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Text IV.
Exercise 1. Study the new words.
interchangeably взаимозаменяемо
massive грандиозный, огромный
unlike в отличии от
host главный, узловой компьютер
by design намеренно, умышленно
accommodate адаптироваться
broadband широкополостной
characteristic параметр
via (лат.) путь, через
protocol регламентированные правила передачи
данных в локальных сетях
HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) протокол передачи гипертекста
application приложение, прикладная программа
hyperlink гиперссылка
rely on зависеть от
portion часть, доля
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.
The Difference between the Internet and the Web.
1. Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (the Web) interchangeably, but in fact the two terms are not synonymous. The Internet and the Web are two separate but related things.
2. The Internet is the massive networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet service to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community. Amazingly, this anarchy by design works very well. The Internet is changing to accommodate another generation of network technologies with different characteristics and requirements, from broadband residential access to satellites.
3. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols. The Web is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data. Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share information. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video.
4. The Web is just one of the ways that information can be spread over the Internet. The Internet, not the Web, is also used for e-mail, which relies on Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Usenet news groups, instant messaging and the File Transfer Protocol. Thus the Web is just a portion of the Internet, so the two terms are not synonymous.
Exercise 3.Find in the text English equivalents for the following words and expressions.
взаимосвязанные вещи, сетевая инфраструктура, в мировом масштабе, оперативная информационная служба, предоставлять, интернет сообщество, удивительно, сетевые технологии, требования, абонентский доступ, с помощью средств интернета, для передачи данных, алгоритм, использовать программы просмотра, распространять.
Exercise 4. Match the words with their explanations.
1.Computer a) information in a form that can be stored and used;
2. Data b) a set of choices that a computer uses to solve
a problem
3. Program c) an electronic machine that can store information and
do things with it according to a set of instructions
called a program
4. Protocol d) a set of instructions given to a computer to make it
perform an operation
5. Logic e) a method for connecting computers so that they can
exchange information
Exercise 5. Find the main idea of the text.
1. The Internet and the Web work together since they are the same thing.
2. The Web is based on HTTP which allows access to any web page.
3. The Internet is the large infrastructure that contains the World Wide Web.
4. People cannot live without the Internet and the World Wide Web.