place in our flat is the kitchen, I think — the place where the whole family gathers every evening not only to have supper together, but also to speak and rest. I like the English proverb: "My home is my castle" because my flat is, indeed, my castle.
Questions:
1. Have you a house or a flat?
2. How many rooms are there in your flat?
3. Has your flat all modern conveniences? What arе they?
4. What room is the largest in your flat?
5. What is there in the middle of the room?
6. Is there a piano in the living-room?
7. What is there near the TV set?
8. How many windows are there in the bedroom?
9. What is on the bedside-table?
10. What colour curtains are there on the window?
11. What room is very cosy?
12. Is there much furniture in the study?
13. What is there in the right-hand corner of the study?
14. What is standing in the left-hand corner?
Vocabulary:
square - квадратный
sideboard - сервант
wardrobe - шкаф
opposite - противоположный
cosy - уютный
divan-bed - диван
alarm-clock - будильник
mirror - зеркало
dressing-table - туалетный столик
lamp-shade - абажур
a built-in wardrobe - встроенный шкаф
coat-hanger - вешалка
to hang (hung) - вешать
study - кабинет
furniture - мебель
necessary pieces - необходимые вещи
cushion - диванная подушка
standart lamp - торшер
My Day off
When we have time for leisure, we usually need something that can interest and amuse us. There are several ways to do this. In big cities it's often difficult to decide where to go in the evening.
If we want to go out there are a lot of theatres, cinemas and clubs in our country where we can spend our free time. (But in small towns and villages they have no actors of their own. So they invite a group of actors from a big town to show plays.)
People who are fond of music join a musical section where they are taught to play different instruments. Those who like to dance join a dancing section.
People who are interested in sports can join sport sections such as tennis, basket-boll, chess and others. And, of course, all the people use radio or television. They switch on the radio set or TV set and choose the programme they like best of all. People who are interested in sports listen to or watch football and basket-ball matches. Everyone likes to see skating and dancing on the ice.
Some people like music. They listen to concerts of modern and old music, new and old songs and see dances. Television helps us to "visit" different lands, see fish and insects, lakes, rivers and seas. We are shown different countries, cities and people who live there. On TV people could even see both sides of the Moon.
Radio and television extend our knowledge about the world. All that we can do at home. So I think, that ways in which leisure time can be spent are different and interesting!
Questions:
1. How do you spend your leisure?
2. Do you have a lot of time for leisure?
3. Do you like to spend your leisure outdoors or at home?
4. Is it difficult to decide where to go out in evening in big cities?
5. What other ways in which leisure time can be spent do you know?
Vocabulary:
leisure — досуг
to switch on — включать
insect — насекомое
to extend — расширять
My Family
Our family is not large. We are a family of four: my father, my mother, my younger brother and I.
My name is Alma. I am nineteen. I am a student. My younger brother is ten. He is a pupil of the fifth form. He looks like our father. He has brown eyes, short straight hair. He is tall and thin. As for me everybody says I look like my mother. I have the same blue eyes, a snub nose, fair curly hair. I am not tall and 1 am not thin. I am an ordinary girl of 17.
Our family lives in Almaty. We have a nice three-roomed flat on the fourth floor of a multistoried building. We have all modern conveniences: running hot and cold water, telephone, central heating, rubbish chute. We have no gas range. All the flats in our house are provided with electric cookers. We are satisfied with our flat where we moved only a year ago.
My mother is about 40. She looks pretty well We all love dearly our Mum, and are always ready to help her about the house. We try to share our duties. Returning home after classes I usually do the shopping. 1 drop in at the bakery and at the dairy.
My younger brother also has his duties about the house. He helps mother to set the table and wash the dishes. He usually sweeps the floor and dusts the furniture. On Saturdays Dad joins us in our work about the house. He likes to make or repair something. He also likes to clean the flat with a vacuum-cleaner. I suppose it's his little hobby But speaking seriously his real hobby is taking photos. He can do it perfectly well. We have several family albums with the pictures taken by him.
My father is an engineer in computers. He is considered to be an experienced engineer. We are very proud of him but there is one unpleasant thing with this: he is always busy and very often he works overtime.
My mother is an economist. The firm she works in deals with trading. They have business in different towns of Russia. She is to go on business trips from time to time.
We have a little summer house and a lovely garden near it not far from Moscow. The nature is very beautiful there. There is a lake there. My grandparents like to live there in summer.
They don't work now. They are on pension. They live in an industrial district of the city where the air is rather polluted. That's why they are always looking forward to going to our summer house. My Granny is fond of gardening and my Grandpa likes to go fishing.
Our family is friendly. 1 like them all.
Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies most of the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. London is the capital of England, Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Cardiff— of Wales and Belfast — of Northern Ireland. The UK is a small country with an area of some 244,100 square kilometres. It occupies only 0.2 per cent of the world's land surface. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north-west, north and south-west and separated from Europe by the North Sea in the east and by the English Channel in the south. The Strait of Dover or Pas de Calais is the narrowest part of the Channel. The North Sea and the English Channel are often called "the narrow seas"; they are not deep but are frequently rough.
In the west the Irish Sea and the North Channel separate the UK from Ireland. The seas around Britain provide exceptionally good fishing grounds. The country has many bays favourable for shipping. In their shelter are Britain's main ports such as London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Hull and others.
One will not find very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain. Everything occupies very little place. Nature, it seems, has carefully adapted things to the size of the island itself. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, 4,406 feet high. The longest river is the Severn in England.
The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million people. Foreigners often call British people "English", but the Scots, the Irish and the Welsh do not consider themselves to be English. The English are Anglo-Saxon in origin, but the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish are Celts, descendants of the ancient people, who crossed over from Europe centuries before the Norman Invasion. It was this people, whom the Germanic Angles and Saxons conquered in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors gave England its name — "Angle" land. They were conquered in their turn by the Norman French, when William the Conqueror of Normandy landed near Hastings in 1066. It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons that the English people and the English language were born.
The official language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and central parts of Wales people often speak Welsh.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the worlds largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics» textile» aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In practice, the country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.
London
London is the capital of Great Britain or the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is an old city, its history counts more than two thousand years. London is both the capital oi the country and a huge port. London is situated upon both banks of the Thames, about forty miles from the mouth and is divided into two parts by the river: north and south. There are 17 bridges that cross the river. The population of London is more than 9 million people.
The history of London goes back to Roman times. Due to favourable geographical position, soon after the Roman conquest, a small town became an important trade centre. Actually, London can be divided into several parts: the City or Downtown of London, Westminster, the West End and the East End. The City is the oldest part of London with narrow streets and pavements. There are many offices, companies and banks in this part of London. The City of London is the financial centre of the United Kingdom. Only a few thousand people live there, but in the day-time it is full of people: as about half a million people come to work there. The biggest Banks and offices are concentrated in the City. The West End is the centre of London. It is full of richest hotels, largest supermarkets, best cinemas and concerthalls. There are a lot of beautiful houses and gardens. Only well-to-do people can live there.
Another important district of London is Westminster, where most of Government buildings are situated. Westminster Palace is the seat of the British Parliament. Westminster Palace was founded in 1050. It is situated in the centre of London. Many great Englishmen were buried in the Abbey: Newton, Darwin and others.
The Towers of the Houses of Parliament stand high above the city. On the highest tower there is the largest clock in the country which is known to the whole world as Big Ben. One can hear Big Ben strike every quarter of an hour. The clock «Big Ben» came into service in 1859. Big Ben is the biggest clock bell in Britain. The official London residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. It was built in the 18th century.
There are many nice squares in London. Trafalgar Square is one of them and it is in the centre of the West End. One can see a statue of Lord Nelson in the middle of this square. There are many museums, libraries and galleries in London. The Tate Gallery is one of the well-known galleries in London. Henry Tate was a sugar manufacturer. He was fond of paintings and collected many pictures. The British Museum is a very interesting place in London. It was founded in 1753. The library of this museum has lots of books.
The East End of London is the industrial area and the place where the working people live. There are many factories, workshops and docks there. The East End, lying eastwards from the City is very large and crowded. There are many cars and buses in London. There is the Tube (an underground) in London too. The underground, constructed in London, was the first underground in the World.
Questions:
1. Is London a young city?
2. Where is London situated?
3. How many bridges cross the river Thames?
4. What was that favourable feature which made London to be an important trade centre soon after the Roman conquest?
5. What is the oldest part of London?
6. What is situated in the West End?
7. Can poor people afford to live in the West End?
8. Where are most of Government buildings situated?
9. Where is the largest clock in the country located?
10. How often does Big Ben strike?
11. When did the clock «Big Ben» come into service?
12. What is the official London residence of the Queen?
13. What square is in the centre of the West End situated?
14. When was the British Museum founded?
15. How is the area where most working people live called? " 6. How is London underground called?
Vocabulary:
to count — насчитывать
huge — большой, гигантский, громадный, огромный
bank — берег (реки)
mouth — устье
due to — благодаря; вследствие; в результате
favourable — благоприятный
conquest — завоевание (процесс покорения народов, земель и т. д.)
trade — торговля
downtown — деловой район, деловая часть города, бизнес-центр
narrow — узкий, тесный
pavement — мостовая, тротуар
well-to-do people — преуспевающие, обеспеченные люди
district — район; округ; область
to be buried — быть похороненным, захороненным
to strike — ударять, бить (о часах)
quarter — четверть, пятнадцать минут
eastwards — на восток, в восточном направлении
crowded — переполненный, перенаселенный
the Tube — «труба» (Лондонское метро)
The United States of America
The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. It is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
The USA is separated from Canada in the north by the 49th parallel and the Great Lakes, and from Mexico in the south by a line following the Rio Grande River and continuing across the highlands to the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the USA is over 9 million square kilometres.
The continental part of the USA consists of the highland regions and two lowland regions. The highland regions are the Appalachia mountains in the east and the Cordillera in the west.
Between the Cordillera and the Appalachian Mountains are the central lowlands which are called the prairie, and eastern lowlands called the Mississippi valley.
The principal rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the longest river in the world (7,330 km) and the Hudson river. The climate of the USA differs greatly from one part of the country to another. The coldest climate is in the northern part, where there is heavy snow in winter and the temperature may go down to 40 degrees below zero. The south has a subtropical climate, with temperature as high as 49 degrees in summer.
The population of the United States of America is about 250 million people, who are called Americans. Most of the people live in towns and the population of the countryside is becoming smaller and smaller.
For many decades the USA has been the place where lots of people sought refuge from persecution for political or religious beliefs. That's why in America there are representatives of practically all racial and national groups. There are about 25 million Negroes in the country and a little over half a million Indians.
The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia. Washington is a beautiful administrative city with practically no industry. The USA is a highly developed industrial state. Its agriculture is also highly mechanized. There are coal-mines in the Cordillera Mountains, in the Kansas City region. Iron is mined near the Great Lakes. The USA has rich oil-fields in California, Texas and some other regions. It occupies one of the first places among the countries of the world for production of coal, iron and oil.
The USA has a highly developed motor-ear industry. It would be no exaggeration to say that cars have become the symbol of American way of life. The vehicles produced at such companies as Ford and the General Motors are known world-wide. The motor-car industry is concentrated in and around Detroit. Ship-building is developed along the Atlantic coast and in San Francisco. The textile industry is to be found in the north-east and in the south of the country.
The USA has a highly developed railway system. It also has the best network of roads in the world. They are called highways.
The USA is a federal country of 50 states and the District of Columbia. The political life of the country has always been dominated by the two major parties: the Democratic party and the Republican party. At an election time they contest presidency and the majority of seats in the Congress. The Congress is the highest legislative body of the country. It consists of two chambers — the House of Representatives and the Senate. The President, elected by the whole nation for four years, is head of the state and the Government.
Questions:
1. What kind of state is the USA?
2. Where is it situated?
3. What is the USA washed by in the east and in the west?
4. What is the USA separated from Canada by?
5. What is the total area of the country?
6. What are the principal rivers of the USA?
7. What is the population of the country?
8. Where do most people live?
9. What did many people seek in the USA?
10. Why are there representatives of all racial and national groups in America?
11. Where is the capital of the country situated?
12. Is the agriculture in America highly mechanized?
13. What raw materials is America rich in?
14. What has become the symbol of American way of life?
15. Where is the motor-car industry situated?
16. Where is the textile industry to be found?
17. Has the USA a highly developed railway system?
18. How many states are there in the USA?
19. By what party has the political life in America been dominated?
20. What do the two parties contest at an election time?
21. What is the highest legislative body of the country?
Vocabulary:
powerful — мощный
western — западный
eastern — восточный
highland regions — возвышенность
lowland regions — низменность
prairie — прерии
to seek (sought, sought) refuge — искать убежище
persecution — преследование
political and religios beliefs — политические и религиозные убеждения
rich oil fields — богатые месторождения нефти
California — Калифорния
It would be no exaggeration, o say — не бдет преувеличением сказать, что
symbol — символ
textile — текстильная промышленность
network of roads — сеть дорог
to contest presidency — оспаривать, претендовать на пост президента
the majority of seats in the Congress — большинство мест в конгрессе
the highest legislative body — высший законодательный орган
chamber — палата
Ecological Problems
Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase.
Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.
Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.
The pollution of air and the world's ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man's careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crises.
The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. About 18 percent of the territory of Byelarus were also polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and people's health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Ukrainian, Byelorussian and other nations.
Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.
Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries — members of the UNO — have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl.
An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organisation Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations.
Questions:
1. How did people live for thousands of years?
2. What cities appear all over the world today?
3. What pollutes the air we breathe?
4. What is the result of the pollution the atmosphere?
5. Why is environmental protection of a universal concern?
6. What are the initial steps in this direction?
Vocabulary:
ancient — древний
harmony — гармония
environment — окружающая среда
riches — богатства
unlimited — неограниченный
to interfere — вмешиваться
to increase — увеличиваться, возрастать
smoky — дымный
enterprises — предприятия
by-product — побочный продукт
activity — деятельность
to pollute — загрязнять
substances — вещества
oxigen — кислород
rare — редкий
destruction — разрушение
ozone — озон
layer — слой
interaction — взаимодействие
horrible — ужасный
disaster — катастрофа
to befall — пасть (на что-то)
Agriculture of Kazakhstan
The development of the virgin lands of Kazakhstan has had a favorable effect on the growth of livestock breeding as well. In the past thirty-odd years, the head of cattle and sheep doubled and that of pigs increased sixfold in Kazakhstan agriculture.
Kazakhstan ranks second in the FSU (Former Soviet Union), next only to Russian Federation, in the head of sheep and third, next to Russian Federation and Ukraine, in the head of cattle and horses. Besides that, camel, maral (a subspecies of red deer) and fur animal breeding is well developed in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan agriculture has more than 165 million hectares of pastures, not counting over 50 million hectares of the so-called unsuitable lands such as sands, solonchaks (saline lands), takyrs, brushlands and riverside tugais (almost impassable brushwoods). Hundreds of millions of head of sheep can be grazed on this vast area of Kazakhstan.
In the recent past only fat-rumped, coarse-hair sheep famous for their robustness and endurance were bred in Kazakhstan. Today fine-fleece and semifine-wool sheep breeding has become widespread all over the country, and in the southern districts Karakul sheep farming is widely practiced.
Livestock breeding in Kazakhstan is a highly mechanized industry based on the latest achievements of science and technology. Kazakhstan allocates huge funds for its further development. Hundreds of urban-type settlements with wide streets, blocks of flats that are supplied with water and electricity, and gardens have sprung up in the desert and semi-desert of Kazakhstan. The necessary funds have been allocated for the construction of motor roads, dwelling houses and production.
Agricultural Sector
Agriculture is considered to be one of the key sectors of the Kazakh economy. Kazakhstan is rich in land resources: more than 74 percent of the country’s territory is suitable for agricultural production, representing 5.5 percent of GDP and employing over 20 percent of the labour force, with 43 percentof the population living in rural areas.
Kazakhstan is one of the world’s major wheat and flour exporters. It is among the 10 largest wheat producers. The main grain crop is milling wheat, which is typically high in quality and protein. There is a growing trend for Kazakhstan to export its grain internationally. In 2011, the country netted a record crop – nearly 27m tonnes , which enabled it to set its grain export target at nearly 15m tonnes for the 2011/2012 marketing year.
Kazakhstan also exports large amounts of cotton, leather and wool. In seven years, agricultural exports may reach the level of Eastern European countries. The total area of agricultural land resources in Kazakhstan is 222.6 million hectares (ha). Of these, 24 million ha (10.8 percent) are covered by tilled fields, five million ha (2.2 percent) by hayfields and 189 million ha (85 percent) by pasture. The rural population is 7.3 million people, which represents 43 percent of the total population. Meanwhile, according to the World Bank, Kazakhstan’s labour efficiency in agriculture is five times lower than in Eastern Europe, even lower than Russia and Ukraine. Other food crops include barley, maize, rice, potatoes, soybeans, sugar beet, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, flax and mustard. Cotton is the most important industrial crop grown on the irrigated land of southern Kazakhstan. Orchards and vineyards are widespread. The rich soil and climate provide ideal conditions for growing wheat, barley, rice, corn, millet and buckwheat. In 2012, the total crop area reached 21.3 million ha. Corn and beans will be sown on 16.5 million ha while oilseed will occupy 1.7 million ha.
To satisfy the demands of the livestock industry, forage cultures were expanded by 95,000 ha; areas for fruit and vegetables grew by 25,000 ha and by 17,000 ha for sugar beet. Effective methods of cultivation were employed actively in 2011. Moisture–and resource-saving technologies were introduced in order to cultivate 11.2 million ha, which amounts to 68 percent of the total sown area. That is more than the previous level by 650,000 ha, or six percent. In addition, 8.1 million ha of grain, or nearly half of the cultivated area, were planted with modern crops.
For a country with a long nomadic history, it is not surprising that stockbreeding is the traditional and dominant agricultural sector. No less than three quarters of all agricultural land is used for grazing. Sheep breeding is predominant, while cattle breeding and the raising of pigs, horses and camels are also well developed. Animal husbandry typically accounts for about 45-50 percent of the production value in agriculture in Kazakhstan. Primary meat products include beef, veal, chicken, horse, lamb, pork and rabbit.
The livestock sector is gradually growing. During 2011-2012, the output of meat rose by 3.0 percent, egg production went up by 12.6 percent and milk output rose by 1.4 percent. Similarly, herd sizes are recovering after a period in the 1990s in which livestock were being slaughtered for meat but not replaced. As of 1 January 2012, in comparison with the previous year, the number of head of cattle increased by 1.1 percent, sheep by 3.5 percent, horses by 3.1 percent, hogs by 2.3 percent and birds by 1.1 percent.
In 2010-2011, National Holding KazAgro allocated KZT 94.3 billion ($629.3 million) for 86 projects, including the construction of greenhouses, poultry farms, feedlots, meat-packing factories, milk farms, infrastructure for grain exports and the development of processing industry. As of 1 January 2012, 32 projects worth KZT 29 billion ($193 million) were completed, which created 2,000 jobs. One such project is a joint venture established between Global Beef Consultants LLC (Bismarck, North Dakota) and the Kazakh government. Since 2010, the joint venture has imported 2,040 Angus and Hereford cattle from North Dakota. Ultimately the number of cattle is planned to reach 40,000. The $50 million project also includes the construction of two 2,500-animal breeding facilities and a feedlot.
Kazakhstan is already the fourth-largest importer of North Dakota products, mostly farm machinery. The state exported $40.3 million in goods last year, up from $25 million in 2005. The government of North Dakota opened a trade office in Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstan government is looking for agricultural investors from the United States. It has allocated land to be rented by foreign investors for as long as 10 years. Modern technologies are also being brought to Kazakhstan from the United States. In order to support this industry, the government is implementing several programs to improve the investment climate for farming in Kazakhstan. In 2011, government subsidies for agriculture amounted to KZT 58 billion ($387 million), which is greater than the KZT 13.6 billion ($90.7 million) allocated in 2010. To support seed production, the government allocated KZT 2.2 billion ($14.7 million), higher than the KZT 108 million ($720,721) in 2010. More than KZT 4.2 billion ($28.0 million) were budgeted for livestock breeding programs, higher than KZT 740.4 million ($4.9 million) in 2010. Almost KZT 13.1 billion ($87.4 million) were spent on improving the productivity and quality of livestock production, which considerably exceeds the level of subsidies in 2010 – KZT 76 million ($507,173).
Our university
The Kazakh National Agrarian University was established by the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan in April 1996. It brought together the former Kazakh Agriculture Institute and Almaty Veterinary Institute which have trained over 60000 specialists, many of whom have become leading experts in the agriculture sector of Kazakhstan.
The Kazakh National Agrarian University trains specialists in the agricultural and agribusiness sectors. The university promotes research, development and training opportunities for academic and teaching staff. It publishes text books, materials and journals.
The university as leading university of agriculture also coordinates the activities of the agricultural educational institutions in the regions. The university comprises 58 Chairs. The university teaching staff is 779 people, among them 12 Academicians and Correspondent members of Kazakhstan Academy of Science, 86 Professors and Doctors of Sciences, 413 Assistant professors and Candidates of Sciences.
The university researchers undertake researches on essential issues of agro economic science in Kazakhstan, an economy in many branches: Biology, Veterinary techniques, Land Cultivation, Plant growing. They have been recognized not only in Kazakhstan but in many countries of the world.
It has close contacts with many agriculture universities of the CIS and with foreign training and research centers.
The university has 4 institutes for training scientific research and production. These include Agricultural Biology, Veterinary, Economics and Business, Forestry and Horticulture and Engineering. At the university undergraduate students can specialize in various fields: Agronomy, Agro products, Standardization and Certification of agricultural products and Vegetable growing, Forestry, Fruit growing, Hunting and Land Use, Veterinary Medicine, Sanitary, Production and Processing of Livestock Products, Livestock Breeding and Biotechnology, Rural Mechanization and Electrification, Economy and Management, Accounting and Audit, Finance and Credit, International Economic Relations and Agrarian Law.
The University has 10 buildings, it has 10 hostels with accommodations for 3000 students, 2 libraries (80 000 books) with study facilities. 3 field stations and the computer centre.
The university has celebrated its 80th anniversary in 2010.
Answer the questions.
My future profession
Finishing school is the beginning of the independent life for millions of school leavers. Many roads are opened before them: vocational and technical schools, institutes and universities. But it is not an easy thing to choose a profession out of more than 2.000 existing in the world. Some pupils do this still at the industrial training centers, some follow the advice of their parents, others can’t decide even after leaving school.
As for me I made my choice long ago. I want to become a teacher of English. My choice of this occupation didn’t come as a sudden flash. During all school years English was my favourite subject. I would like to teach my pupils to enjoy reading, to encourage them to learn the English language, which is the source of culture.
My parents are also teachers and I know that teaching is a very specific and difficult job. It shouldn’t be taken easy. The teacher is a person who is learning as well as teaching all his life. Most jobs can be done within the usual office hours of 9 a.m.-5 p.m., but teacher’s work is never done and evenings are mostly spend preparing for the next lesson. It is a quite a stressful job because you have to encourage your pupils and keep them interested.
Teachers do not only teach their subjects. They bring up the younger generation in spirit of high moral ideals. They develop their pupils’ intellect, form their views and characters, their attitudes to life and to other people. It is a great responsibility and the teacher must be a modal of competence himself.
It’s not easy as it may seem at first. But I think that love for combined with the knowledge. I’ll get at the University would be quite enough to succeed in my work. I am sure my dream will come true sooner or later.
Answer the questions.
1. Is there a great variety of jobs in our country?
2. Can our young people choose any profession they like?
3. Is higher education available to those who work?
4. Is it easy to choose a profession?
5. What profession can you get at the University?
6. When did you decide to become a teacher?
7. Who helped you to make your choice?
8. What was your favourite subject at school?
9. Why have you chosen the teacher’s profession?
10. Do you know much about your future profession?
11. What quality must a good teacher possess?
12. What must his attitude towards children be?
13. A good teacher must keep on learning all his life, mustn’t he?