Если у вас возникли сложности с курсовой, контрольной, дипломной, рефератом, отчетом по практике, научно-исследовательской и любой другой работой - мы готовы помочь.
Предоплата всего
Подписываем
МОУ СОШ N65
с углубленным изучением английского языка
Ворошиловского района
Г. Ростова-на-Дону
Наименование предмета: Культуроведение
Реферат
Тема: System Education in Canada
Авторская работа:
Фельдшеров Кирилл Сергеевич
Класс 9”В”
Руководитель:
Хмельнитская Ю.В.
г. Ростов-на-Дону
2009г.
Contents Pages
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Introduction................................................................ |
3 |
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Study in Canada.......................................................... |
4 |
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Type of school............................................................ |
5-6 |
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School subjects........................................................... |
7-8 |
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Age when children went to school............................. |
9 |
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Levels in education.................................................... |
10-11 |
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Type of collеge and university in canada.................. |
11-13 |
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Type of Certification.................................................. |
14 |
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Conclusion................................................................. |
15 |
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References.................................................................. |
16 |
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Appendix.................................................................... |
17 |
3
Introduction
Why Study in Canada? Canadians place great importance on learning, and have developed a first-rate education system with high standards. The country spends more on education (as a percentage of GDP) compared to the OECD average, and is the second highest among G-8 countries.
Canadian teenagers consistently rank among the best in the world on international tests of reading, science and math - a testament to the outstanding quality of Canadian schools. A Canadian degree, diploma or certificate is well-regarded in business, government and academic circles around the globe.
Elementary, secondary, and post-secondary education in Canada is a provincial responsibility and there are many variations between the provinces. Some educational fields are supported at various levels by Federal Departments. The Department of Indian and Northen Affairs Canada is responsible for the education of first nations. Vocational training can be subsidized via the Department of Labour. Junior Kindergarten (or equivalent) as an official program exists only in Ontario currently. Kindergarten (or its equivalent) is available in every province, but provincial funding, and the number of hours provided varies widely. Starting at grade one, at age six or seven, there is universal publicly funded access up to grade twelve (or equivalent). Dependent on the province the age of mandatory entry is at 4-7 years. Children are required to attend school until the age of sixteen (Age 18 in Ontario and New Brunswick). About one out of ten Canadians does not have a high school diploma — one in seven has a university degree — the adult population that is without a high school diploma is a combination of both immigrant and Canadian-born. In many places, publicly-funded high school courses are offered to the adult population. The ratio of high school graduates versus non diploma-holders is changing rapidly, partly due to changes in the labour market that require people to have a high school diploma and, in many cases, a university degree.
Canada spends about 7% of its GDP on education. Since the adoption of section23 of the Constitution Act. 1982,ducation in both English and French has been available in most places across Canada (if the population of children speaking the minority language justifies it), although French Second Language education/French Immersion is available to anglophone students across Canada. And recently, Canada has opened doors to foreign students. According to an announcement of Canadian Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Canada is introducing a new, fast-track system to let foreign students and graduates with Canadian work experience become permanent eligible residents in Canada. And here some reasons to study in Canada A degree or diploma from Canadian educational institutions is instantly recognized around the world as being of the highest standard. Tuition fees for international students in Canada are much lower than comparable countries1. Canada spends more per capita on education than any other country in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).Your educational experience is sure to be truly international. Canada is renowned all over the world for its tradition of hospitality and tolerance. A remarkable multicultural society ensures that you will be welcomed and made to feel at home during your stay in Canada. More than 600,000 Canadians trace their roots back to India. Canada is a world leader in software development, telecommunications, aerospace, engineering, urban transport, biotechnology, mining technology and environmental industries. As a student, you have a wealth of research and scholars to draw upon a variety of disciplines.. For all that it offers, Canada has a remarkably low cost of living. Its inflation rate has remained one of the lowest in the industrialized world.
4
Study in Canada
Education in Canada is provided, funded and overseen by Federal, provincial, and Local governments. Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. Education in Canada is generally divided into Elementary (Primary School), Public School), followed by Secondary (High School) and Post Secondary (University, College).(see appendix one) Within the provinces under the ministry of education, there are district school boards administering the educational programs. Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in every province in Canada, except for Ontario and New Brunswick, where the compulsory age is 18. In some provinces early leaving exemptions can be granted under certain circumstances at 14. Canada generally has 190 school days in the year, officially starting from September (after Labour Day) to the end of June (usually the last Friday of the month).
Furthermore, the Canadian degree or diploma is instantly recognized around the world as being of the highest standard. And you get all this at a remarkably low cost…..both in terms of cost of education and the cost of living. Tuition fees for international students in Canada are much lower than comparable countries.
With over 90 universities and 150 colleges and technical institutes, featuring virtually every program imaginable, Canada may just be the place of your dreams.
Education is a provincial responsibility under the Canadian constitution, which means there are significant differences between the education systems of the different provinces. However, education is important to Canadians, and standards across the country are uniformly high.
In general, Canadian children attend kindergarten for one or two years at the age of four or five on a voluntary basis. All children begin Grade One at about six years of age. The school year normally runs from September through the following June but in some instances, January intake dates are possible. Secondary schools go up to Grades 11 or 12, depending on the province. From there, students may attend university, college or Cegep studies. Cegep is a French acronym for College of General and Vocational Education, and is two years of general or three years of technical education between high school and university1. The province of Quebec has the Cegep system. If you are one of those who seek a high quality of life above anything else, Canada is the place for you. It has been consistently ranked by the UN as the number one country in the world to live in. Having a large Asian Diaspora of students, Canada offers a truly international educational experience.
All in all, Education is a provincial responsibility under the Canadian constitution, which means there are significant differences between the education systems of the different provinces. However, education is important to Canadians, and standards across the country are uniformly high.
_____________________________________
5
Types of school
Practically all elementary and secondary school students in 2006/07 attended a public school. In 2007/08, public schools accounted for 93% of total enrolment, compared with 6% for private schools. An even smaller proportion of students attended special schools for the visually and hearing impaired. These proportions were more or less constant throughout the late 2009s.
Canada's public elementary and secondary school systems also include denominational schools, the majority of them Catholic. A number of other religious groups have sought equivalent status for their schools in recent years—an issue that will likely remain, given Canada's continually changing religious composition.
In 2008/09, just under 77% of youth graduated with a high school diploma, up from 70% a decade earlier. The graduation rate was nearly 10 percentage points greater for young women than for young men: nearly 82% for women and slightly over 72% for men. However, the gender gap was even larger (13 percentage points) in 20092.
Most people are teenagers when they graduate from high school. The typical age of graduation is 18, except in Quebec, where it is 17. In 2008, 61% of students graduated at the typical age compared with 55% in 2009. Over the same period, the rate of graduation after the typical age fell from 21% to 17%.
Many students graduate after the typical age. This is especially the case in Nunavut, where the older graduates represented about two-thirds of graduations and in the Northwest Territories, where they represented almost one-third of graduations.
All in all, In 2008/09, just under 77% of youth graduated with a high school diploma, up from 70% a decade earlier.
Secondary Schools in Canada
There are numerous private, independent and publicly funded secondary schools available in Canada. Students can choose to study intensive English or, an integrated academic and English program. For those with strong English language skills there are various academic programs, which can lead to a secondary school diploma
Private Schools in Canada
Private schools exist in every province and provide an attractive alternative for families seeking an overseas education for their children. Many of Canada's business and political leaders are graduates of well-established private schools. All private schools must be registered with the Ministry of Education in their province or territory, and must meet the curriculum and other standards set by their respective ministries. Families can choose schools that are boys-only, girls-only or co-educational. Some private schools offer full boarding programs, others are day schools, and many offer both. Many private schools adhere to a particular religious faith, emphasize particular moral teachings and apply rigorous academic standards.
Public Schools in Canada
Many Canadian public schools are now accepting international students into their programs. Publicly-funded schools are managed at the local level by elected school boards. Almost all public schools are co-educational and offer day programs only. Many school boards offer secular or non-religious education while others have religious affiliations. However, this varies from province to province. Policies on accepting international students and the fees charged vary from district to district.
6
English Language Schools in Canada
Canada has two official languages, meaning that international students can come to Canada to study either English as a Second Language (ESL) or French as a Second Language (FSL).
Many people choose to study ESL in Canada because of the many excellent ESL schools across the country and because of the neutral Canadian accent. Over the years, Canada has developed considerable expertise in the teaching of ESL because so many immigrants have required upgrading of their English skills. International students can study ESL for general, business or specific purposes. In addition, students can receive training in the teaching of ESL. Almost all universities and community colleges have ESL programs. In general, most private ESL schools are very flexible in terms of program requirements and intake dates.
French Language Schools in Canada
FSL programs are offered both through private and public institutes. Most, but not all FSL schools are located in the province of Québec. Similar to ESL programs, students can usually enter a FSL school program at any time of the year for any length of study. Students enrolled in ESL or FSL programs for up to six months may study in Canada without a Study Permit.
All in all, many people choose to study ESL in Canada because of the many excellent ESL schools across the country and because of the neutral Canadian accent. Over the years, Canada has developed considerable expertise in the teaching of ESL because so many immigrants have required upgrading of their English skills.
7
School subjects
Subjects are the parts into which learning can be divided. At school, each lessons usually covers one subject only. At the Canadian schools there are many different subjects and i tell about.
Mathematics is the study of quantity, structure, space, relation, change, and various topics of pattern, form and entity. Mathematicians seek out patterns and other quantitative dimensions, whether dealing with numbers, spaces, natural science, computers, imaginary abstractions, or other entities. Mathematicians formulate new conjectures and establish truth by rigorous deduction from appropriately chosen axioms and definitions
Through the use of abstraction and logical reasoning, mathematics evolved from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects. Knowledge and use of basic mathematics have always been an inherent and integral part of individual and group life.
English grammar has minimal inflection compared with most other Indo-European languages. For example, Modern English, unlike Modern German or Dutch and the Romance languages, lacks grammatical gender and adjectival agreement. Case marking has almost disappeared from the language and mainly survives in pronouns3. The patterning of strong (e.g. speak/spoke/spoken) versus weak verbs inherited from its Germanic origins has declined in importance in modern English, and the remnants of inflection (such as plural marking) have become more regular.
Historically, English originated from several dialects, now called Old English, which were brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers beginning in the 5th century. The language was heavily influenced by the Old Norse language of Viking invaders. After the Norman conquest, Old English developed into Middle English, borrowing heavily from the Norman (Anglo-French) vocabulary and spelling conventions.
History is the study of past events. People know what happened in the past by looking at things from the past, including records (like books,newspapers and letters) and artifacts (likepottery,tools, and human or animal remains).Libraries,archives and museums collect and keep these things for people to study history. A person who studies history is called a historian. A person who studies history is called an archaeologist. A person who studies the history of humans and civilisations is called an anthropologist. can learn about the past by talking to people who remember things that happened in the past. This is called oral history. When people who had been slaves andAmerican Civil War survovors got old, some historians recorded everything that they said, so that history would not be lost.
. Some groups of people never met each other.Medieval Europe,Ancien Romeand Ancien China each thought that they ruled the only important parts of the world and that other parts were “Barbarian".
All in all, Libraries,archives and museums collect and keep these things for people to study history. A person who studies history is called a historian. A person who studies history is called an archaeologist. The patterning of strong (e.g. speak/spoke/spoken) versus weak verbs inherited from its Germanic origins has declined in importance in modern English, and the remnants of inflection (such as plural marking) have become more regular.
3. www.educationcanada.com(07.2008)
8
|
english |
Literature, reading, writing, language, and media studies. World Wide School:This site contains the full text of many, many books. There are a number of categories including literature, youth, history, social sciences, etc. Also Shakespeare, all 86 chapters of Middlemarch by George Eliot, U.S. census statistics back to 1680, classic books in other languages including Latin, autobiographies of famous historical figures and more!... |
|
languages |
ESL, french and German Japanese Italian Spanish and more...
|
|
math & science |
How Stuff Works:Science stuff, people stuff, electronic stuff and more.The Math Forum:K-12, college and advanced math sites. Calculus, algebra, geometry and more.. Ask an actual person a question, plus sample patterns..... |
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health & physical education |
Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Canada's Sport Information Resource Centre. |
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history & geography |
Canadian Geographic Atlas, The Authentic History Center, Ontario History Quest, Time & Life Pictures |
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business studies |
accounting, marketing, international business |
|
law & civics |
Information for Newcomers: Citizenship and Immigration provide general information about Canada, including citizenship, geography, history and bilingualism. Canadian Government articles: Use the pull-down menu and access electronic collections on subjects such as Aboriginal Affairs, Crime, Drunk driving, wetlands, war crimes and more. |
|
the arts |
Dance, music, drama, media studies, visual arts... Essentials of Music: A great introduction to music through the ages. Includes biographies of musicians and over 200 audio clips organized by genre, era and composer. Music Education: Learn to read music, find out about musical genres and listen to different musical instruments. Includes a neat This Day in Music History section. |
|
social sciences |
family studies, world religions, philosophy, psychology anthropology and sociology technological education |
9
Age when children went to school
School age child development is a range from 6 to 12 years of age. During this time period observable differences in height, weight, and build of children may be prominent. The language skills of children continue to grow and many behavior changes occur as they try to find their place among their peers. As always, safety is important in school age children and proper safety rules should be enforced in and out of the school area4.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
School-age children typically have fairly smooth and strong motor skills. However, their coordination (especially eye-hand), endurance, balance, and physical tolerance vary.
Fine motor skills may also vary widely and influence a child's ability to write neatly, dress appropriately, and perform certain chores, such as making beds or doing dishes.
There will be significant differences in height, weight, and build among children of this age range. It is important to remember that genetic background, as well as nutrition and exercise, may influence a child's growth.
SAFETY
Safety is important for school-age children.
School-age children are highly active and need strenuous physical activity, peer approval, and more daring and adventurous behaviors.
Children should be taught to play sports in appropriate, safe, supervised areas, with proper equipment and rules. Bicycles, skateboards, in-line skates, and other types of recreational sports equipment should fit the child. They should be used only while following traffic and pedestrian rules, and while using safety equipment such as knee, elbow, wrist pads/braces, and helmets. Sports equipment should not be used in darkness or extreme weather conditions.
Swimming and water safety lessons may help prevent drowning.
Safety instruction regarding matches, lighters, barbecues, stoves, and open fires can prevent major burns.
Wearing seat belts remains the most important way to prevent major injury or death from a motor vehicle accident.
All in all, School-age children typically have fairly smooth and strong motor skills. However, their coordination (especially eye-hand), endurance, balance, and physical tolerance vary.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. www.internationaleducationmedia.com(09.2008)
10
Levels in education
At the age of 5 and under children went to Pre-School or Nursery School. Junior in 4-5 they went to Kindergarten (only in Ontario).
Kindergarten (5-6): students in the Prairie Provinces are not required by statute to attend kindergarten. Kindergarten is not often available in smaller towns or in the Territories.
Elementary school: refers to grades 1 through 6, but may also include grades 7 and 8.At the age of 6-12 in Grade 1-6 children went to Junior high school: also called "middle school" or "intermediate school". In many places, junior high school and high school are merged into one consisting of a high school with grades 8-12. In other areas, the junior high grades are merged into elementary schools consisting of grades K-8. In parts of Ontario, "senior public schools" exist (basically the same as US middle schools), consisting only of grades 6, 7 and 8 or grades 7 and 85. This particular split is driven by demographics and school building capacity. In the Prairie Provinces, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, however, junior high schools (which are not called middle schools) include only grades 7, 8, and 9, and never grades 6 or earlier; there are, however, combination elementary and junior high schools that include grades 1 to 9 and, occasionally, kindergarten.
At the age of 12-13 сhildren went to midle school in Grade 7.
At the age of 13-14 сhildren went to midle school in Grade 8.
At the age of 14-14 сhildren went to midle school in Grade 9 (Senior 1 in Manitoba) (in Ontario and the Atlantic Provinces, this may be the first grade of high school) High school (in some areas, usually areas with no junior high schools, from grade 8 to 12):
At the age of 15-16 сhildren went to midle school in Grade 10 (Senior 2 in Manitoba)
At the age of 16-17 сhildren went to midle school in Grade 11 (Senior 3 in Manitoba) 6.
All in all, In parts of Ontario, "senior public schools" exist (basically the same as US middle schools), consisting only of grades 6, 7 and 8 or grades 7 and 8. .This particular split is driven by demographics and school building capacity. In the Prairie Provinces, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, however, junior high schools (which are not called middle schools) include only grades 7, 8, and 9, and never grades 6 or earlier; there are, however, combination elementary and junior high schools that include grades 1 to 9 and, occasionally, kindergarten.
5. www.infozee.com/canada/ (02.2009)
6. www.cmec.ca/internationa (01.2009)
11
Types of college and university in Canada
Canada has a large selection of universities and university colleges located in both urban and rural settings in every region of the country. Our universities are internationally known for the quality of teaching and research. Degrees from Canadian universities are considered to be equivalent to those from American and other Commonwealth universities. Canadian universities are largely publicly funded; as a result they are of a consistently high quality, regardless of location or area of study. As well, they all retain a high degree of academic autonomy.
Full-time student enrolments at individual universities range from over 35,000 to less than 1,000. In addition, most universities have a large number of part-time or continuing education students. They offer a broad range of courses and a full range of degrees from undergraduate to doctorates, and can also offer certificates and professional degrees. Fees for universities differ depending on the province, institution and program of study.
The university year usually runs from September to May. Some universities are on a semester or trimester system, with all courses available even in the summer. There is no Canada-wide entrance test: each university sets its own admission standards and assesses the qualifications of each applicant individually.
As Canada has two official languages - English and French - an international student can take a degree either at an English language or French language institution. Some universities offer instruction in both languages. However, students do not have to be fluent in both languages to attend a Canadian university.
To qualify for a degree program at most English-speaking universities, students for whom English is not a first language must have passed an English examination test. The TOEFL is commonly accepted but Canadian universities often have their own tests for students or may accept other English examination tests such as the IELTS.
Your local Canadian Education Centre (CEC) can provide valuable information on English examination tests acceptable to Canadian universities. CEC staff can also advise students on whether they may qualify for an exemption from English examinations. In addition, CECs have extensive materials on Canadian schools and can also provide counselling to students on finding the appropriate institution and applying for study in Canada.
If you are interested in studying at a French language institution, please note that there is no standardized French language test that international students are required to pass in order to qualify for a degree program. French universities, however, will determine the level of a student's French language skills on a case-by-case basis, and may choose to administer their own written tests if language skills are in question
Canadian universities are largely public funded, and, as a result, offer consistently high quality education at lower tuition rates for international students than their counterparts in competing countries. They offer a broad range of courses and degrees from undergraduate to doctorate and also certificate and professional degrees.
In Western Canada, university normally consists of four years leading to a Bachelor's Degree (whether Honours, With Distinction, or otherwise), and five years for a double major or for a Bachelor's Degree in certain specific fields. However, at many universities in Western Canada students are permitted to take up to ten years to complete a Bachelor's Degree part-time. It is also more common in Western Canada for students to apply to university years after graduating from high school than it is in Ontario or the Atlantic Provinces.
As a component of the Canadian university system, university colleges offer students a choice of either academic oriented university degree programmes or the more practical-oriented college diplomas and certificates.As a part of the Canadian college system, university colleges are
12
distinguished by their strong student support services, small classes and strong campus environments. They also offer combined degree/diploma programmes and university transfer programmes.
Community colleges and technical institutes:
They typically have a more vocational-related curricula, with small classes, off-campus course offerings, a greater ratio of laboratory space to class room space, and an interactive teaching style. The uniqueness of Canadian colleges lies in the combination of employer-centered curricula. These institutes have the primary function of responding to the training needs of business, industry, and public service sectors. Most colleges and technical institutes offer diplomas and certificates rather than degrees, however, more and more now grant degrees and applied degrees.
Technical/ Career College :
This is a privately owned and operated school with the main objective of preparing students for the job market after a short period of instruction. The emphasis at career colleges is on practical skills over a broad range of programmes. They specialize in such areas as business, computers, and secretarial skills. Although privately owned, these institutes are provincially approved and regulated, ensuring that programmes standards and quality are maintained.
Canada is the second-largest country in the world and is known for its geographic variety, cultural vibrancy and economic strength. From sea to sea, from small rural towns to bustling urban centres, Canada is a nation rich in opportunity7. Canada's diversity is also reflected in its many career colleges. Career colleges are nothing new: alternately known as vocational or technical schools, they have been part of Canada's post-secondary education since the late 19th century. Despite their long history, they are often overlooked when it comes to student school searches. However, Canada's career colleges have much to offer that the larger institutions can't provide, and so the career colleges have a unique and specialized role within Canada's post-secondary education system and should be part of any student's school considerations.
Christian Universities
Currently there are over 40, 4-year Christian universities and colleges and 2/3-year bible schools in Canada with a total enrolment of over 17,000. There is no single term to describe these institutions and they are variously referred to as bible schools, colleges, universities, and institutes. Diverse in character, often, but not exclusively sponsored by the protestant evangelical movement in Canada, Christian universities and colleges can be found across Canada. They offer bachelor’s degrees, diplomas and certificates. Programs span religious and theological studies, including religious studies, theology, missions and church music. And since the 1970’s many have developed a range of liberal arts and professional programs offered from the perspective of a Christian worldview, including business, early childhood education, social work, and even outdoor leadership. Many of Canada’s Christian universities and colleges have achieved national and international attention through their missionary endeavors. The academic year usually starts in September and ends in May, and is normally divided into two semesters. Some institutes operate on a semester or trimester system and admit students in January and/or May as well as September. Many institutes offer a limited number of courses and special programmes during the summer session.
7. www.msconsulting.ca/EDUCATION(02.2008)
13
Private Universities
At present, all private universities in Canada maintain a religious history or foundation. British Columbia’s Quest University will become the first privately funded liberal arts university without a denominational affiliation (although it is not the first private liberal arts university). Many provinces, including Ontario and Alberta, have passed legislation allowing private degree-granting institutions (not necessarily universities) to operate there.
Many Canadians remain polarized on the issue of permitting private universities into the Canadian market. On the one hand, Canada’s top universities find it difficult to compete with the private American powerhouses because of funding, but on the other hand, the fact that the price of private universities tends to exclude those who cannot pay that much for their education could prevent a significant portion of Canada’s population from being able to attend these schools.
All il all, It is also more common in Western Canada for students to apply to university years after graduating from high school than it is in Ontario or the Atlantic Provinces.
As a component of the Canadian university system, university colleges offer students a choice of either academic oriented university degree programmes or the more practical-oriented college diplomas and certificates.
Program Transfers
In some cases, it is possible to complete only one or two semesters of undergraduate study in Canada, and then apply your studies towards a degree program in your home country. You may also be interested in transferring to a Canadian university to complete you studies. In either case, it is important to ask the advisors at the Canadian institution you are planning to attend, as well as your home university or college, about equivalencies specific to your program of interest.
All in all, Currently there are over 40, 4-year Christian universities and colleges and 2/3-year bible schools in Canada with a total enrolment of over 17,000. There is no single term to describe these institutions and they are variously referred to as bible schools, colleges, universities, and institutes. Many Canadians remain polarized on the issue of permitting private universities into the Canadian market. On the one hand, Canada’s top universities find it difficult to compete with the private American powerhouses because of funding. Canadian universities are largely public funded, and, as a result, offer consistently high quality education at lower tuition rates for international students than their counterparts in competing countries.
14
Types of Certificates
There are many different kinds of diplomas and received in universities colleges and schools in Сanada here a little from them...
Certificate is a qualification awarded upon successful completion of a programme which is usually one year in length, and is offered at colleges.
Diploma is the qualification awarded on the basis of one or two year’s successful study, and is offered at colleges.
Undergraduate/bachelors degrees are awarded by a university after four years of full-time study, and lead to graduate level studies.
Graduate/post graduate degrees lead to advanced degrees, diplomas and certificates. A pre-requisite to participate in graduate studies is a bachelors/undergraduate degree (4 years).
M.B.A. programmes will typically require a minimum of two to three years of relevant work experience, GMAT score of 580-600, TOEFL score of 560-600, and a 4 year degree, and are generally 2 years in duration, though a few institutes offer a fast track option9.
Pre-requisites to participating in a master’s programme is a four year bachelor’s degree with high academic standing equivalent to a minimum mid-B grade in Canada (mid 70’s); at least two academic letters of reference; and other qualifications as specified, ie., TOEFL, GRE general and/or subject test. Master’s programmes generally require two years to complete full time, and usually require a combination of course work and thesis.
Doctorate or Ph.D. is a degree ranking above a master’s degree, and generally requires four to seven years to complete full time. A combination of course work, original research, and a thesis is required. Prerequisites are typically a master’s degree, although direct entry from a bachelor’s degree to a Ph.D. programme may be possible depending on the school and programme. Minimum high-B grade in Canada (high 70’s) is required; where relevant, demonstrated research competence equivalent to at least a B+ grade; at least two academic letters of reference; and other qualifications as specified, ie., TOEFL, GRE general and or subject test.
Post-doctoral programmes are much more specialized, research oriented programmes. One of the most important factors in granting post-doctorate fellowships is the personal network established between the interested applicant and the faculty member within the institution10.
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. www.studycanada.ca(03.2009)
10. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education in Canada(02.2009)
15
Conclusion
So, Education is a provincial responsibility under the Canadian constitution, which means there are significant differences between the education systems of the different provinces. However, education is important to Canadians, and standards across the country are uniformly high. All in all, many people choose to study ESL in Canada because of the many excellent ESL schools across the country and because of the neutral Canadian accent. Over the years, Canada has developed considerable expertise in the teaching of ESL because so many immigrants have required upgrading of their English skills. And Libraries,archives and museums collect and keep these things for people to study history. A person who studies history is called a historian. A person who studies history is called an archaeologist. The patterning of strong (e.g. speak/spoke/spoken) versus weak verbs inherited from its Germanic origins has declined in importance in modern English, and the remnants of inflection (such as plural marking) have become more regular. School-age children typically have fairly smooth and strong motor skills. However, their coordination (especially eye-hand), endurance, balance, and physical tolerance vary. All in all, In parts of Ontario, "senior public schools" exist (basically the same as US middle schools), consisting only of grades 6, 7 and 8 or grades 7 and 8. .This particular split is driven by demographics and school building capacity. In the Prairie Provinces, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, however, junior high schools (which are not called middle schools) include only grades 7, 8, and 9, and never grades 6 or earlier; there are, however, combination elementary and junior high schools that include grades 1 to 9 and, occasionally, kindergarten. Currently there are over 40, 4-year Christian universities and colleges and 2/3-year bible schools in Canada with a total enrolment of over 17,000. There is no single term to describe these institutions and they are variously referred to as bible schools, colleges, universities, and institutes. Many Canadians remain polarized on the issue of permitting private universities into the Canadian market. On the one hand, Canada’s top universities find it difficult to compete with the private American powerhouses because of funding. Canadian universities are largely public funded, and, as a result, offer consistently high quality education at lower tuition rates for international students than their counterparts in competing countries.
16
References
1.www.cmec.ca/internationa(01.2009)
2.www.Education in Canada.com (02.2009)
3.www.educationcanada.com(07.2008)
4.www.infozee.com/canada/(02.2009)
5.www.internationaleducationmedia.com(09.2008)
6.www.msconsulting.ca/EDUCATION(02.2008)
7.www.studycanada.ca(03.2009)
8.www.studycanada.ru/cgi-bin(04.2008)
17
Appendix
Elementary (1-5)
Middle School and Intermediate School (5-6)
Junior Secondary and Junior High School (7-8)
Senior Secondary (8-10)
Senior High School and High School (10-12)
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Alberta Elementary Middle School Secondary Junior and Senior High School |
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Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
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British Columbia Elementary Middle School Secondary Junior and Senior High School |
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Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
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Manitoba Elementary Middle School Secondary Junior and Senior High School |
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Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
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New Brunswick Elementary Middle School Secondary Junior and Senior High School |
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Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
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Newfoundland and Labrador Primary Elementary Intermediate Senior High Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Level I Level II |
Canada
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G |
Graduate Study |
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Senior |
Four Year College of university |
Four Year College or University |
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Junior |
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Sophomore |
Two Year Junior or Community College |
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Freshman |
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12 |
High School |
High School |
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11 |
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10 |
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9 |
Junior High School |
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8 |
Middle School |
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|
7 |
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6 |
Elementary |
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5 |
School |
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4 |
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3 |
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2 |
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1 |