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НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ БИЗНЕСА
Заочный факультет экономики и права
Раздаточный материал заочного факультета для направления подготовки
«Экономика» - 080100, «Менеджмент» - 080200 квалификации «Бакалавр»
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Рабочая тетрадь II семестра для выполнения контрольных и практических упражнений
Студент__________________________________________________
(фамилия, имя, отчество)
Курс___________, группа_____________, специальность__________________
Преподаватель___________________
(фамилия, инициалы,
________________________________
ученое звание, степень)
Зачтено Не зачтено ___________________
(Ненужное зачеркнуть) (Подпись проверяющего)
"___"_________201____г. "_________" ____________________
Москва 201
Выучить слова и выражения в прямом и обратном переводе для:
ПРЯМОЙ ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ
|
abbreviate |
сократить |
|
accounting |
бухгалтерский учет |
|
accounts payable (or payables) |
счета кредиторов, кредиторская задолженность |
|
accounts receivable (or recei-vables) |
счета дебиторов, деби торская задолжен ность |
|
ad campaign |
рекламная кампания |
|
adaptation |
что-либо переделанное, приспособленное |
|
administrator |
управляющий, администратор |
|
advantage |
преимущество |
|
advertise |
помещать объявления, рекламировать |
|
agenda |
повестка дня, расписание |
|
agent middleman |
посредник между производителем и покупателем |
|
annuities |
аннуитет, ежегодная выплата |
|
applicant |
кандидат на должность |
|
appraisal |
оценка |
|
assets |
активы |
|
assortment |
ассортимент |
|
at length |
и сейчас |
|
attract a large amount of capital |
привлекать большой капитал |
|
attract financial resources |
привлекать финансовые ресурсы |
|
baggage claim |
получение багажа |
|
balance sheet |
баланс, отчет |
|
balance sheet |
балансовый отчет |
|
banner ad |
реклама в интернете; рекламный баннер |
|
bar chart |
таблица-график |
|
be competent |
быть компетентным |
|
be legally responsible |
быть юридически ответственным |
|
be suitable for the position - |
соответствовать должности |
|
be tied in with the company product |
иметь отношение к конечному продукту |
|
bear market |
рынок с понижательной тенденцией |
|
bearish |
пессимист («медведь» при биржевой игре) |
|
belly up |
провалиться, обанкро титься |
|
bond |
облигация |
|
bond |
долговое обязательство, облигация |
|
bottom line |
итог, практический результат; основной момент |
|
brainstorming |
«мозговой штурм» |
|
break-even point |
состояние рентабельности |
|
briefly |
коротко, кратко |
|
broker |
брокер |
|
brokerage firm |
брокерская компания |
|
browse |
бродить по Интернету |
|
browser |
доступ в Интернет |
|
btack tie |
«При галстуках» — в очень формальном стиле |
|
bull market |
рынок с повышательной тенденцией |
|
bullish |
оптимист (бык) |
|
bureacratic |
бюрократический |
|
capital gains |
прирост капитала; прибыль на капитал |
|
carry on a business |
вести дело |
|
cash flow |
кассовые поступления |
|
cd rom |
компакт диск |
|
certificate of deposit (cd) |
депозитный сертификат |
|
charter |
учреждать, создавать |
|
chat room |
чат ( в интернете) |
|
closing of the gaps |
сближение границ |
|
collateral |
дополнительное обеспечение |
|
collection agency |
инкассационная компания |
|
collector |
сборщик |
|
commercial |
коммерческая реклама |
|
commercial bank |
коммерческий банк |
|
commission |
комиссионные |
|
commodities |
предметы (товары) потребления |
|
competitive |
конкурентный |
|
complex |
сложный |
|
concierge |
консьерж |
|
connector |
союз (грам.) |
|
consider |
рассматривать, принимать во внимание |
|
consulting firm |
консультационная фирма |
|
consumer |
потребитель |
|
corporation |
корпорация |
|
cost-effective |
рентабельный (стоящий затрат) |
|
cost-push inflation |
инфляция, вызванная ростом издержек производ ства, инфляция издержек |
|
cover costs |
покрывать затраты |
|
credit |
кредит |
|
credit terms |
кредитные условия |
|
credit terms |
кредитные условия |
|
creditor |
кредитор |
|
creditworthy |
кредитоспособность |
|
culture shock |
культурный шок |
|
currency |
валюта, деньги |
|
customer accounting option |
операции расчета с клиентом |
|
cyberspace |
«сеть» (кибернетичес кое пространство) |
|
deadline |
последний срок |
|
deal |
соглашение |
|
debt |
долг |
|
debt funding - |
предприятия образование денежного фонда предприятия с помощью займа |
|
delegate authority |
распределять обязанности |
|
demand-pull inflation |
- инфляция, вызванная превышением спроса над предложением, инфляция спроса |
|
disadvantage |
недостаток |
|
discount |
скидка |
|
discount brokerage |
инвестиционная компания, предлагающая скидку на комиссионные |
|
diskette |
дискета |
|
distribution |
сбыт, распределение |
|
distribution operations - |
распределительные |
|
dividend |
дивиденд |
|
download |
загрузить |
|
earn salary |
зарабатывать жалование |
|
educational, religious, charitable institutions |
образовательные, религиозные, благотворительные учреждения |
|
efficiency |
эффективность, производительность |
|
|
электронная почта |
|
employee |
служащий, работающий по найму |
|
employer |
наниматель, работодатель |
|
employment agency |
агентство по найму |
|
encrypt |
зашифровать |
|
encryption |
кодирование |
|
entails enormously high rates of inflation |
означает (ведет к) громадный рост инфляции |
|
equipment leasing |
прокат оборудования |
|
equity funding |
акционерный (долевой) способ образования денежного фонда |
|
equity line |
предел кредита (базирующийся на стоимости имущества) |
|
establish |
учреждать |
|
estate planning |
планирование с уче том имущественных вопросов |
|
evaluate |
оценивать |
|
evaluate through interviews |
оценивать через интервью |
|
exchange currency |
обменивать валюту |
|
executive |
руководитель, администратор |
|
experience |
рабочий опыт |
|
finance (noun and verb) |
финансы, финансировать |
|
financial plan |
план финансирования |
|
financials |
финансовые документы (баланс, ведомость доходов) |
|
firm's financial condition |
финансовое положение фирмы |
|
fiscal |
финансовый |
|
flyer |
«летучка» (реклама или объявление на распространение) |
|
foreign exchange department |
отдел обмена валюты |
|
foreman |
мастер, руководитель |
|
general partner |
общий партнер (несущий полную юридическую ответственность за дело) |
|
give instructions |
давать инструкции |
|
give orders |
отдавать приказы |
|
global company |
международная компания |
|
goods |
товары |
|
grocery |
бакалейная торговля |
|
gross |
брутто: валовый |
|
handle |
1) управлять, 2) торговать (амер.) |
|
hard sell |
усиление рекламиро вания товаров |
|
have direct authority over smb. |
иметь прямую власть над кем-либо |
|
head of department |
руководитель отдела |
|
hence |
следовательно |
|
hold a position |
занимать должность |
|
holders of the shares - |
держатели акций |
|
holding a line |
«He вешайте трубки» |
|
home page |
личная, персональная страница |
|
horizontal axis |
горизонтальная ось |
|
icon |
иконка (компьютер ный термин) |
|
in order to improve their profit margins |
чтобы увеличить прибыль (раз меры прибыли) |
|
income |
доход |
|
income statement |
отчет о прибылях и убытках |
|
income statement - |
отчет о доходах |
|
income stream (or stream of income) |
денежные потоки |
|
indent |
делать отступ |
|
independent |
независимый |
|
indirect channels |
непрямая, опосредованная система (сбыта) |
|
inflow |
приток (здесь денег) |
|
influence |
влиять |
|
innovation |
нововведение, новшество |
|
insurance |
страхование |
|
insurmountable |
неисчислимые, колоссальные |
|
interest |
процент |
|
interest - |
доля, фиксированный процент |
|
internet |
интернет |
|
inventory - |
материально- |
|
inventory control |
инвентаризационный контроль |
|
invoice |
счет-фактура |
|
IRA |
личный, пенсионный фонд |
|
issue stock |
выпускать акции |
|
jet plane |
реактивный самолет |
|
kickback |
взятка, возврат денег (законный, незакон ный) |
|
law |
зд. юриспруденция |
|
letter of credit |
аккредитив |
|
level |
уровень |
|
liabilities |
долги, обязательства |
|
limited partner |
партнер с ограниченной юридической ответственностью |
|
line department |
линейный отдел (имеющий непосредственное отношение к конечному продукту) |
|
line of credit (or credit line) |
кредитный лимит |
|
link |
связующий элемент |
|
link |
звено, связь |
|
liquid |
ликвидный |
|
liquidate |
конвертировать в наличные; ликвидировать долги |
|
little available labor |
мало рабочей силы |
|
loan rates |
процент по займу |
|
mailer |
информация по почте |
|
mail-order house |
посылторг |
|
manager |
управляющий, администратор |
|
marketable |
ходкий, быстро реализуемый(товар) |
|
marketing |
маркетинг |
|
marketing |
продажа, сбыт, маркетинг |
|
marketing mix |
комплекс маркетинга |
|
marketing research - |
изучение рынка сбыта |
|
may pose few difficulties |
особых проблем не представляет |
|
measure |
измерить |
|
memorandum (or memo) |
записка |
|
merchandise |
товары |
|
merchant wholesaler |
оптовый скупщик |
|
middleman |
посредник, комиссионер |
|
mild inflation |
мягкая, низкая инфляция |
|
modem |
модем |
|
modification |
модификация, видоизменение |
|
money market funds |
фонды денежного рынка |
|
mortgage |
ипотека, залог, закладная |
|
movement |
движение к объединению |
|
multinational corporation |
Международная корпорация |
|
mutual funds |
совместные, объеди ненные фонды |
|
national bank |
национальный банк |
|
negotiable - |
оборотный, могущий быть переуступленным, купленным, проданным |
|
negotiate purchases or sales |
вести переговоры по поводу купли или продажи |
|
net |
нетто (конечный, чистый) |
|
net |
«нет» — сокращенно от интернет |
|
net assets - |
стоимость имущества за вычетом обязательств |
|
net worth |
собственный капитал предприятия |
|
nonprofit |
неприбыльный |
|
note |
зд. долговая расписка |
|
occur |
происходить |
|
offer high salaries |
предлагать высокие зарплаты |
|
oil prospecting |
добыча нефти |
|
on-line |
«на связи» |
|
option |
выбор |
|
organization structure |
организационная структура |
|
outflow - |
утечка (здесь денег) |
|
outgrowth |
продукт, результат |
|
outstrip |
обгонять, опережать, превосходить |
|
overall financial structure |
полная финансовая структура |
|
owing to trade union militancy |
благодаря воинственности профсоюзов |
|
ownership |
собственность |
|
packaging |
упаковка |
|
partnership |
партнерство |
|
patent |
патент |
|
pay out |
выплачивать |
|
payment of expense |
оплата расходов |
|
peak |
вершина |
|
pension plan |
пенсионный план |
|
persistent rise |
неуклонный, постоянный подъем |
|
personnel office |
отдел кадров |
|
pie chart |
диаграмма в виде диска, круговая диаграмма |
|
placement |
размещение |
|
point-of-sale |
«товар по распродаже» |
|
position |
должность |
|
potential benefits |
потенциальные выгоды |
|
predict |
предсказывать |
|
preparation of payrolls |
подготовка ведомостей |
|
presentation |
презентация |
|
price competition |
конкуренции в ценообразовании |
|
pricing |
оценка, установка цены |
|
pricing |
калькуляции цен |
|
prime rate |
лучший, выгодный процент, тарифная ставка |
|
pro forma |
предварительный, ориентировочный |
|
process data |
обрабатывать данные |
|
producer |
производитель |
|
product development |
развитие производства |
|
product planning |
разработка новых продуктов |
|
profit |
прибыль |
|
profitability- |
прибыльность |
|
promotion |
содействие в продаже (какого-либо товара) например, с помощью рекламы |
|
property |
собственность, имущество |
|
proposal |
предложение |
|
prospecting |
поиск клиентов |
|
provide channels |
обеспечивать системой (сбыта) |
|
provide data |
обеспечивать данными |
|
pull |
тянуть |
|
purchase |
покупка, купля. |
|
pursue unsound price policies |
вести неразумную цeнообразовательную политику |
|
push |
толкать |
|
put data |
закладывать данные |
|
quarrying industries |
добывающие промышленности |
|
rate |
процент |
|
ratio analysis |
анализ коэффициентов |
|
real estate |
имущество |
|
real estate |
недвижимость |
|
rebate |
возврат денег |
|
receive • |
получать |
|
receive commissions |
получать комиссионные (процент от продажи) |
|
record |
документ, запись, протокол, записывать, регистрировать |
|
red-tape |
зд. бюрократическая, канцелярская работа |
|
reinvest |
вкладывать еще раз |
|
relationship |
взаимоотношение |
|
resume |
резюме |
|
retail |
розница |
|
retailer -chain |
розничный торговец |
|
retailing |
розничная продажа |
|
Return on Investment Ratio- |
коэффициент возвращения инвестиций |
|
room service |
обслуживание в номере |
|
run a corporation |
руководить корпорацией |
|
sales campaign |
рекламная кампания |
|
sales manager |
управляющий по торговле |
|
salesman |
продавец, торговец |
|
satellite communication |
спутниковая связь |
|
screening a call |
проверка звонков |
|
secret partner |
секретный партнер (с правом голоса, но неизвестный общественности как партнер) |
|
securities |
ценные бумаги |
|
set objectives |
ставить цели |
|
set prices |
устанавливать цены |
|
silent partner |
партнер без права голоса |
|
small talk |
небольшая беседа |
|
soft sell |
«мягкая» реклама товаров |
|
software |
программное обеспечение |
|
solve mathematical problems |
решать математические задачи |
|
spend |
тратить |
|
staff department |
штабной отдел (не имеющий прямого отношения к производству, но его обслуживающий) |
|
state bank |
государственный банк |
|
statement profit and loss (the p&l) |
отчет о прибыли и убытках |
|
statement of net worth |
отчет о собственном капитале |
|
statute |
законодательный акт |
|
stock |
акционерный капитал; акции |
|
stock certificate |
сертификат акций, акция |
|
stockbroker |
брокер; посредник |
|
stockbrokerage |
биржевое маклерство |
|
stockholder (shareholder) |
акционер, держатель акций |
|
stockholder's equity |
средства держателей акций |
|
storage |
хранение |
|
storing |
складирование, хранение |
|
stretch |
натягивать, напрягать |
|
stuff |
штат |
|
supervise |
заведовать, контролировать |
|
supplies - |
ресурсы |
|
supply and demand |
предложение и спрос |
|
surfing the net |
просмотр сети (серфинг по сети) |
|
tabloid |
журнал сенсаций |
|
take orders |
принимать приказы |
|
take title to the goods |
приобретать товар как собственность |
|
technical analysis |
технический анализ |
|
there is little scope |
мало возможностей |
|
tied up |
занятой |
|
total sales |
совокупная продажа |
|
trade-in allowance- |
сумма денег, отданная за старую вещь и включенная в счет покупки новой |
|
traffic |
торговля |
|
transaction |
сделка, банковская операция |
|
transporting |
транспортировка |
|
treasuries |
казначейские бумаги |
|
trend |
общее направление, направление, тенденция |
|
trough |
впадина |
|
turn a profit |
обернуть в прибыль |
|
two sets of qualifications |
два вида характеристик |
|
ultimate consumer |
конечный потребитель |
|
url (uniform resource locator) |
единая система разме щения (в интернете) |
|
user |
потребитель |
|
valuable source - |
ценный источник |
|
value |
ценность, стоимость |
|
varies considerably in its extent and severity |
бывает разной по длительности и остроте |
|
vending machine operator |
оператор торговых автоматических машин (продающих мелкие товары: газеты, сигареты и т.д.) |
|
venture capital |
стартовый капитал |
|
vertical axis |
вертикальная ось |
|
vice president |
вице-президент |
|
visual aid |
наглядное пособие |
|
voice mail |
звуковое письмо |
|
warehousing |
складирование товаров |
|
wholesale unit |
зд. контора по оптовой торговле |
|
wholesaling |
оптовая торговля |
|
wholesaling middleman |
оптовый посредник (скупщик) |
|
wire funds |
«Мани-грамм» (перевод денег по телеграфному каналу) |
|
with no corresponding rise in output |
не сопровождающийся подъемом производства |
|
work under pressure |
работать по принуждению |
|
www (world wide web) |
часть интернета |
ОБРАТНЫЙ ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ
|
агентство по найму |
employment agency |
|
аккредитив |
letter of credit |
|
активы |
assets |
|
акционер, держатель акций |
stockholder (shareholder) |
|
акционерный (долевой) способ образования денежного фонда |
equity funding - |
|
акционерный капитал; акции |
stock |
|
акция |
stock sertificate |
|
анализ коэффициентов |
ratio analysis |
|
аннуитет, ежегодная выплата |
annuities |
|
ассортимент |
assortment |
|
бакалейная торговля |
grocery |
|
баланс, отчет, балансовый отчет |
balance sheet |
|
биржевое маклерство |
stockbrokerage |
|
благодаря воинственности профсоюзов |
owing to trade union militancy |
|
бродить по интернету |
browse |
|
брокер |
broker |
|
брокер; посредник |
stockbroker |
|
брокерская компания |
brokerage firm |
|
брутто, валовый |
gross |
|
бухгалтерский учет |
accounting |
|
бывает разной по длительности и остроте |
varies considerably in its extent and severity |
|
быть компетентным |
be competent |
|
быть юридически ответственным |
be legally responsible |
|
бюрократическая, канцелярская работа |
red-tape |
|
бюрократический |
bureacratic |
|
валюта, деньги |
currency |
|
вертикальная ось |
vertical axis |
|
вершина |
peak |
|
вести дело |
carry on a business |
|
вести неразумную цeнообразова-тельную политику |
pursue unsound price policies |
|
вести переговоры по поводу купли или продаже |
negotiate purchases or sales |
|
взаимоотношение |
relationship |
|
взятка, возврат денег (законный, незакон ный) |
kickback |
|
вице-президент |
vice president |
|
вкладывать еще раз |
reinvest |
|
влиять |
influence |
|
возврат денег |
rebate |
|
впадина |
trough |
|
выбор |
option |
|
выплачивать |
pay out |
|
выпускать акции |
issue stock |
|
горизонтальная ось |
horizontal axis |
|
государственный банк |
state bank |
|
громадный рост инфляции |
high rates of inflation |
|
давать инструкции |
give instructions |
|
два вида характеристик |
two sets of qualifications |
|
движение к объединению |
movement |
|
делать отступ |
indent |
|
денежные потоки |
income stream (or stream of income) |
|
депозитный сертификат |
certificate of deposit (cd) |
|
держатели акций |
holders of the shares |
|
диаграмма в виде диска, круговая диа грамма грамма |
pie chart |
|
дивиденд |
dividend |
|
дискета |
diskette |
|
добывающие промышленности |
quarrying industries |
|
добыча нефти |
oil prospecting |
|
документ, запись, протокол, записывать, регистрировать |
record |
|
долг |
debt |
|
долги, обязательства |
liabilities |
|
долговая расписка |
note |
|
долговое обязательство, облигация |
bond |
|
должность |
position |
|
доля, фиксированный процент |
interest |
|
дополнительное обеспечение |
collateral |
|
доступ в интернет |
browser |
|
доход |
income |
|
единая система разме щения (в интернете) |
URL (uniform resource locator) |
|
журнал сенсаций |
tabloid |
|
заведовать, контролировать |
supervise |
|
загрузить |
download |
|
закладывать данные |
put data |
|
законодательный акт |
statute |
|
занимать должность |
hold a position |
|
занятой |
tied up |
|
записка |
memorandum (or memo) |
|
зарабатывать жалование |
earn salary - |
|
зашифровать |
encrypt |
|
звено, связь |
link |
|
звуковое письмо |
voice mail |
|
и сейчас |
at length |
|
измерить |
measure |
|
изучение рынка сбыта |
marketing research - |
|
иконка (компьютер ный термин) |
icon |
|
иметь отношение к конечному продукту |
be tied in with the company product |
|
иметь прямую власть над кем-либо |
have direct authority over smb. |
|
имущество |
real estate |
|
инвентаризационный контроль |
inventory control |
|
инвестиционная компания, предлагающая скидку на комиссионные |
discount brokerage |
|
инкассационная компания |
collection agency |
|
интернет |
internet |
|
инфляция, вызванная превышением спроса над предложением, инфляция спроса |
demand-pull inflation |
|
инфляция, вызванная ростом издержек производ ства, инфляция издержек |
cost-push inflation |
|
информация по почте |
mailer |
|
ипотека, залог, закладная |
mortgage |
|
итог, практический результат; основной момент |
bottom line |
|
казначейские бумаги |
treasuries |
|
калькуляции цен |
pricing |
|
кандидат на должность |
applicant |
|
кассовые поступления |
cash flow |
|
кодирование |
encryption |
|
комиссионные |
commission |
|
коммерческая реклама |
commercial |
|
коммерческий банк |
commercial bank |
|
компакт диск |
cd rom |
|
комплекс маркетинга |
marketing mix |
|
конвертировать в наличные; ликвидировать долги |
liquidate |
|
конечный потребитель |
ultimate consumer |
|
конкурентный |
competitive |
|
конкуренции в ценообразовании |
price competition |
|
консультационная фирма |
consulting firm |
|
консьерж |
concierge |
|
контора по оптовой торговле |
wholesale unit |
|
коротко, кратко |
briefly |
|
корпорация |
corporation |
|
коэффициент возвращения инвестиций |
Return on Investment Ratio |
|
кредит |
credit |
|
кредитные условия |
credit terms |
|
кредитные условия |
credit terms |
|
кредитный лимит |
line of credit (or credit line) |
|
кредитор |
creditor |
|
кредитоспособность |
creditworthy |
|
культурный шок |
culture shock |
|
летучка (реклама или объявление на распространение) |
flyer |
|
ликвидный |
liquid |
|
линейный отдел (имеющий непосредственное отношение к конечному продукту) |
line department |
|
личная, персональная страница |
home page |
|
личный, пенсионный фонд |
IRA |
|
лучший, выгодный процент, тарифная ставка |
prime rate |
|
мало возможностей |
there is little scope |
|
мало рабочей силы |
little available labor |
|
Мани-грамм (перевод денег по телеграфному каналу) |
wire funds |
|
маркетинг |
marketing |
|
мастер, руководитель |
foreman |
|
материально- |
inventory - |
|
международная компания |
global company |
|
международная корпорация |
multinational corporation |
|
модем |
modem |
|
модификация, видоизменение |
modification |
|
«мозговой штурм» |
brainstorming |
|
мягкая реклама товаров |
soft sell |
|
мягкая, низкая инфляция |
mild inflation |
|
на связи |
on-line |
|
наглядное пособие |
visual aid |
|
наниматель, работодатель |
employer |
|
направление, тенденция |
trend |
|
натягивать, напрягать |
stretch |
|
национальный банк |
national bank |
|
нe вешайте трубки |
holding a line |
|
небольшая беседа |
small talk |
|
недвижимость |
real estate |
|
недостаток |
disadvantage |
|
независимый |
independent |
|
неисчислимые, колоссальные |
insurmountable |
|
неприбыльный |
nonprofit |
|
непрямая, опосредованная система (сбыта) |
indirect channels |
|
несопровождающийся подъемом производства |
with no corresponding rise in output |
|
нетто (конечный, чистый) |
net |
|
неуклонный, постоянный подъем |
persistent rise |
|
нововведение, новшество |
innovation |
|
«нeт»— сокращенное от интернет |
net |
|
обгонять, опережать, превосходить |
outstrip |
|
обернуть в прибыль |
turn a profit |
|
обеспечивать данными |
provide data |
|
обеспечивать системой (сбыта) |
provide channels |
|
облигация |
bond |
|
обменивать валюту |
exchange currency |
|
оборотный, могущий быть переуступленным, купленным, проданным |
negotiable - |
|
обрабатывать данные |
process data |
|
образование денежного фонда предприятия с помощью займа |
debt funding |
|
образовательные, религиозные, благотворительные учреждения |
educational, religious, charitable institutions |
|
обслуживание в номере |
room service |
|
общий партнер (несущий полную юридическую ответственность за дело) |
general partner |
|
означает (ведет к) |
entails enormously |
|
оператор торговых автоматических машин (продающих мелкие товары: газеты, сигареты и т.д.) |
vending machine operator |
|
операции расчета с клиентом |
customer accounting option |
|
оплата расходов |
payment of expense |
|
оптимист (бык) |
bullish |
|
оптовая торговля |
wholesaling |
|
оптовый посредник (скупщик) |
wholesaling middleman |
|
оптовый скупщик |
merchant wholesaler |
|
организационная структура |
organization structure |
|
особых проблем не представляет |
may pose few difficulties |
|
отдавать приказы |
give orders |
|
отдел кадров |
personnel office |
|
отдел обмена валюты |
foreign exchange department |
|
отчет о доходах |
income statement |
|
отчет о прибыли и убытках |
statement of profit and loss (the p&l) |
|
отчет о прибылях и убытках |
income statement |
|
отчет о собственном капитале |
statement of net worth |
|
оценивать |
evaluate |
|
оценивать через интервью |
evaluate through interviews |
|
оценка |
appraisal |
|
оценка, установка цены |
pricing |
|
партнер без права голоса |
silent partner |
|
партнер с ограниченной юридической ответственностью |
limited partner |
|
партнерство |
partnership |
|
патент |
patent |
|
пенсионный план |
pension plan |
|
пессимист («медведь») |
bearish |
|
план финансирования |
financial plan |
|
планирование с уче том имущественных вопросов |
estate planning |
|
повестка дня, расписание |
agenda |
|
подготовка ведомостей |
preparation of payrolls |
|
поиск клиентов |
prospecting |
|
покрывать затраты |
cover costs |
|
покупка, купля. |
purchase- |
|
полная финансовая структура |
overall financial structure |
|
полная финансовая структура |
overall financial structure |
|
получать |
receive |
|
получать комиссионные (процент от продажи) |
receive commissions |
|
получение багажа |
baggage claim |
|
помещать объявления, рекламировать |
advertise |
|
последний срок |
deadline |
|
посредник между производителем и покупателем |
agent middleman |
|
посредник, комиссионер |
middleman |
|
посылторг |
mail-order house |
|
потенциальные выгоды |
potential benefits |
|
потребитель |
consumer, user |
|
предварительный, ориентировочный |
pro forma |
|
предел кредита (базирующийся на стоимости имущества) |
equity line |
|
предлагать высокие зарплаты |
offer high salaries |
|
предложение |
proposal |
|
предложение и спрос |
supply and demand |
|
предметы (товары) потребления |
commodities |
|
предсказывать |
predict |
|
презентация |
presentation |
|
преимущество |
advantage |
|
при галстуках — в очень формальном стиле |
btack tie |
|
прибыль |
profit |
|
прибыльность |
profitability |
|
привлекать большой капитал |
attract a large amount of capital |
|
привлекать финансовые ресурсы |
attract financial resources |
|
принимать приказы |
take orders |
|
приобретать товар как собственность |
take title to the goods |
|
прирост капитала; прибыль на капитал |
capital gains |
|
приток (зд. денег) |
inflow |
|
провалиться, обанкро титься |
belly up |
|
проверка звонков |
screening a call |
|
программное обеспечение |
software |
|
продавец, торговец |
salesman |
|
продажа, сбыт, маркетинг |
marketing |
|
продукт, результат |
outgrowth |
|
производитель |
producer |
|
происходить |
occur |
|
прокат оборудования |
equipment leasing |
|
просмотр сети (серфинг по сети) |
surfing the net |
|
процент |
interest, rate |
|
процент по займу |
loan rates |
|
работать по принуждению |
work under pressure |
|
работодатель |
employer |
|
рабочий опыт |
experience |
|
работающий по найму, служащий |
employee |
|
развитие производства |
product development |
|
размещение |
placement |
|
разработка новых продуктов |
product planning |
|
распределительные |
distribution operations |
|
распределять обязанности |
delegate authority |
|
рассматривать, принимать во внимание |
consider - |
|
реактивный самолет |
jet plane |
|
резюме |
resume |
|
реклама в интернете; рекламный баннер |
banner ad |
|
рекламировать |
advertise |
|
рекламная кампания |
ad campaign, sales campaign |
|
рентабельный (стоящий затрат) |
cost-effective |
|
ресурсы |
supplies |
|
решать математические задачи |
solve mathematical problems |
|
розница |
retail |
|
розничная продажа |
retailing |
|
розничный торговец |
retailer -chain |
|
руководитель отдела |
head of department |
|
руководитель, администратор |
executive |
|
руководить корпорацией |
run a corporation - |
|
рынок с повышательной тенденцией |
bull market |
|
рынок с понижательной тенденцией |
bear market |
|
сближение границ |
closing of the gaps |
|
сборщик |
collector |
|
сбыт, распределение |
distribution |
|
связующий элемент |
link |
|
сделка, банковская операция |
transaction |
|
секретный партнер (с правом голоса, но неизвестный общественности как партнер) |
secret partner |
|
сертификат акций |
stock certificate |
|
сеть (кибернетичес кое пространство) |
cyberspace |
|
скидка |
discount |
|
складирование товаров |
warehousing |
|
складирование, хранение |
storing |
|
следовательно |
hence |
|
сложный |
complex |
|
служащий, работающий по найму |
employeе |
|
собственность |
ownership |
|
собственность, имущество |
property |
|
собственный капитал предприятия |
net worth |
|
совместные, объеди ненные фонды |
mutual funds |
|
совокупная продажа |
total sales |
|
соглашение |
deal |
|
содействие в продаже (какого-либо товара) например, с помощью рекламы |
promotion |
|
сократить |
abbreviate |
|
соответствовать должности |
be suitable for the position |
|
состояние рентабельности |
break-even point |
|
союз (грам.) |
connector |
|
спутниковая связь |
satellite communication |
|
средства держателей акций |
stockholder's equity |
|
ставить цели |
set objectives |
|
стартовый капитал |
venture capital |
|
стоимость имущества за вычетом обязательств |
net assets |
|
страхование |
insurance |
|
сумма денег, отданная за старую вещь и включенная в счет покупки новой |
trade-in allowance |
|
счета дебиторов, деби торская задолжен ность |
accounts receivable (or receivables) |
|
счета кредиторов, кредиторская задол женность |
accounts payable (or payables) |
|
счет-фактура |
invoice |
|
таблица-график |
bar chart |
|
тенденция, общее направление |
trend |
|
технический анализ |
technical analysis |
|
товар по распродаже |
point-of-sale |
|
товары |
goods, merchandise |
|
толкать |
push |
|
торговля |
traffic |
|
транспортировка |
transporting |
|
тратить |
spend |
|
тянуть |
pull |
|
увеличить прибыль (раз меры прибыли) |
in order to improve their profit margins |
|
упаковка |
packaging |
|
управлять, торговать (амер.) |
handle |
|
управляющий по торговле |
sales manager |
|
управляющий, администратор |
administrator, manager |
|
уровень |
level |
|
усиление рекламиро вания товаров |
hard sell |
|
устанавливать цены |
set prices |
|
утечка (зд.денег) |
outflow |
|
учреждать |
establish |
|
учреждать, создавать |
charter |
|
финансовое положение фирмы |
firm's financial condition |
|
финансовые документы (баланс, ведомость доходов) |
financials |
|
финансовый |
fiscal |
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финансы, финансировать |
finance (noun and verb) |
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фонды денежного рынка |
money market funds |
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ходкий, быстро реализуемый (товар) |
marketable |
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хранение |
storage |
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ценность, стоимость |
value |
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ценные бумаги |
securities |
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ценный источник |
valuable source - |
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часть интернета |
www (world wide web) |
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чат (в интернете) |
chat room |
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что-либо переделанное, приспособ-ленное |
adaptation |
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штабной отдел (не имеющий прямого отношения к производству, но его обслуживающий) |
staff department |
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штат |
stuff |
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электронная почта |
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эффективность производительность |
efficiency |
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юриспруденция |
law |
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ЗАНЯТИЙ
Первое занятие
TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста1, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
Corporations need financing for the purchase of assets and the payment of expenses. The corporations can issue shares in exchange for money or property. Sometimes it is called as equity funding. The holders of the shares form the ownership of the company. Each share is represented by a stock certificate, which is negotiable. It means that one can buy and sell it. The value of a share is determined by the net assets divided by the total number of shares outstanding. The value of the share also depends on the success of the company. The greater the success, the more value the shares have.
A corporation can also get capital by borrowing. It is called debt funding. If a corporation borrows money, they give notes or bonds. They are also negotiable. But the interest has to be paid out whether business is profitable or not.
When running the corporation, management must consider both the outflow and inflow of capital. The outflow is formed by the purchase of inventory and supplies, payment of salaries. The inflow is formed by the sale of goods and services. In the bug run the inflow must be greater than the outflow. It results in a profit. In addition, a company must deduct its costs, expenses, losses on bad debts, interest on borrowed capital and other items. It helps to determine if the financial management has been profitable. The amount of risk involved is also an important factor. It determines the fund raising and it shows if a particular corporation is a good investment.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 2
Corporations need financing for the purchase of assets and the payment of expenses. The corporations can issue shares in exchange for money or property. Sometimes it is called as equity funding. The holders of the shares form the ownership of the company. Each share is represented by a stock certificate, which is negotiable. It means that one can buy and sell it. The value of a share is determined by the net assets divided by the total number of shares outstanding. The value of the share also depends on the success of the company. The greater the success, the more value the shares have.
A corporation can also get capital by borrowing. It is called debt funding. If a corporation borrows money, they give notes or bonds. They are also negotiable. But the interest has to be paid out whether business is profitable or not.
TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
1. Why do all corporations need financing? |
2. What does equity funding mean? |
3. What docs debt funding mean? |
4. How is the value of a share determined? |
. 5. What activities produce an inflow any outflow of capital? |
6. What can happen if an enterprise has a greater outflow of capital than an inflow? |
7. Why is the risk involved an important factor in determining fund raising? |
Fill in following forms.
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Place of Birth |
Permanent Address |
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Martial Status |
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Occupation |
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Qualifications |
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Hobbies/Interests |
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Tel. no. |
TASK 5
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
The computer industry is one of the largest in western countries and especially in the USA. It includes companies that manufacture, sell and lease computers, as well as companies that supply products and services for people working with computers.
A computer cannot think. A human operator puts data into the computer and gives instructions. The operator writes instructions which determine the mathematical operations on information. A computer solves mathematical problems very rapidly. Traditionally, the computer in business is used to process data. This involves different administrative functions such as preparation of payrolls, inventory control in manufacturing, warehousing and distribution operations, customer accounting, billing by banks, insurance companies, public utilities and mass circulation magazines. Now the computer takes on new kinds of jobs. It has become more involved in business operations as an essential tool in making decisions at the highest administrative level.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 6
A computer cannot think. A human operator puts data into the computer and gives instructions. The operator writes instructions which determine the mathematical operations on information. A computer solves mathematical problems very rapidly. Traditionally, the computer in business is used to process data. This involves different administrative functions such as preparation of payrolls, inventory control in manufacturing, warehousing and distribution operations, customer accounting, billing by banks, insurance companies, public utilities and mass circulation magazines. Now the computer takes on new kinds of jobs. It has become more involved in business operations as an essential tool in making decisions at the highest administrative level.
TASK 7
Answer the following questions:
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1. What does the computer industry include? |
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2. In what way does a computer operate? |
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3. How was the computer traditionally used in business? |
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4. What new kinds of jobs is the computer taking? |
Второе занятие
TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
The number of new products coming into the market western countries every year is overwhelming. The major part of these products is not new, but adaptations. It means that these products are not new, they arc existing items to which modification has been made. Only few products are really original or innovations. For instance a clock-television is an adaptation, but TV-set itself, the refrigerator - each was an innovation. A great number of innovations and adaptations are designed, produced and marketed by small businesses. Very often a new product is formed on the basis of the new business Sometimes there is a patent to make the business more successful. But it happens very often that market research hasn't been done carefully.
Even in case larger scale producers do more research and testing there is no sure success. A promising new product may be also robbed of success by unreasonable prices, inadequate promotion and poor selling methods. Generally less than one fifth of all new products turn out to be profitable.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 2
It means that these products are not new, they arc existing items to which modification has been made. Only few products are really original or innovations. For instance a clock-television is an adaptation, but TV-set itself, the refrigerator - each was an innovation. A great number of innovations and adaptations are designed, produced and marketed by small businesses. Very often a new product is formed on the basis of the new business Sometimes there is a patent to make the business more successful. But it happens very often that market research hasn't been done carefully.
Even in case larger scale producers do more research and testing there is no sure success. A promising new product may be also robbed of success by unreasonable prices, inadequate promotion and poor selling methods. Generally less than one fifth of all new products turn out to be profitable.
TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
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1. How can you explain the term adaptation? |
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2. What is an innovation? • |
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3. Give your own examples of innovations and adaptations. |
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4. Why are many innovations and adaptations manufactured and marketed by small businesses? |
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5. Why is it so important to obtain a patent? |
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6. Why does the failure of a new product take place? |
Fill in following forms.
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First name |
Surname |
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Date of Birth |
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Place of Birth |
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Permanent Address |
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Martial Status |
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Occupation |
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Qualifications |
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Hobbies/Interests |
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Tel. no. |
TASK 5.
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on a business for profit. When the owners of the partnership have, unlimited liability they arc called general partners. If partners have limited liability they arc "limited partners". There may be a silent partner as well - a person who is known to the public as a member of the firm but without authority in management. The reverse of the silent partner is the secret partner- a person who lakes pan in management but who is not known to the public.
Any business may have the form of the partnership, for example, in such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, insurance and stockbrokerage. Limited partnerships are a common form of ownership in real estate, oil prospecting, quarrying industries, etc.
Partnerships have more advantages than sole proprietorships if one needs a big capital or diversified management. Like sole proprietorship they are easy to form and often get tax benefits from the government.
Partnerships have certain disadvantages too. One is unlimited liability. It means that each partner is responsible for all debts and is legally responsible for the whole business. Another disadvantage is that partners may disagree with each other.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 6
There may be a silent partner as well - a person who is known to the public as a member of the firm but without authority in management. The reverse of the silent partner is the secret partner- a person who lakes pan in management but who is not known to the public.
Any business may have the form of the partnership, for example, in such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, insurance and stockbrokerage. Limited partnerships are a common form of ownership in real estate, oil prospecting, quarrying industries, etc.
Partnerships have more advantages than sole proprietorships if one needs a big capital or diversified management. Like sole proprietorship they are easy to form and often get tax benefits from the government.
Partnerships have certain disadvantages too. One is unlimited liability. It means that each partner is responsible for all debts and is legally responsible for the whole business. Another disadvantage is that partners may disagree with each other.
TASK 7
Answer the following questions:
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1. What is the difference between a general partnership and a limited partnership? |
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2. Is there any difference between a silent partner and a secret partner? What is this difference? |
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3. In what professional fields are the partnerships found? |
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4. In what businesses is the partnership a common form? |
5. What are the advantages of a partnership? |
6. Discuss the disadvantages of a partnership. Would you prefer partnership or sole proprietorship for business? Give your reasons. |
Третье занятие
TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
Wholesaling is a part of the marketing system. It provides channels of distribution which help to bring goods to the market. Generally, indirect channels are used to market manufactured consumer goods. It could be from the manufacturer to the wholesaler, from the retailer to the consumer or through more complicated channels. A direct channel moves goods from the manufacturer or producer to the consumer.
Wholesaling is often a field of small business, but there is a growing chain movement in the western countries. About a quarter of wholesaling units account for one-third of total sales.
Two-third of the wholesaling middleman are merchant wholesalers who take title to the goods they deal in. There are also agent middlemen who negotiate purchases or sales or both. They don't take title to the goods they deal in. Sometimes they take possession though. These agents don't earn salaries. They receive commissions. This is a percentage of the value of the goods they sell.
Wholesalers simplify the process of distribution. For example, the average supermarket stocks 5.000 items in groceries alone, a retail druggist can have more than 6.000 items. As a wholesaler handles a large assortment of items from numerous manufacturers he reduces the problem of both manufacturer and retailer. The store-keeper does not have to deal directly with thousands of different people. He usually has a well-stocked store and deals with only a few wholesalers.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 2
Wholesaling is often a field of small business, but there is a growing chain movement in the western countries. About a quarter of wholesaling units account for one-third of total sales.
Two-third of the wholesaling middleman are merchant wholesalers who take title to the goods they deal in. There are also agent middlemen who negotiate purchases or sales or both. They don't take title to the goods they deal in. Sometimes they take possession though. These agents don't earn salaries. They receive commissions. This is a percentage of the value of the goods they sell.
Wholesalers simplify the process of distribution. For example, the average supermarket stocks 5.000 items in groceries alone, a retail druggist can have more than 6.000 items. As a wholesaler handles a large assortment of items from numerous manufacturers he reduces the problem of both manufacturer and retailer. The store-keeper does not have to deal directly with thousands of different people. He usually has a well-stocked store and deals with only a few wholesalers.
TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
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1. What is the aim of the wholesaling? |
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2. How can you describe a direct channel of distribution? |
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3. What is an indirect channel of distribution? |
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4. What channel of distribution is preferable? |
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5. Is there any difference between a merchant wholesaler and an agent middleman? What is this difference? |
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6. How does a wholesaler simplify the process 01 distribution? |
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7. What would a retailer have to do without wholesalers? |
Fill in following forms.
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Mr/Mrs/Ms1 |
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Family name |
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Surname |
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Date of Birth |
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Nationality |
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Language(s) |
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Address in your country |
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Occupation |
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Reason for learning English: Business /plea-sure/exams/other (if other1, pleasure spesify) |
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How many hours a day you want to study? |
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How longt are you going to stay at the scool? |
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What date do you want to start? |
Delete where not applicable
TASK 5
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
All products and all services have prices. The price depends on different thing such as credit terms, delivery, trade-inallowance, guarantees, quality and other forms of service, which price can produce the biggest profit during a long period of time. It's hardly possible to determine such a price. The price may be too high to produce a large volume or too low to cover costs. No other area of marketing operations has been a subject to bad practice. Many businesses persue unsound price policies for long periods of time and are not aware about it.
Prices can be determined in different ways. For example, the prices of meat, cotton and other agricultural prices can be decided in large central market where forces of supply and demand exist. This is pure price competition. The prices on industrial products (iron, steel, etc.) are usually decided by large companies. As a rule the amount and price of goods sold to large number of buyers rs controlled by a few competing sellers. Prices also can be set by the government, usually for different public services - railroads, electricity, manufactured gas, bus services, etc.
If demand increases, prices rise, profits expand and new investment is attracted. But other factors may be involved as well. Prices arc related to each other in different ways. Ultimately, everything is related in price, since the consumer can buy and must pay for everything out of a particular, limited amount of money.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 6
The price depends on different thing such as credit terms, delivery, trade-inallowance, guarantees, quality and other forms of service, which price can produce the biggest profit during a long period of time. It's hardly possible to determine such a price.
Prices can be determined in different ways. For example, the prices of meat, cotton and other agricultural prices can be decided in large central market where forces of supply and demand exist. This is pure price competition. The prices on industrial products (iron, steel, etc.) are usually decided by large companies. As a rule the amount and price of goods sold to large number of buyers is controlled by a few competing sellers. Prices also can be set by the government, usually for different public services - railroads, electricity, manufactured gas, bus services, etc.
If demand increases, prices rise, profits expand and new investment is attracted. But other factors may be involved as well. Prices arc related to each other in different ways. Ultimately, everything is related in price, since the consumer can buy and must pay for everything out of a particular, limited amount of money.
TASK 7
Answer the following questions:
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1. Why is it difficult to determine the right price? |
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2. Why is the seller interested in the price that produces the highest volume of sales at the lowest unit cost? |
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3.Why do many businesses follow unsound pricing policies? |
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4. In what way are agricultural prices decided? |
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5. How are industrial products usually priced? |
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6. Why docs (he government usually set the prices for public ' utility services? |
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7. Why is it so important to know the levels of supply and demand when dealing with pricing? |
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8. Why is everything related by price? |
Четвертое занятие
TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
In business, organization structure means the relationship between positions and people who hold the positions. Organization structure is very important because it provides an efficient work system as well as a system of communication.
Historically, line structure is the oldest type of organization structure. The main idea of it is direct vertical relationships between the positions and tasks of each level, and the positions and tasks above and bellow each level. For example, a sales manager may be in a line position between a vice-president of marketing and a salesman. Thus a vice president of marketing has direct authority over a sales manager. A sales manager in his turn has direct authority over a salesman. This chain of command simplifies the problems of giving and taking orders.
When a business grows in size and becomes more complex, there is a need for specialists. In such case administrators may organize staff departments and add staff specialists to do specific work. These people arc usually busy with services, they are not tied in with the company product. The activities of the staff departments include an accounting, personnel, credit and advertising. Generally they do not give orders to other departments.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 2
Выполнить письменный адекватный перевод со словарем
The main idea of it is direct vertical relationships between the positions and tasks of each level, and the positions and tasks above and bellow each level. For example, a sales manager may be in a line position between a vice-president of marketing and a salesman. Thus a vice president of marketing has direct authority over a sales manager. A sales manager in his turn has direct authority over a salesman. This chain of command simplifies the problems of giving and taking orders.
When a business grows in size and becomes more complex, there is a need for specialists. In such case administrators may organize staff departments and add staff specialists to do specific work. These people arc usually busy with services, they are not tied in with the company product. The activities of the :>laff departments include an accounting, personnel, credit and advertising. Generally they do not give orders to other departments.
TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
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1. What docs the organization structure mean? |
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2. What docs the organization structure provide? |
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3. What is historically the oldest type of organization |
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4. In what position is a sales manager in attitude to a vice-president of marketing and salesman? |
5. What is the difference between line and staff departments? |
6. Why is an advertising department or a credit department considered staff structure rather than line structure? |
TASK 4
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
Inflation is generally defined as a persistent rise in the general price level with no corresponding rise in output, which leads to a corresponding fall in the purchasing power of money.
In this section we shall look briefly at the problems that inflation causes for business and consider whether there are any potential benefits for an enterprise from an inflationary period.
Inflation varies considerably in its extent and severity. Hence, the consequences for the business community differ according to circumstances. Mild inflation of a few per cent each year may pose few difficulties for business. However, hyperinflation, which entails enormously high rates of inflation, can create almost insurmountable problems for the government, business, consumers and workers. In post-war Hungary, the cost of living was published each day and workers were paid daily so as to avoid the value of their earnings falling. Businesses would have experienced great difficulty in costing and pricing their production while the incentive for people to save would have been removed.
Economists argue at length about the causes of, and "cures" for, inflation. They would, however, recognize that two general types of inflation exist:
Demand-pull Inflation.
Demand-pull inflation occurs when demand for a nation's goods and services outstrips that nation's ability to supply these goods and services. This causes prices to rise generally as a means of limiting demand to the available supply.
An alternative way that we can look at this type of inflation is to say that it occurs when injections exceed withdrawals and the economy is already stretched (i.e. little available labor or factory space) and there is little scope to increase further its level of activity.
Cost-push Inflation.
Alternatively, inflation can be of the cost-push variety. This takes place when firms face increasing costs. This could be caused by an increase in wages owing to trade union militancy, the rising costs of imported raw materials and components or companies pushing up prices in order to improve their profit margins.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 5
Inflation varies considerably in its extent and severity. Hence, the consequences for the business community differ according to circumstances. Mild inflation of a few per cent each year may pose few difficulties for business. However, hyperinflation, which entails enormously high rates of inflation, can create almost insurmountable problems for the government, business, consumers and workers. In post-war Hungary, the cost of living was published each day and workers were paid daily so as to avoid the value of their earnings falling. Businesses would have experienced great difficulty in costing and pricing their production while the incentive for people to save would have been removed.
Economists argue at length about the causes of, and "cures" for, inflation. They would, however, recognize that two general types of inflation exist:
TASK 6
Answer the following questions:
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1. Give the definition of inflation. What can you add to it? |
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2. The extent and severity of inflation. |
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3. Types of inflation (short characteristics). Are there any others? |
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4. Demand-pull inflation. Name countries with this type of inflation. |
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5. Cost-push inflation. Name countries with this type of inflation. |
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6. The impact of inflation on business (in brief):
How can businesses influence the economic environment? |
7. Do you believe in the advice to borrow heavily in a period of inflation? Give your reasons. |
8. Can inflation be beneficial? |
9. What other factors not mentioned in this unit can cause inflation? |
10. What "cures" for inflation do you know and can suggest? |
ДОМАШНИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Первое домашнее задание
TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
An employer has several options to consider when he wants to hire a new employee. First of all, he may look within his own company. But if he can't find anybody suitable for the position he will have to look outside the company. If there is a personal office in the company, he can ask them to help him to find a qualified applicant. The employer can also use another valuable sources, for example, employment agencies, consulting firms, placement offices and professional societies. He can also advertise in a newspaper or in a magazine and request
candidates to send in resumes.
The employer has two sets of qualifications to consider if he wants to choose from among the applicants. He must consider both professional qualifications and personal characteristics. A candidate's education, experience and skills are included in his professional qualifications. These can be listed on a resume. Personal characteristics, or personality traits must be evaluated through interviews.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 2
First of all, he may look within his own company. But if he can't find anybody suitable for the position he will have to look outside the company. If there is a personal office in the company, he can ask them to help him to find a qualified applicant. The employer can also use another valuable sources, for example, employment agencies, consulting firms, placement offices and professional societies. He can also advertise in a newspaper or in a magazine and request
candidates to send in resumes.
The employer has two sets of qualifications to consider if he wants to choose from among the applicants. He must consider both professional qualifications and personal characteristics. A candidate's education, experience and skills are included in his professional qualifications. These can be listed on a resume. Personal characteristics, or personality traits must be evaluated through interviews.
TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
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1. Which options should an employer first consider when h wants to hire a new employee? |
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2. What service does a personnel department provide? |
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3. In what way can be the new employees be found outside one's company? |
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4. What qualifications docs the employees consider i choosing an employee? |
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5. What is meant by "professional qualification" for a job? |
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6. What personal characteristics docs the administrate consider when choosing an employee? |
Fill in following forms.
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What’s your first name? |
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What’s your family name? |
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When were you born? |
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Where were you born? |
Where do you live? |
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Are you married or single? |
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What do you do? |
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What degrees, diplomas, certificates, etc. do you have? |
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What do you do in your free time? |
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What’s your phone number? |
TASK 5
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
Banks are different in different countries. Let's speak about the banks in the United Stales of America. There, commercial banks are classified into two main groups. First, there are national banks. They are charted and supervised by the Federal Government. Secondly, there are state banks. They arc charted and supervised by the stale in which they arc operated. All commercial banks can make loans to borrowers.
Major commercial banks in such cities as Tokyo, Paris, Rio cooperate with each other. In this way they finance imports and exports between countries.
An importer buys merchandise from another country using the currency of that country. For that purpose he buys this currency from the foreign exchange department of his bank. And in the same way if an exporter receives foreign money from sales to other countries, he sells this currency to his bank. By this method the currency of any country can usually be exchanged.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 6
Let's speak about the banks in the United Stales of America. There, commercial banks are classified into two main groups. First, there are national banks. They are charted and supervised by the Federal Government. Secondly, there are state banks. They arc charted and supervised by the stale in which they arc operated. All commercial banks can make loans to borrowers.
Major commercial banks in such cities as Tokyo, Paris, Rio cooperate with each other. In this way they finance imports and exports between countries.
An importer buys merchandise from another country using the currency of that country. For that purpose he buys this currency from the foreign exchange department of his bank. And in the same way if an exporter receives foreign money from sales to other countries, he sells this currency to his bank. By this method the currency of any country can usually be exchanged.
TASK 7
Answer the following questions:
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1. What do all commercial banks do? |
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2. What kinds of commercial banks in the USA do you know? What are they called? |
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3. Who supervises the operations of national bank? |
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4. What kind of currency does an importer generally use when he buys goods from another country? |
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5. What do you know about the "international exchange"? |
6. What is the currency of this country called? |
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7. What is the exchange rate between your currency and the currency of the USA and Germany? How can you find it out if you don't know it? |
Второе домашнее задание
TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
Inflation is often accompanied by high interest rates. High interest rates tend to discourage investment by businesses as they increase the cost of borrowing funds. Thus, investment may fall. Businesses may also be dissuaded from undertaking investment programmes because of a lack of confidence in the future stability and prosperity of the economy. This fall in investment may be worsened by foreign investment being reduced as they also lose some confidence in the economy's future.
Such a decline in the level of investment can lead to businesses having to retain obsolete, inefficient and expensive means of production and cause a loss of international competitiveness. Finally, a fall in investment can lower the level of economic activity, causing lower sales, output and so on. Thus, to some extent, businesses can influence the economic environment in which they operate.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 2
Выполнить письменный адекватный перевод со словарем
Retailing is selling goods and, services to the ultimate consumer. Thus, the retailer is the most expensive link in the chain of distribution. Being middlemen, they make their profit by charging the customer 25 to 100 per cent more than the price they paid for the item.
The retailers operate through stores, mail-order houses, vending machine operators. There are different types of retail stores: department stores, discount houses, cooperatives, single line retailers. The major part (over 95 per cent) of retail establishments concentrate on a single line of merchandise for example, food, hardware, etc. But nowadays there is a trend for many single line stores to take on a greater variety of supplies.
The retailer performs many necessary functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Second, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer helps to promote the product through displays, advertising or sales people. Fourth, the retailer can finance the customer by extending credit. Also the retailer stores the goods in his outlet by having goods available.
TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
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1. What is retailing? |
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2. What are four different types of retail stores? |
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3. What are at least two types of retailing that do not includ; |
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4. In what way does a retailer serve a customer? |
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5. In what way does a retailer serve a manufacturer? |
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6. Which per cent of the price of the good sold goes to the retailer? |
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7.What is the trend with a single line retailer now? |
Fill in following forms.
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Surname |
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First name(s) |
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Nationality |
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Passport number |
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Date and place of issue |
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Address |
Date of arrival |
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Date of departure |
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Signature |
TASK 5
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
During a bout of inflation firms will face higher costs for the resources they need to carry on their business. They will have to pay higher wages to their employees to compensate them for rising prices. Supplies of raw materials and fuel will become more expensive as will rents and rates. The inevitable reaction to this is that the firm has to raise its own prices. This will lead to further demands for higher wages as is called the wage-price spiral. Such cost-push inflation may make the goods and services produced by that enterprise internationally less competitive in terms of price. An economy whose relative or comparative rate of inflation is high may find that it is unable to compete in home or foreign markets because its products are expensive. The economic model tells us that a situation of declining exports and increasing imports will lower the level of activity in the economy with all the consequent side-effects.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 6
Marketing includes all the business activities connected with the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers. Sometimes it is called distribution. On the one hand, marketing is made up of such activities as transporting, storing and selling goods and, on the other hand, a series of decisions you make during the process of moving goods from producer to user. Marketing operations include product planning, buying, storage, pricing, promotion, selling, credit, traffic and marketing research.
The ability to recognize early trends is very important. Producers must know why, where, for what purpose the consumers buy. Market research helps the producer to predict what the people will want. And through advertising he attempts to influence the customer to buy. Marketing operations are very expensive. They take up more than half of the consumer's "dollar. The trend in the USA has been to high mass consumption. The construction of good shopping centres has made goods available to consumers. It provided a wide range of merchandise and plenty of parking facilities.
TASK 7
Answer the following questions:
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1. What does marketing mean? |
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2. What activities does marketing consist of? |
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3. What do marketing operations include? |
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4. Why is it so important for the producer to |know what the consumer wants? |
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5. How was mass consumption possible in USA? |
Третье домашнее задание
TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
The international corporation or global company has its origin. Usually it is the outgrowth of the great trading companies of the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1811 a New York statute said corporations could be created by the filing of documents. After that it became a mailer of bureaucratic operations to become a corporation. By 1850 it was a very commen thing in the United Slates and was under general statute in European countries as well. Since that lime the corporate movement began. As the jet plane, satellite communications and computers began, it became possible for a company to control business in all the world.
The growth of international corporates operations is faster than the economic growth of the industrialized nations. There arc some projects which predict that within a generation almost a half of the free words production will be internationalized.
This trend for internationalism presupposes some benefits such as new jobs, higher living standards and the closing of the gaps between people-economic, educational and technological. At the same time serious questions can be asked. Is it the most efficient way to use world researches? Can the international corporation be the best force for a better world? Is it politically stronger than government? Can it take care of the self interest and competitiveness on behalf of the greatest good? And in what way can the global company work toward easing the worlds 'crises - monetary, political, energy and food?
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 2
Выполнить письменный адекватный перевод со словарем
The growth of international corporates operations is faster than the economic growth of the industrialized nations. There arc some projects which predict that within a generation almost a half of the free words production will be internationalized.
This trend for internationalism presupposes some benefits such as new jobs, higher living standards and the closing of the gaps between people-economic, educational and technological. At the same time serious questions can be asked. Is it the most efficient way to use world researches? Can the international corporation be the best force for a better world? Is it politically stronger than government? Can it take care of the self interest and competitiveness on behalf of the greatest good? And in what way can the global company work toward easing the worlds 'crises - monetary, political, energy and food?
TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
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1. What is the origin of the multinational company? |
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2. When did the corporate movement begin? |
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3. Why did it become possible for a company to control enterprises on the other side of the globe? |
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4. How quickly is internationalism growing? |
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5. What can internationalism bring? |
6. What problems can arise with internationalism? |
7. What are your own answers and explanations to this problems? |
TASK 4
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firms financial condition. Accounting records give a very important data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysis, banks and government.
Most businesses prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spent by the company.
One major tool for the analysis of accounting records is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals with profitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency.
The third set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 5
Accounting records give a very important data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysis, banks and government.
Most businesses prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spent by the company.
One major tool for the analysis of accounting records is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals with profitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency.
The third set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.
TASK 6
Answer the following questions:
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1. What is the purpose of accounting? |
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2. How did he try to relate criminal behaviour to a person's appearance? |
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3. What are the two types of records which most businesses prepare? |
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4. What can you know analyzing the income statement and balance sheet of a company? |
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5. What is the purpose of the ratio analysis? |
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6. What categories of ratios in finance do you know? |
Четвертое домашнее задание
TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
A business corporation is an institution established for the purpose of making profit. It is operated by individuals. Their shares of ownership are represented by stock certificates. A person who owns a stock certificate is called a stock-holder.
There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. The first is the ability to attract financial resources. The next advantage is the corporation attracts a large amount of capital it can invest it in plants, equipment and research. And the third advantage is that a corporation can offer higher salaries and thus talented managers and specialists.
The privately owned business is one type of corporation. There are some other types too. Educational, religious, charitable institutions can also incorporate. Usually such corporation does not issue stock and is nonprofit. If there is a profit it is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed to private stockholders.
In some western countries, cities, states, federal government and special agencies can establish governmental corporations. A few examples of these governmental corporations are state universities, state hospitals and city owned utilities. Governmental corporations are non-profit as a rule and usually they do not issue stock certificates.
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 2
There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. The first is the ability to attract financial resources. The next advantage is the corporation attracts a large amount of capital it can invest it in plants, equipment and research. And the third advantage is that a corporation can offer higher salaries and thus talented managers and specialists.
The privately owned business is one type of corporation. There are some other types too. Educational, religious, charitable institutions can also incorporate. Usually such corporation does not issue stock and is nonprofit. If there is a profit it is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed to private stockholders.
In some western countries, cities, states, federal government and special agencies can establish governmental corporations. A few examples of these governmental corporations are state universities, state hospitals and city owned utilities.
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TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
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Who can own a corporation? |
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Is a corporation necessarily larger than a sole proprietorship? |
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What are the advantages of the corporate form of ownership? |
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What can you say about the disadvantages of the corporate form of ownership? |
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Do the corporations issue stock to stockholder? |
What kind of corporations usually don’t issue the stock? |
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What world-known corporations do you know? |
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What types of business usually take the corporate form of ownership? |
TASK 4
Беспереводное понимание текста:
– изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
дать перевод ключевых слов.
Anna is having lunch with her sister Barbara. Anna has just accepted a position as an Administrative Assistant. Her boss is an executive with a firm that manufactures heavy machinery used in construction.
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Barbara |
You've got a new job, Anna. My congratulations. |
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Anna |
Thanks, Barbara. |
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Barbara |
Tell me a few words about your boss. What does he do? |
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Anna |
Well, he is one of the vice presidents of the company, he's rather important. He is an executive. |
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Barbara |
Do you know the difference between an executive, a manager and an administrator? |
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Anna |
I am afraid I can hardly tell you the difference. I think these words are interchangeable and they really aren't different in many companies |
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Barbara |
What about your company? |
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Anna |
In our company the top officers are called administrators. The next highest group - the vice presidents, the heads of major departments and branch plant managers - are executives like my boss. |
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Barbara |
Is that all? |
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Anna |
The group below consists of managers, they are general managers and foremen. |
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Barbara |
So I see that an organization has a number of positions and some people have more authority than others. |
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Anna |
You are right. |
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Barbara |
But it would be interesting to know more about the functions of an executive like your boss. |
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Anna |
I'd say he makes a lot of important decisions. He sets objectives, coordinates work, delegates authority, makes hiring, firing, evaluating and just general leading. |
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Barbara |
It seems to be important. |
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Anna |
It is important. It's evident that making careful decisions is the basis of good management. |
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Barbara |
But do, you work under much pressure? |
Общее содержание текста:
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
TASK 5
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Barbara |
You've got a new job, Anna. My congratulations. |
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Anna |
Thanks, Barbara. |
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Barbara |
Tell me a few words about your boss. What does he do? |
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Anna |
Well, he is one of the vice presidents of the company, he's rather important. He is an executive. |
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Barbara |
Do you know the difference between an executive, a manager and an administrator? |
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Anna |
I am afraid I can hardly tell you the difference. I think these words are interchangeable and they really aren't different in many companies |
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Barbara |
What about your company? |
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Anna |
In our company the top officers are called administrators. The next highest group - the vice presidents, the heads of major departments and branch plant managers - are executives like my boss. |
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Barbara |
Is that all? |
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Anna |
The group below consists of managers, they are general managers and foremen. |
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Barbara |
So I see that an organization has a number of positions and some people have more authority than others. |
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Anna |
You are right. |
TASK 6
Answer the following questions:
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1. What working position is the best for you? |
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2. Are you accustomed to working under pressure? |
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3. Are you accustomed to a red |
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4. Do you want to be an executive or an administrator of the big company? What should you do for it? |
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5. What qualities do you need to be an executive of the company? |
6. What does it mean to be a competent manager? |
Тематический словник2
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Содержание |
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Прямой тематический словарь…………………………………………. |
2 |
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Обратный тематический словарь……………………………………… |
13 |
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Аудиторные занятия……………………………………………………… |
25 |
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Первое занятие…………………………………………………………….. |
25 |
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Второе занятие…………………………………………………………….. |
30 |
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Третье занятие…………………………………………………………….. |
36 |
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Четвертое занятие…………………………………………………………. |
42 |
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Домашние задания………………………………………………………… |
49 |
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Первое задание…………………………………………………………….. |
49 |
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Второе задание…………………………………………………………….. |
54 |
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Третье задание…………………………………………………………….. |
60 |
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Четвертое задание………………………………………………………… |
66 |
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Тематический словник…………………………………………………… |
73 |
Рекомендовано к изданию
Редакционно-издательским советом
Национального института бизнеса
©Национальный институт бизнеса 2013
© Лисицина Е.Е .2013
В качестве заставок на титульном листе
использованы рисунки из источника
Ольшевский А.С. Антикризисный PR и
консалтинг. – СПб., 2003
1 Краткое общее содержание текста излагать на русском языке.
2 Правила составления см. Английский язык. /Раздаточный материал заочного факультета