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Lesson 5.
SOME BUILDING PROFESSIONS
Ex.1. What building professions do you know? Can you explain the following?
Vocabulary
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Some Building Professions
A man, who has been an apprentice for some years in a building trade and has therefore enough skill to be considered a skilled worker at his trade, is called tradesman or craftsman.
He may be a carpenter and joiner, bricklayer, mason, slater-and-tiler, plumber, electrician, house painter, glazier, floor-and-wall tiler, plasterer, paper-hanger, steeplejack, hot water fitter and so on.
Bricklayer is a tradesman who builds and repairs brickwork, lays and joints stoneware drains, sets chimney pots, manhole frames and fireplaces. He renders brickwork, including the insides of manholes. A sewer and tunnel bricklayer is a specialized bricklayer. In some districts of Great Britain, bricklayers also fix wall and flooring tiles and slating and lay plaster and granolithic floors.
But elsewhere these are plasterer's specialities.
Carpenter is a man who erects wood frames, fits joints, fixes wood floors, stairs and window frames, asbestos sheeting and other wallboard. He builds or dismantles wood or metal formwork. The two trades of carpenter and joiner were originally the same, and most men can do both, but specialize in one or the other. In the USA the term "carpenter" includes a joiner. The word is derived from the
French word charpente, which means a wood or metal framework.
Joiner is a man who makes joinery and works mainly at the bench on wood, which has been cut and shaped by the machinists. His work is finer than the carpenter's, much of it being highly finished and done in a joinery shop which is not exposed to weather. In Scotland a joiner is a carpenter-and-joiner.
Mason is a stone worker or stone setter. In Scotland and the USA a bricklayer is usually also a mason. A fixer or a fixer mason or a builder mason is a mason who sets prepared stones in walls, whether the stone be only facing or to the full wall thickness.
Plasterer is a tradesman who may be a fibrous plasterer or a plasterer in solid work. The latter lays successive coats of plaster or rendering and fixes fibrous plaster such as mould cornices and wall pattern. He can use a horsed mold, erect lathing for plaster, and apply stucco.
A construction manager, or CM, provides services similar to those of general constructor, but represents client's interest during all phases of the building process — design as well as construction. They are usually paid a negotiated fee for the scope of services rendered. For example, working with the architect during design, the CM provides updated cost projections so that a client will know probable costs, which the project evolves. A general constructor, however, doesn't usually enter the scene until after the design is complete.
The CM may also be responsible for the safety of workers on the construction site.
Ex.1. Give equivalent Russian phrases to the following English ones:
Ex.2. Give equivalent English phrases to the following Russian ones
A:
B:
Ex.3. Add the missing information from the text
1. … is called tradesman or craftsman.
2. … is a tradesman who may be a fibrous plasterer or a plasterer in solid work.
3. A fixer or a fixer mason or a builder mason is a mason who….
4. In the US A the term….
5. In some districts…, and slating and lay plaster and granolithic floors.
6. … is a man who makes joinery and works mainly at the bench on wood, which has been cut and shaped by the machinists.
7. … including the insides of manholes.
8. … is a tradesman who builds and repairs brickwork, lays and joints salt glazed stoneware drains, sets, chimney pots, manhole frames and fireplaces.
9. … is a man who erects wood frames, fits joints, fixes wood floors, stairs and window frames, asbestos sheeting and other wallboard.
10. … is a stone worker or stone setter.
Grammar
Ex.4. Choose and use. Remember the difference between the use of the verbs make and do
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MAKE |
DO |
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a journey money sure a trip a contribution a complaint a choice |
an excuse an inquiry a mistake a charge a discovery use of room for |
good harm business lessons work a sum one's best |
one's duty damage housework an experiment a favour a test the room the washing-up |
4.1. Insert the necessary verb:
1. If he ... a mistake, he will have to... his lesson again.
2. It will only ... you good.
3. Don't worry, I will try to ... my best to help you.
4. She would like to ... a journey to Italy this summer.
5. Housewives usually... their washing-up on Saturdays.
6. He just... an excuse and disappeared.
7. We are to ... choices pretty often in our lives.
8. It will not... you any harm.
9. If a person likes his or her business, he or she will... it thoroughly.
10. The earthquake ... a lot of damage to the location.
11. Joseph ... his test better than anybody else in the group.
12. Joiner is a man who ... joinery.
4.2. Translate the sentences with different meanings of the word make
1. Make sure that the door is locked when leaving your appartment.
2. Let's make it up.
3. As you make the bed, so you will lie in it.
4. What am I to make of your behavior?
5. Two and three make five.
6. You must make up your mind about this business till next Monday.
7. — Have you heard anything about John?—Yes, I know that he is in the start-up business now and is completely on the make.
8. Do you agree that a smiling boss makes for a happy and more productive employee?
Ex.5. Translate the following sentences with PASSIVE VOICE
1. Engineering is divided into many branches.
2. A joinery shop must not be exposed to weather.
3. Walls are built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs.
4. The word is derived from the French word charpente, which means a wood or metal framework.
5. First the excavation is dug for the basement, and then the foundation walls below ground level are constructed.
6. The joiner's work is finer than the carpenter's, much of it being highly finished and done in a joinery shop.
7. An outlet for this air should be provided in order to have good ventilation.
8. Many new methods of building have been discovered during the last hundred years.
9. Operational acceptance of the project takes place when the guarantee test has been successfully completed and the guarantees met.
10. After the war more than 90% of the old part of the city was left in ruins.
11. In 1954 the last tram was removed from the streets.
12. The town was perched on the hill.
Ex.6. Translate into English paying attention to PASSIVE VOICE
1. Когда был построен этот небоскреб?
2. Лекции по философии посещаются всеми студентами нашей группы.
3. Строительство этого моста должно быть завершено к следующему месяцу.
4. Все строительные работы должны быть закончены к концу года.
5. Этот дом должен быть тщательно осмотрен, прежде чем его снесут.
6. Эти вопросы решаются подрядчиком.
7. Цемент использовался египтянами при строительстве мостов, дорог и т.д.
Ex.7. Translate into Russian paying attention to PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION
1. The ancient city of Troy was excavated by Schlieman.
2. The guarantee test is carried out by the contractor during commissioning.
3. This manual was written by our professor.
4. The theatre is praised by the experts as a milestone in city architecture.
5. Buildings having architectural or historical value are protected by law.
6. The new art gallery has been visited by many people.
7. The course papers will have been finished by the students by the end of December.
8. The City Hall was restored by the citizens after the World War II.
Ex.8. Translate the following sentences with CONTINUOUS TENSES
1. We are discussing what we can do about the situation.
2. We are dreaming about a beautiful house.
3. A new road is being built not far from our district.
4. I was working on my report the whole day yesterday.
5. Don't worry! The project of the new theatre is being designed by our professionals.
6. When we came to that town again, a new mall was being constructed there.
7. She is constantly missing our discussions.
8. The air-conditioning system is being installed in our office now.
9. The moulds are being filled by concrete at the moment.
10. Look! The wall is falling down!
Ex.9. Read and rewrite the dialogue in reported speech:
Boss: The customer said he wanted thicker lino for the floor.
Worker: Did he say anything about the colour?
Boss: Yes, the colour should be matched with the walls colour.
Worker: So, the colour must be light, much more lighter that the lino we have now.
Boss: I'll order to bring the proper lino tomorrow.
Worker: Ok. And we'll also need two types of marble tiles for the toilets and the bathrooms.
Boss: Yes, I have just ordered it.
Ex.10. Retell the text.